Environmental nsogbu na ebe nke Arctic desat. Environmental nsogbu na ha na-akpata

The Arctic enyene ebe na elu latitudes, ókè nke bụ Arctic gburugburu. Na-emebi emebi ilekota nke region nwere a-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke eke ihe na ụmụ mmadụ na-eme. Isiokwu a na-depụtara ụfọdụ nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ebe nke Arctic n'ọzara, na dum mpaghara, gụnyere Arctic Ocean na n'oké osimiri nile, n'ókè-ala-na isuo.

The nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Arctic

Natural na obodo atụmatụ nke mba metụtara na ya ọnọdụ dị elu latitudes na predominance nke aquatic ilekota. Na 1991, ndị ọchịchị nke mba na ókèala n'ime Arctic gburugburu, ịmụta a atụmatụ iji chebe gburugburu ebe obibi nke Arctic. Mgbe 5 afọ, e banyere Ottawa Declaration ma guzosie ike na Arctic Council. The isi ihe nke ya na-arụ ọrụ ndị metụtara adigide mmepe nke Arctic mpaghara. The ẹdude UN gburugburu ebe obibi omume, ya bụ, UNEP achoputala isi nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi:

• mmetọ nke Arctic n'oké osimiri site na mmanụ ngwaahịa;
• okpomọkụ n'ụwa, na-eduga na-agbaze nke pola ice okpu;
• ntọt ke ịkụ azụ na ndị ọzọ Erimeri mmepụta;
• na-agbanwe agbanwe na gburugburu ebe obibi nke ntule na Arctic;
• Mbelata pola anụmanụ bi;
• kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mbupu.

mgbanwe ihu igwe

Map mpaghara arctic desert ugbu a ji site obere ebe na n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Greenland na Eurasia, North America, akipelago na agwaetiti nke Arctic Ocean. The na-eme nnyocha na-arụ ụka na nkezi ikuku okpomọkụ na Arctic gburugburu na-egosi na-amụba ngwa ngwa karịa ndị ọzọ na mpaghara. Nke a esesịn mere ka a gụnyere ya ná mpaghara nke eke ebe, na-eme n'ọdịnihu, ọ pụrụ n'anya.

The idụhe bụ Okpomoku na map mpaghara arctic desert n'ebe nile dochie tundra. Ọ egwu ikpochapu nke ọtụtụ ụdị ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi na-emegharị ka ẹdude okpomọkụ egosi. Lives of amaala Arctic iche iche, kwa, bụ n'ihe ize ndụ, n'ihi na ndụ nke ndị bi na ruo ọtụtụ narị afọ guzobere imekọ ihe ọnụ na ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi.

The agbaze nke Arctic ice na snow

Russian Hydrometeorological Service maka 30 gara aga, e nwere kemgbe a Mbelata ice ebe n'oké osimiri nke dị n'ebe ugwu. Ọnụego agbaze abawanyele na iri afọ gara aga nke XX narị afọ. Na otu nnyocha oge kpughere a gụnyere ya ná ọkpụrụkpụ nke ice cover 2 ugboro. Ọkachamara kweere na na N'ezie nke XXI narị afọ, ndị a Filiks-anọgide na. Environmental nsogbu ga-enwe nnukwu n'oké osimiri nile, ka ihe atụ, mmiri Arctic ohere n'oge okpomọkụ ga-fọrọ nke nta kpamkpam free nke ice. Na mbụ, a ga-emeghe on osimiri efere nke Arctic Ocean. The mgbanwe ga-emetụta nnukwu ebe na a anya nke otu narị otu narị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ puku kilomita site n'ụsọ oké osimiri.

Mmetọ nke ikuku na mmiri

Key gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu ke mpaghara nke arctic desert na tundra na-metụtara nyefe nke ikuku pụta si mepere n'ógbè n'ebe ugwu ọdịda anyanwụ Russia, Central na Northern Europe. E nwere a ọnwụ nke na-akpọ acid mmiri ozuzo na - okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke sọlfọ na nitrogen oxides. Ndị dị otú ahụ ego imetụta dum na-emebi emebi ilekota Arctic ibibi a mkpa oyi akwa nke ala na tundra, imetụta mmiri ọrụ nke ntule na-anọchi anya na atụmatụ n'okpuru.

Ndị bụ isi mmetọ, kenjo nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi na ebe nke arctic desert - na-egwupụta na iga. The mpaghara na-nwere agha bases na ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ nhazi eke ngwaọrụ. The ilekota nke ọdịda:

• umu anwuru na effluents nke ulo oru ụlọ ọrụ na ọha utilities;
• mmepụta nri na nhazi nke hydrocarbons (mmanụ na gas);
• arọ ọla na ndị ọzọ n'efu nke Metallurgical mmepụta;
• ụfọdụ nsi (phenol, amonia na ndị ọzọ);
• ọtụtụ pollutants si ala gbara osimiri okirikiri bases;
• n'efu mmiri na-arụ ọrụ na mmanụ nuklia.

Amụma nke gburugburu ebe obibi na ọnọdụ na Arctic

Ọkachamara kweere na ke edere edere pola n'ógbè ụwa, arctic desert mpaghara akpan akpan, ga-anọgide na-gụrụ ike anthropogenic mmetọ. Dịkwuo ego nke ọrụ na continental shelf, ebe mmanụ na njem nke eke ego ndị na-ama kpamkpam underway. Ọtụtụ iri puku ndị mmanụ derricks imipu mmanụ Arctic, dị ka gburugburu ebe obibi òtù, ọ bụla nke abụọ nke ha ime leakage nke ngwaọrụ.

Environmental nsogbu na arctic desert mpaghara. ọnwụ nke biodiversity

The fauna nke oyi oké mbara Arctic gburugburu na-anọchi anya a obere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mammalian umu. Akpụ akpụ na amphibians na mpaghara a na-anọghị. The ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ụdị nnụnụ bụ ihe 4 ugboro elu karịa nke mammals. Nke a na-kọwara site elu agagharị nke ụmụ nnụnụ, ha n'oge a kara migrations, ikike na-akpagharị karịrị anya na search nri. On agwaetiti na n'ụsọ oké osimiri, ebe e nwere obere ebe nke arctic desert, na fauna na-anọchi anya mammals na nnụnụ. E nwere walruses, akàrà, pola bea, arctic nkịta ọhịa, lemmings. The kasị ọtụtụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke Waterfowl - a ọbọgwụ, eider ọbọgwụ, guillemot na auks.

Environmental nsogbu na arctic desert mpaghara metụtara na "rookeries" - ọhụrụ ìgwè nnụnụ. Ha na-adịghị ike n'ihi na mbupu na-achọ ha ka ha chebe, karịsịa n'oge ozuzu oge.

Nature nchekwaba na Arctic gburugburu

Ọkachamara na-ekwu na ịrịba ihe ojoo na-emebi emebi ilekota nke Arctic akpata ịchụ nta. Ka ihe atụ, chụọ dị na mmiri metụtara Russia kwa afọ na-arụpụta banyere 300 polar bea.

Ndị ọzọ na gburugburu ebe obibi egwu na mpaghara, na-achọ ceaseless anya nke gburugburu ebe obibi na òtù:

• imebi gburugburu ebe obibi;
• amụba mmadụ mgbali;
• dịkwuo ego nke mkpofu nsogbu;
• mgbanwe ihu igwe.

N'out oge na agbaze nke ice ebe a na-ebelata permafrost, e nwere dị ize ndụ hydrometeorological phenomena na osimiri nke a ọdọ mmiri. Native na ọbịa bi na Arctic gburugburu nwekwara arịa mmetọ ngwangwa ọdịdị nke mpaghara. The nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi nke Arctic nwere bụghị naanị na mpaghara, ma zuru ụwa ọnụ pụtara. Na Russian Federation maka ichebe anụ ọhịa, na-echebe uwa si mmetọ na-eweda ha ala kere Arctic mee. The kasị ibu nke ha: Kandalaksha, Great Arctic, Wrangel Island, Taimyr.