Concrete haịdrọlik GOST, Ọdịdị, àgwà, Njirimara, ngwa

Maka owuwu na owuwu ndị na-na kọntaktị na mgbanwe degrees na mmiri na-achọ a pụrụ iche ihe na ike idi na corrosive mmetụta nke mmiri mmiri na-ajụ. N'ihi na ndị na-ewu nke ndị dị otú ahụ site na iji ihe haịdrọlik engineering. O nwere niile dị mkpa atụmatụ maka mma ọrụ nke wuru ụlọ ọrụ.

definition

Concrete haịdrọlik bụ nke na udi nke arọ, ọ na-eji maka owuwu nke embankments, àkwà mmiri na akụkụ ndị ọzọ, owuwu bụ mgbe ụfọdụ akụkụ ma ọ bụ kpam kpam mikpuru n'ime mmiri, ma ọ bụ nwere na kọntaktị na ya.

A atụmatụ nke ihe onwunwe bụ ya ike na ịnọgide na-enwe ya mbụ e ji mara na ike ike na gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na-enweghị mbenata àgwà na ike nke ụgbọelu mmewere. Ụfọdụ ọrụ, dị ka ike, vozdnoy ajụ-abawanye na oge ma na-eguzosi ike n'ezi na Ọdịdị nke nkume.

nhazi ọkwa

E nwere ụfọdụ set nke chọrọ ka zutere ihe haịdrọlik engineering. GOST 26633-2012 "Ihe ike na ezi-na-grained. Nkọwa "achịkwakwa àgwà nke ngwakọta mmiri na Njirimara nke mmiri nke okokụre ngwọta. The akwụkwọ bụ ihe mba agwa, ọ were 8 mba.

Dị ka GOST, ihe haịdrọlik ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ iche iche dị ka ogo imikpu ikpughe na otu okenye na-ajụ:

1. Overwater.
2. Mmiri n'okpuru osimiri.
3. N'ihi na a na-abụghị ndị na-adịgide adịgide mmiri larịị.

On olu nke ihe onwunwe site na aghụghọ na-ekewa n'ime:

1. Oke - mgbagwoju shapes na nnukwu cell nha, Bilie mkpumkpu hardening na okpomọkụ.
2. Nonmassive - mfe imewe na obere akụkụ.

Dị ka ike ihe na obi tara mmiri ihe:

1. Maka mgbali na usoro.
2. N'ihi na ndị na-abụghị nsogbu ọcha.

Ọzọ nhazi ọkwa na-iche ebe ihe ngwa:

1. N'ihi na esịtidem owuwu (ha na-erughị ewekarị leaching, mmiri nsogbu, ma ga idi static ikpughe).
2. N'ihi na mpụga ihe na-ebupụta (mmiri dị otú ahụ na-emetụta n'ọrụ ije na a na-abụghị ndị na-adịgide adịgide chemical ndabere).

mejupụtara ngwakọta

The ngwọta ga izute chọrọ nke GOST maka nkume zuru ezu ekweghị ekwe, ike na nchekwa. àgwà akara niile mmiri na-eme ka haịdrọlik ihe. Mejupụtara nke ngwakọta:

1. The isi akụrụngwa - a nragide. N'ihi eguzogide ike ike mmiri mmetụta iji sulphate eguzogide ciment. N'ihi AC larịị imikpu iri hydrophobic ma ọ bụ na Nsonye nke plasticizing nwekwara. N'oge ndị ọzọ, ndị pozzolan, slag ma ọ bụ Portland ciment.
2. Fine nchịkọta - quartz ájá, ọ enwekwu ndị na-eguzogide nke ihe ka mmiri. O kwesịghị ịbụ na-emighị emi adịghị na irighiri - mmiri ọnọdụ atụgharị nwere ike budata imeda ihe.
3. Ntụ nchịkọta - gravel na-echi ọnụ n'ala nkume sedimentary na igneous nkume. Nke a bụ ukwuu hydrophobic, ntu oyi. Òtù nkume na-adabere na oru e ji mara nke ihe ngwa agha na-achọrọ iji rụọ ọrụ n'okpuru kpọmkwem ọnọdụ. Ụdị dịanyā kwesịrị nnukwu na convex flakiness rubble ma ọ bụ gravel nwere ala ume.
4. Nwekwara - improvers Njirimara nke ngwọta. Ha dịkwuo iguzogide okpomọkụ agbanwe nkume, mmiri ike ike mmetụta, belata okpomọkụ dị ka o kwesịrị ekwesị, gbochie ọdịdị cracks.

Njirimara nke niile mmiri ha na kwa, kpọmkwem Nwa nke ngwọta kwuru na ndị na-azọrọ 3 GOST 26633-2012. Nnabata ga-rụrụ ọ bụla mmepụta, njikere mix na-enweta akwụkwọ dị ka ọkọlọtọ.

technical e ji mara

The ihe onwunwe nwere a plurality nke umu. Ha na-akwanyere ya ùgwù site ha mejupụtara na Njirimara, nke kwesịrị obladat ihe haịdrọlik engineering. Nka na ụzụ e ji mara-adabere na ika na ụdị Ọdịdị. Isi nchegbu compressive ike, flexural axial ndinyanade mbịne, oyi na-eguzogide ma hydrophobicity. The na-arụ ọrụ ihe ngwọta na-ahọrọ plurality of data udu, ebe ọ bụ na Njirimara nke ọ bụla ogbe nwere ike ịdị iche iche, nke bụ adịghị anakwere n'ihi na a nyere ihe onwunwe.

ike

The mbụ na kasị mkpa - uru nke mkpakọ eguzogide, ebe ọ bụ na ọtụtụ ihe owuwu na-enwe ike vetikal ibu site na olu nke ụlọ n'elu.

Concrete ike kpebisiri site ule cube ọgbọ na ịlele ya nrụgide. The prototype na-nọ n'agbata 28 na 180 ụbọchị maka mmezi ya. N'ihe banyere haịdrọlik foto cube e debere na mmiri na obi oge.

Ule rụrụ n'okpuru nduzi nke agha ka cracking.

Dị ka otu nnyocha si ihe na klas award V3,5 na B60. The kasị ahụkarị ụdị B10-B40.

Ike ọdụdọ na flexural

Design, nke na-adịghị emetụta vetikal ibu, bụ isiokwu ndị ọzọ mmetụta - axial erughị ala na-ekwe. Iji ghọta ma na ihe ga-idi dị otú ahụ nje, ọ na-enyocha na laabu. Mark ike ọdụdọ - Bt0,4 ... 4,0.

impermeability

Kpebisiri ike na ime nnyocha na ludo-samples nke otu afọ, na nke mbụ ahụ. Ihe kachasi mkpa nke ule bụ nwayọọ nwayọọ dịkwuo mmiri nrụgide ya seepage site na ihe ahu. Dị ka N'ihi nke nkume kenyere ika waterproofing W2-20.

N'ihi na corrosive mmiri nke oké osimiri gburugburu ebe obibi, na-eji akwa-mgbali haịdrọlik engineering ihe na-erughị W4.

ntu oyi-eguzogide

Na ọnọdụ nke elu iru mmiri na-elekwasị anya okpomọkụ mgbanwe ikike wụsa mmiri. Dị ka a maara, mmụba nke mmiri mmiri crystallizes na-akpata mmebi nke ụlọ ihe, na nke ọ bụ ike banye n'ime. Iji zere nke a na-ahụ Ọdịdị na ngwọta na mmepụta nke haịdrọlik tinye pụrụ iche nwekwara na plasticizers na-amụba na-eguzogide nke ihe iji mee.

Brand ntu oyi F-egosi otú ọtụtụ zuru ezu cycles nke kefriza na thawing nwere ike idi ihe atụ nke ọnwụ nke ike abụghị ihe karịrị 15%. Iji a ngwakọta nke haịdrọlik engineering ule rụrụ site kpo oku ya mmiri, na-esikwa n'ime ice.

Dị ka nnyocha e mere hydrophobic ihe akara na ntu oyi kenyere F50-300.

improvers ngwakọta

Tensile Njirimara, mmiri na-eguzogide ma na ntu oyi na-eguzogide osụhọde ke nzọụkwụ nke agwakọta ihe ngwọta na osisi. Special Njirimara na-kpebisie ike site haịdrọlik ihe salts nke dị iche iche ọla na mejupụtara ogige.

Nwekwara modifiers na-ekewa n'ime 2 iche iche.

Group m ebelata mmiri absorption ka 5 ugboro n'obi imecha oru ngo na-agwọ 28 ụbọchị. N'etiti ndị kasị mee:

• Feniletoksisiloksan 113-63 (mbụ FES-50).
• AMCP-3 (Russia) sodium Alyumometilsilikonat.
• "Layer" (Russia).
• Gidrobeton (EU).
• Addiment DM 2 (Germany).
• Liga Natriumoleat 90 (Russia).
• Sikagard-702 W-Aquahod (Switzerland).

Naa dị ike otu II (Mbelata aka 2-4,8 ugboro). Ya ngwa bụ mee ka agwakọta a n'elu ihe:

• Polyhydrosiloxanes 136-157M (bụbu GCJ-94M) na 136-41 (bụbu GCJ-94).
• "Divisional Ọchịagha-C."
• Stavinor Zn EU Stavinor Ca PSE.
• HIDROFOB E (Slovenia).
• Cementol E (Slovenia).
• Sikalite (Switzerland).
• Sikagard-700S (Switzerland).

Group III ga anaghị emetụta na e kere eke nke haịdrọlik ihe. The nwekwara belata mmiri absorption ruo 2 ugboro.

ọzọ Njirimara

Mgbe ahọpụta a na-arụ ọrụ mix n'ime akaụntụ bụghị nanị na isi e ji mara haịdrọlik ihe, ma ndị ọzọ na parameters:

• The ego nke shrinkage.
• Iguzogide deformation.
• Ogo nke iguzogide mmiri eruba na mgbapụta nsogbu.

E nweghị otu Ntụziaka maka haịdrọlik ihe: ọ bụla ikpe, n'ime akaụntụ chemical mejupụtara nke mmiri, ego nke nsogbu na ndị ọzọ ibu. Na dị na fillers na nwekwara na-eji, ndị ruru eru nke huu pụrụ ịdabere na ime ga-eme n'ọdịnihu nkume.

ngwa

Ịtọ ngwọta n'okpuru a mmiri esite - ọ bụ na mfe. Ọ na-wụsara buru ibu iji zere mkpumkpu hardening na ozize. N'ihi ọdịdị nke na-ebikwasị ahụ solidifying imewe thermal nsogbu ime na iche na mkpa ịgbanwe. Iji zere ekpo oke ọkụ na akaghi deformation nke udi, plasticizers agbakwunyere na ngwọta, na pụrụ iche iche nke ciment:

• Pozzolan.
• Slag.
• The hydrophobic.

Maka owuwu nke offshore owuwu mee ihe haịdrọlik engineering. Ya iji nile:

• Bridges, ha na-akwado ma ogidi ntụhie.
• Ndokwa nwee ume embankments na n'ikpere mmiri mgbidi ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

• Ọdọ mmiri na ha ọkwá na gbara ya gburugburu ebe.
• Mgbidi manholes na akụ.
• Ụzọ ụgbọ oloko tunnels.
• Nka na ụzụ ụlọ ọrụ: dams, hydroelectric ike ụgbọ, breakwaters.

Na dispensation nke haịdrọlik ihe nke ala akara na-eji jupụta na okpuru ulo na a elu larịị nke ala ma ọ bụ a ọkpụrụkpụ dobe na oge nke agbaze snow na oké mmiri ozuzo.