Aghụghọ - bụ a sayensị, anwansi ma ọ bụ ịgba afa?

Aghụghọ - na ọ bụ ihe ụtọ na witty mgbaghoju anya nke na-ege ntị ga-ekpebi na a gbawara n'etiti abụọ. N'ihi na iwu nke genre achọ ọsọ, ozugbo. Na-ege ntị na-adịghị enwe oge na-aghọta ihe ha na-ahụ. Otu anwansi a na-ọzọ, na o yiri ka ọ maara na mma-guzobere ụwa iji na-achọ ntisa n'okpuru nrụgide nke soje ịrịba mgbanwe.

The mbụ na-elekwasị anya (Ancient Egypt)

Rocks n'usọ osimiri Nail na pịrị n'ime ha na banyere 1260 BC. e. Temple nke Abu Simbel ... Ọ nwere ike na-atụle nke mbụ nro nke ngwaọrụ, nke a maara ndị mmadụ. Ugboro abụọ n'afọ, ya ọmụmụ na n'ụbọchị nke accession ocheeze, ọ pụtara na Fero Ramses II. The omimi ikuku, ọtụtụ narị mmadụ na-eche a ọrụ ebube, ụlọ nsọ-nchu-àjà na-agụ oge ochie spells na incantations. Ha na-akpọ na anyanwụ ezumike site n'ígwé ojii na-ekpughe ndị Pharaoh. Na ọrụ ebube na-eme. Na nri oge, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na na-erubere ndị nchụàjà, ndị oblique ray nke ìhè anyanwụ amapu warara-emeghe ọnụ ụzọ, odụk a ala na ọchịchịrị ụlọ na ọkụ nọ n'ọchịchịrị ọgụgụ onye na-achị.

Anyị na-akọwa na-eme ememe nke oge ochie papaịrọs. Azịza-omimi a, na-eme nnyocha na-enwe ike na-ahụ nanị oge ochie mmepeanya na nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. Prehistoric architects maara kpọmkwem ebe na ihe oge na-n'oge ememe ga-ọwụwa anyanwụ disk. Ha na-enwe ike na-eduzi ije nke anyanwụ dị ka ọnụ ụzọ ụlọ nsọ, site na nke doo penetrates n'ime ụlọ na ụlọ nke e Ramses II. Mmetụta nke a nro bụ pụtara - ụmụ amaala ji ezi obi kwere na ìhè na-arụtụ aka na-achị.

Nke a mere eme nwere ike inye otu n'ime omume azịza ajụjụ a: "Gịnị bụ na-elekwasị anya?" Ikekwe, ọ bụ ojiji nke ẹdude ihe ọmụma iji nweta ihe ndị ha chọrọ n'ihi! Nke a azịza bụ nnọọ yiri.

Manipulators of Ancient Greece

nchu-àjà omimi mmegharị anya nwere ike ghara ịnọgide ama. Na Gris oge ochie, ndị majik nọ n'oge ndị Gris na ndị Persian agha. Kama ha nwere art adịghị na ụlọ arụsị, na a fairground. N'ụzọ dị ịtụnanya, na ihe odide nke na ụtọ asụsụ na rhetorician Alciphron (III na narị afọ BC. E.) E nwere okwu nke a atọ, nke na-adị ndụ n'oge a. N'akwụkwọ ya, ọ na-akọwa otú a na-awagharị awagharị dibịa afa tinyere ala atọ iko na-etinye atọ nkume. Incredibly kpaliri pebbles - pụtara n'okpuru otu cup, mgbe ahụ, okụrede na ndị ọnụ juggler. Ma mgbe ahụ kpamkpam n'anya, ma illusionist malitere pụọ nke ha akpa, ntị ma ọ bụ ntutu isi nkiri. Na-ege ntị, chịrị ọchị ma na-eche kraiptographi artist, n'ihi na ọ na-elekwasị anya - bụ, nke mbụ, witty na ụtọ ntem.

Nro nke sayensị na òké rie ọ nwụọ

Development nke nkwenye efu nke art na ochie Europe wee nade ye a kpamkpam na nkà mmụta sayensị nwere. Ọ dịghị onye bụ dị iche iche, ebe anwansi na charlatanism, na ebe nwere na onwu na Gbasara Anya. E mere nke a site na ọtụtụ ndị a ma ama aha nwere ọbọhọ. Onye ama ama astrologer na soothsayer Mishel Nostradamus (1503-1566) alaghị azụ ime aghụghọ. Nke a, n'ezie, mụbara ogo ya mmetụta na susceptible ka ọrụ ebube, ma omimi phenomena nke ọha na eze. Chebere nkọwa nke ngwa anya ahụmahụ nke gosipụtara oké omimi. Site na oghere dị n'uko panel na-lowered ala-enyere aka nwa bebi, na-ahụ mere ka azụ ma na-emechi onu. Nkiri na-ele ya site na a warara nchawa na mgbidi, bụ nke e n'ịnyịnya a uzo zita prism. O nyere ndị "tụgharịa" mmetụta. O yiri na nwa bebi adahade si n'okpuru na e kpamkpam. Ekiri mgbe kwetara n'ime ụlọ, ha achọwo n'ala. Ma, ọ na e mere nke nkume, na m nwere ihe ọ bụla na nzuzo hatches kọrọ ya.

Ekere ke ọrụ nkà

Popularity Mmegharị Anya egosi aghọwo otú mbara n'etiti ụwa, ọtụtụ ndị so dee na nka ike na-eleghara okwu a. Ha na-egosi na ọrụ ya ihe ụfọdụ banyere amoosu ma ọ bụ anwansi aghụghọ. Science, anwansi ma ọ bụ nkà - ọ bụ ike inye a nkenke definition nke a onu. Ma, ị pụrụ ịhụ ha na mmetụta na ochie omenala ke maara nke ọma oge gboo ọrụ.

Dutch artist Piter Breygel Elder (c. 1525-1569) na otu nke ya osise e sere nkwatu nke dibịa afa si n'ocheeze. Ejegharị performers na-e sere na kwaaji na guise ndị mmụọ ọjọọ. Ọzọ Dutchman, Ieronim Boskh (1450-1516), na ya na-arụ ọrụ na-na-ezo ka onyinyo nke na-awagharị awagharị jugglers, majik na ndị dibịa afa.

Expert ochie omenala Goethe (1749-1832) na ya "nwetaghachi" na-egosi na kpokọtara picture nke Middle Ages. Wine na gushes si na tebụl na ọkụ, tọhapụ ha n'agbụ nke Margarita. Headless, na-ebu na-aka nke ya ọkpụkpụ isi. All ndị a aghụghọ bụ ndabere nke olu nke artists na-egosi aghụghọ. Gịnị bụ ha na nzuzo na mkpesa maka ndị dị otú a ruo ogologo oge? O doro anya na ndị mmadụ ọchịchọ banye n'ime ihe omimi na-apụghị ibibi ebibi okwukwe na ọrụ ebube.

Penetration na Russia

The mbụ njọ nro na-egosi na Russia e ẹkenịmde na òkè nke ndị mba ọzọ ọbịa performers. Ha e ẹkenịmde ke isi ụlọ ihe nkiri nke oge. Na Moscow ọ bụ na-egwuri egwu nke Maly Ụlọ ihe nkiri, na St. Petersburg mba ọzọ mmegharị anya e gosiri na ogbo nke Alexander Ụlọ ihe nkiri. Site na nke a oge na nro nke art e gbanwee. Ọ ghọrọ n'ọtụtụ ebe na site technical innovations nke oge. Gara bụ ụbọchị mgbe ọtụtụ ndị majik na ndị dibịa afa bụ ọnụ ala fairground arụmọrụ. Site niile pụtara na ha ise ndị ọha na eze na echiche na-elekwasị anya - nke a bụ oké njọ.

Foreign guest performers na Russia

Karịsịa jupụta site ngosi Russia n'ozizi ndị ahụ ndị XIX narị afọ. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na-ese ihe n'ezie oké nna ukwu nke genre.

Karl Hermann - ama nnọchiteanya nke ndị ezinụlọ European dibịa anwansi. Ọ bụ nkà, n'oge na-egosi a ọtụtụ egwu egwu ma ghọọ ndị na-ekiri ya na-enyere aka. N'otu oge ahụ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ malitere iji oké nro nke akụrụngwa. Ya ebi bụ a atọ, "The Boy na ikuku" - na-agụ egwú nādabere ya na ogwe aka na a ogologo osisi. N'otu oge ya ụkwụ n'ala. Na arịrịọ nke ndị na-ege ntị si na otu karama omee ọ agbapụtara a dịgasị iche iche nke ihe ọṅụṅụ - mmiri ara ehi na champeenu.

Carl Mekgold rutere tour na Moscow, ndibọhọ na-ege ntị nke na akwụkwọ akụkọ nke oge tụnyere ya Schiller na Mozart na ya art. Na-aka nke onye na-ese na ọla kọpa na mkpụrụ ego ghọọ a frog, nke, n'aka, ghọrọ Canary. Na-ege ntị nyere artist scarves, ese, ọla. All n'ime ihe ndị a pụtara na violin, nke eyịride mgbidi a mechiri emechi ikpe.

O meriri ndị na-achọ ọha dibịa afa na dibịa afa Bartolomeo Bosco. Ya yiri nke ndị Ijipt anwansi mere ka a flurry nke ịnụ ọkụ n'obi na-azaghachi. The omee n'ihu na-ege ntị na a uwe na uwe elu. All na props ha na-eji bụ nnọọ mfe - emeghe table mkpa ụkwụ, ọ dịghị tablecloths, nke na ọ bụ ike zoo ihe. O yiri ka ihe n'ezie na-abịa na-aga, na-erubere arịrịọ nke na-ese. Na-ege ntị kwetara na a olu na uche na nnwale gosiri Bosco (aghụghọ) - na ọ bụ anwansi.

The mbụ Russian majik

Ekwela lag n'azụ si mba ọzọ ogbo na Russian jugglers. History chebere aha ụfọdụ n'ime ha. Na 1828, maka Rogozhskaya Gate bụ arena maka baiting nke ụmụ anụmanụ. E pụtara otu Karasev - o gosiri "pụrụ iche n'ibu nwere." N'okpuru nlekọta nke na-ege ntị ngosi zoro na a igbe akwụkwọ ntuziaka chronometer, ma ọ okụrede. Na-na saịtị awa pụtara a na nnunu. Tucked efep ke otu drawer ọla dị na n'akpa uwe nke a ẹkesinamde do.

Na ọzọ ọgbọ egwuregwu na Tver ụzọ ámá, o kwuru okwu dibịa afa Solovyov. Na posta, ọ kpọrọ onwe ya a "fireproof mmadụ." Ya nwere (stunts) e jikọtara ya na ọkụ.

Na 1835, a na mbụ ụgbọ Nikulin gosiri ya kpokọtara arụmọrụ na Maly Ụlọ ihe nkiri nke Moscow. Omenkà, o ji ihe nke ọtụtụ ndị na onwe-mere na-egosi Mmegharị Anya ngwaọrụ. Na anyị na-abịa ala ọmụma banyere arụmọrụ na n'otu oge ahụ nke Russian dibịa anwansi dị ka Kuparenko, Vasiliy Korchagin na Ivan Martin.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na arụmọrụ nke Homegrown nka Russian ọha Enyi kacha enyi colder karịa na ngosi nke ala ọzọ ha na ibe. Russian Akwụkwọ ọkọwa okwu na-egosipụta àgwà a ụdị nkà na Russia site na ihe okwu "na-elekwasị anya" - antics, mgbagwoju anya, aghụghọ.

Na Soviet oge

O doro anya na ihe kasị ike mmepe a na nro nke art na Soviet Union. Nro ike ọhụrụ nkiri na obere ụlọ. Nke nta nke nta na-arahụ flashy mba ọzọ aha, nke omenala were onwe ya Russian dibịa anwansi. Ọ gbanwere àgwà ndị nka, na nghọta nke ihe na-elekwasị anya bụ. Kpokọtara na omimi ndabere nke a onu n'oge gara aga. The kacha mma nnọchiteanya nke genre yiri ka na-agba na-abịa ekiri ka egwuregwu na-kwuru, sị: "Ugbu a, ị ga-ghọgburu, ma i nwere ike imeli na-ekpughe na aghụghọ."

Ndị dị otú ahụ na-ese ihe na-agụnye ama illusionist E. T. Kio, nwanyị mbụ Soviet illyuzionistku Kleo Doroti (Claudia Karasik). Tradition ojiji na nro Ngwa brilliantly iso Anatoliy Sokol. Otar Ratiani kere ihe mbụ mma "Invisible Man," nke dabeere nchụàjà site HG Wells. Ọzọ masterpiece illusionary scores Soviet ọgbọ egwuregwu - "Water extravaganza" Ilya Simvolokova. Na na ikpeazụ na-ekwu okwu nke Anatoly Nzọụkwụ-Novozhilova na ọgbọ egwuregwu arena pụtara eared dum ubi nke rye na ndiife agba egwú. Artists nke Soviet ọgbọ egwuregwu na-adịghị nnọọ conjure - ha mepụtara ha art, na-eme ya na-elekọta mmadụ na Nde.

Miracles anaghị abịa na njedebe

Ya mere, ihe bụ mma, nke na-ebu anwansi aghụghọ? The anwansi nke aka-ha nwere ike ime ka onye na - doro anya na, na na ha na-ewu ewu na Ekliziastis. Mgbe niile, ọ bụchaghị na-a ọkachamara artist-dibịa afa. A ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke dị akwụkwọ na-eme ka o kwe omume na nna mfe ma dị irè usoro. Na isi props maka nke a na-adịghị mkpa - a oche nke kaadị, a handikachifu, a ole na ole mkpụrụ ego ma ọ bụ chaplet. A ná mgbagwoju anya anya nke na-ege ntị, ka a oge igwe, ike nyefee artist maka millennia azụ ọtụtụ narị afọ. Ọ bụ ya mere ndị Ijipt oge ochie lere ọrụ ebube na-ewere ọnọdụ n'ime ụlọ nsọ nke Fero Ramses na 1260 BC.