Bhakti na India

Bhakti ka a okpukpe ije adị kemgbe oge ochie, kama uzo nke XIV-XV narị afọ. ị ga-achọpụta a nkọ na-abawanye na ya ewu ewu, ọdịdị nke a galaxy nke nkà ndị nkwusa, ụfọdụ ndị ọhụrụ atụmatụ na-ezi ihe. N'ezie, Islam, Sufism akpan akpan, nyere ụfọdụ kwalite revival nke na-elekọta echiche, karịsịa okpukpe. Ma na-egwuri a ọrụ na mmepe nke obodo, na-amụba mepere emepe bi, budata kpaliri guzobe nke Muslim na-ekwu, elu oyi akwa nke ukwu onye lekwasịrị anya mepere emepe ndụ. City, ndị mpako na ndị ọrụ nkà, ndị ahịa, na paupers, o doro anya na ọ dị mkpa na-akụziri, tọhapụrụ si echesinụ ememe na okpukpe Hindu, na Islam, na-agwa niile agba nke ndị bi na. Mkpa a na-eme ụfọdụ aghara n'obodo, ntoputa nke a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Muslim, Hindu ịrọ òtù, na ịrọ òtù, n'otu ya ikwesi olu ike na ihe nke okpukpe Hindu na Islam, bụ nke na-ada enupụrụ ndị a ma ama na mullahs. Mkpa a na-apụta ìhè ọdịdị dị iche iche n'ógbè India nkwusa nke bhakti.

Ramananda (mbubreyo XIV -. The mmalite nke XV narị afọ) kwusara mkpa simplification nke òtù nzuzo na-agwụ ike nke caste iwu. Ya ọrụ ikwusa ozi ọma, malitere na Negeb, na-ahụ wee na Varanasi. O keghị a nnukwu ụlọ akwụkwọ nke na-eso ụzọ, ma otu n'ime ụmụ akwụkwọ ya, a Muslim Kabnr (XV c.), Mepụtara ozizi ma mee ka ya na-agbasa. Ikwughachi na otuto na aha Chineke, nke ọ bụla nke ya aha nke Kabir - kasị kpọmkwem na ọ bụ nanị ụzọ mara Chineke ma jikota na ya. Nnabata ya na iwu nke caste na Hindu na Muslim ememe dịghị mkpa. Continuer nke ozizi Kabnra Nanak (1469-1539) kụziri Punjab. -Eso ụzọ ya Sikh (ụmụ akwụkwọ) esonyerela obodo, nke e bụghị naanị na ha isi (guru), ma ha Akwụkwọ Nsọ ( "Adi Granth"), dere akpan mepụtakwara a mkpụrụ okwu (gurmukhn), na ọbụna isi obodo ya (Amritsar).

Sikhism, kụziri na Chineke bụ otu onye, ọ dịghị aha na ụdị. The ụwa bụ ndọlị n'etiti ìhè na ọchịchịrị mmalite. Nke a na-alụ na-ewere ọnọdụ na mkpụrụ obi mmadụ. Sikhism ghọtara Hindu echiche nke kama (ịkwụ ụgwọ maka gara aga omume) na Samsara (ịlọ ụwa), ma jụrụ caste usoro na kwusara bụghị naanị ịha nhata nke niile n'ihu Chineke, kamakwa na-elekọta mmadụ ịha nhata n'ala. The Sikh e nyere ya iwu na-eduzi, azụmahịa ndụ, ilekọta ndị ezinụlọ na ọdịmma nke obodo dum, ịgbachitere okwukwe ha nwere mbụ obodo ke ogwe aka. The onye kwuo uche ọdịdị nke Sikhism ụba mgbe, mgbe iri Nanak Guru Govind (1675- 1708) kagburu Institute guru nyefeela ike na obodo (Khalsa) n'ozuzu kenyere niile Sikh aha Singh ( "ọdụm") ma gbanwee obodo dum ua agha footing.

Ọzọ ntụziaka bhakti enweghị otu ịdị ukwuu. Na Gujarat, na XV narị afọ. bụ mara ekwusa Narasimha Mehta, Kashmir - Lalla. Na Bengal na Orissa kụziiri Chaithanya (1486-1535). Ọ na-ekwu banyere ịhụnanya ma na-asọpụrụ Chineke, ihe hara nhata nke niile n'ihu ya, were obodo nile - Hindu na ndị Alakụba, Brahmins na osu. Na Maharashtra, ndị ụlọ akwụkwọ mepụtara na bhakti Pandharpur. Iji nwe Dzhianeshvara na Namdev (nke Iri na Atọ-XIV narị afọ.), Screen Nath na Tukaram (XV-XVI narị afọ.), Ramdas (na Asaa na narị afọ.). Na mpaghara nke Mathura ama ụtọ ashram (ebe obibi ndị mọnk) Valla- bhachari, nke diri onye nke founders nke uri na Hindi -Sur Das (XV-XVI narị afọ.). Na-eso Ụzọ nke bhakti bụ oké na-ede uri na Hindi Tulsi Das (1532-1624), ruo asụsụ nke oge ochie uri "Ramayana". The Mithila mere ọzọ pụrụ iche na-ede uri Vidyapati Thakur (XV c.), Nke a na-ewere dị ka a classic mithilskoy na Bengali akwụkwọ. Na Rajasthan, ọ bụ ama ama eso ụzọ Kabir, Dadu ekwusa (1544-1603). Nchoputa nke uri radzhastha- bụghị atụle Krishna poetess Mirabai (XVI na narị afọ.). Yana dịtụ buu okwukwo bhakti kee maka ihe mgbanwe. Nke ikpeazụ na-anọchi anya ọrụ nke na-ede uri Tulsi Das, anaghị enye caste hierarchy otú maa, dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ekwusa ozi ọma nke bhakti.

Njikọ nke ndị Hindu na Muslim pụtara ìhè ọ bụghị nanị na-arụ ọrụ nke bhakti na-ede uri. Ọ bụkwa na nkà - ije, sere (miniature), music, na-agba egwú. Big ọrụ XIV-XVI narị afọ. na usoro a na-egwuri site dịtụ obere sultanates, breakaway Delhi (steeti Benga- Leah, Jaunpur, Gujarat, Malwa), ebe ọrụ nke ọbịa mmewere bụ nta karịa na isi obodo nke North India, na ebe ndị ọchịchị J.Randall guzo nso n'elu nke ndị Hindu. Na XVI- Asaa ọtụtụ narị afọ., Mgbe Mughals, na n'ogige nile nwere ugbua padishahs Hindu omenala nweela a ike okwa.