6 kasị elu dam na ụwa

Mmadụ-agbalị mgbe niile iji chebe site na ndị ọcha, na ịrị elu nke mepere, ụmụ mmadụ kpebiri nọrọ n'okpuru ike nke ọdịdị na-eji ya maka ha onwe ha na nzube. Taa, anyị ga-elekwasị anya na ihe ndị kasị oké ọchịchọ hydroelectric osisi, pụtara nke bụ tụnyere na steeti pụtara. Anyị ga-achọpụta ihe bụ kasị elu dam na ụwa. N'okpuru ebe a bụ n'elu 6 kasị nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ dams na ụwa.

M edebe - Jinping HPP-1 na China

Taa ọ bụ tallest dam na ụwa, kere ụmụ mmadụ aka. Ya elu esịmde 305 m, na ogologo -. 568 m Jinping HPP-1 e tinyere n'ime ọrụ na 2014 ozugbo daba "Guinness Book of Records," ruru ya nnukwu size. Construction nke dam malitere na 2005, na mgbe 7 afọ nke mbụ haịdrọlik moto na ọdụ na oru. 2015 ẹkenam ikpeazụ, nke isii unit. Gịnị gosiri ọdịiche ndị haịdrọlik cylinders na Chinese hydropower osisi site na ike nke dị ike osisi na ụwa, otú ahụ ka ike nkeji. Ọ bụrụ na nke ugbu a ike nkeji arụ ọrụ na a ike nke 300 ths. KWh, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ banyere 600 thous. KW. Ọ bụkwa otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike dam na ụwa. The dam emi odude ke Sichuan nso ọnụ nke Yalong River.

II ebe - na Nurek hydropower osisi ke Tajikistan

dam imewe na oru na 1950, na na mgbe 11 afọ malitere ya ewu. Ọ biri naanị na 1972, n'otu afọ na e mere ya jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na nyere: akpa unit ngọngọ na oru na n'otu afọ, na ndị ikpeazụ - mgbe 7 afọ. Ya mere, site 1979, GES rụrụ ọrụ na zuru ike, na-enye ruo 75% na ume-akwụ ụgwọ. N'afọ na-arụpụta ọkụ eletrik a hydroelectric ike ojii nke iji nke 11 ijeri kW / h. Mmiri na hydroelectric ike osisi na-abụghị nanị na-eji n'ịwa ọkụ eletrik, ma e zigara a n'ezigbo tunnels maka mmiri nke ala ubi.

Ruo mgbe 2013 ọ bụ tallest dam na ụwa, ọ esịmde a dị elu nke 300 m n'ogologo - 70 km. Ọ accommodates olu nke mmiri na 10 km ^3, 98 km ^2, 9 nwere ike generators. N'ịbụ dam na Vakhsh River nso n'obodo Nurek.

III ebe - GES Syaovan na China

Nke a bụ ndị kasị elu njiko dam na ụwa, na-eru a elu nke 292 m. Ọ na nsogbu na Mekong River. Na China, 7 HPS, ma nke a bụ nnukwu ha n'etiti ha. On ewu ụkpụrụ, na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi, e wuru ngwa ngwa: na erection nke owuwu malitere na 2002, na mgbe 7 afọ e tinyere n'ime ọrụ mbụ engine na March 2010 na-ewu e dechara. Na 2013, enye utom ke akpatre engine. The dam a kwadebere n'ụzọ na isii dị ike haịdrọlik nkeji. The nkezi uru nke ike ọgbọ bụ 19 ijeri kWh / h.

Arched dam e wuru atụle iguzogide seismic vibrations ka 8 n'ihe ọtụtụ Richter, o nwere a "oké" oyi akwa nke profaịlụ, site na nke wuru. N'okpuruala ụlọ maka HPP nwere nnukwu size - banyere 300 m n'ogologo.

IV ebe - Grand Diksens na Switzerland

Nke a bụ ndị kasị elu hydroelectric ike osisi na Europe na nke atọ na ụwa na size. N'ịbụ dam na osimiri Diksens, mgbe onye nwetara aha ya. Concrete Ọdịdị esịmde a dị elu nke 285 m, ogologo - 695 m, obosara - 200 m. The esite esetịpụ a olu nke mmiri 0.4 km ³ na ọwara-ekwurịta okwu na ọdọ, ruo 100 km.

Construction nke dam wee ebe na oge site na 1951 ka afọ 1965. Grand Diksens enweta meltwater si karịa 30 valezianskih kpụkọrọ - nke a bụ n'ezie a dị ike Ọdịdị. The dam kere njem mmụta omume maka njem na, ebe na-nọgidere na-enwe hiking na ugwu ụzọ gasị.

V ebe - HPP Inguri na Georgia

Enguri HPP - a Kọkeshịan dam, emi odude ke isi iyi nke osimiri Enguri na Eristskali, nke dị nso n'obodo Jvari. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị elu hydroelectric dams na ụwa, na-eru a elu nke 272 m na 278 m n'ogologo. Ọ intakes na outlets 7 na-ndokwa tinyere a dayameta nke 6 m maka na-abaghị uru-agbapụta n'ahụ mmiri. The ike osisi ụlọ enịm haịdrọlik Motors 5, na-amị a afọ banyere 4.4 ijeri kWh / h nke na ọkụ eletrik.

N'ihi na eziokwu na Inguri hydroelectric ike ebe na-emi esịnede a mgbanwe hydroelectric ike osisi, na-eduga si osimiri Eristskali ekesịpde Abkhazia, a ghaghị inwe nkwekọ n'etiti abụọ mba. N'ihi ya Ingur gidroenergokompleks agụnye ụlọ ọrụ Georgian GES (a dam esite na a òkè nke ọwara) na Abkhaz akụkụ nke ọwara na owuwu HPP. N'ihi nke a, na 1992 n'etiti mba abụọ ruru nkwekọrịta na nkesa nke eletriki ume mba abụọ (60% na Georgia na 40% maka Abkhazia).

VI ebe - Vajont oche na Italy

Ọ nwere otu nke kasị elu dams na ụwa, wuru na n'ebe ugwu nke Italy, Vajont osimiri. The elu nke ụlọ erukarị 261,6 m, na ogologo - 190 m na mmiri e gbochiri egbochi a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị, dị iche iche site na ike :. yiri okoso, tapering nsoroụzọ ala ma gbatịrị gaba. Na ala ya eruo a obosara nke 23 m, na, tinyere ndị riiji obosara na obere -. Naanị 4 m Ọ bụkwa ihe kasị "mara" dam na ụwa.

10.09.1963 afọ na Italian dam enwere a egwu mberede, nke gburu, dị ka ụfọdụ na isi mmalite, na 2 000 3 000 ndị. N'ihi na ekpegara oké mmiri ozuzo na ọlulu a Mbuzo n'ụsọ Vajont osimiri 2 km ² ebe, na oké nkume n'ụzọ nkịtị oké cup esite. Water ogbo elu nke 90 m kụrụ niile di ala ala na a ọsọ nke 8-12 m / s. Ihe were naanị 7 nkeji oge na-ebu ndụ nke ọtụtụ puku ndị mmadụ na-ebibi ọtụtụ iri na abuo owuwu.

Taa, dị ka na oghere ụbọchị na 1959, na Italian dam Vajont anya dị ka enweghị ntụpọ, na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla Chọpụta nke egwu ihe nke ọkara otu narị afọ gara aga.

Na 2001 wee eponymous nkiri banyere ihe ahụ merenụ, na ọtụtụ Fans nke movies gaa ebe a dị ka a ụtụ na-akwanyere ndị ahụ tara na na egwu ụbọchị.