Gịnị na-ohuru na usoro ndu? Isi nkebi nke translation

Gịnị na-ohuru na usoro ndu? Ịgbaso transcription ọ bụ akụkụ nke abụọ nke etiti malitere izi ozizi nke molekụla bayoloji, nke na-akọwa na ojiji nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu n'ihi na imewe nke n'agbụ nke amino asịd.

Broadcast na RNA ụmụ irighiri

Atọ bụ isi molekụla klas nke ribonucleic acid (RNA) na-aka na ngosipụta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-itinye na koodu na dezokseribonukleinovoy acid (DNA) nke cell. Ha bụ:

• ozi RNA (mRNA)
• Portable RNA (tRNA)
• ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Mgbe ị na-ohuru a ọrụ pụrụ iche na-egwuri site mbụ na nke abụọ na ụdị RNA.

translation ụkpụrụ

Na bayoloji na agbasa ozi n'ikuku bụ a mgbagwoju usoro n'oge nke nke ozi dị n'ime a molekul nke RNA (mRNA), a protein na-synthesized. The usoro nke mRNA na-agụ site na iji mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu. N'oké translation etịbe ke Ọdịdị akpọ ribosome nke bụ ụdị nke factory maka protein njikọ. Nke a cell organelle nwere obere na nnukwu subunit na bụ a mgbagwoju molekul esịnede ọtụtụ ribosomal RNA ụmụ irighiri ihe, ma na-a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke na-edozi.

Gịnị na-ohuru na usoro ndu?

Broadcast bụ nzọụkwụ nke abụọ mgbe transcription. N'oge ndị a Filiks, mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa koodu tọghatara n'ime amino asịd na-Igbere site peptide agbụ. n'agbụ nke amino asịd na-akpọ polypeptides, na-emi odude n'ime ribosomes, obere organelles na akpọ ọrụ dị mkpa na usoro nke na protein njikọ. Nwere ike kọwaa dị: bayoloji translation - a cellular usoro nke a yinye amino asịd na-kpụrụ nyopụta. Protein njikọ pụtara na cytoplasm, ebe ribosomes na-emi odude.

Gịnị na-ohuru na usoro ndu na eziokwu na-kpọkọtara polypeptide? E nwere ihe atọ dị mkpa nzọụkwụ - nnabata, elongation na nchupu. Ndị okwu na-eji na transcription na-akọwa ihe e kere eke nke RNA yinye nkebi.

Efu na-adọ na-ewere Rụọ ọrụ, mgbe chọrọ amino acid na-covalently ewee a kwesịrị ekwesị RNA (tRNA) na-aghọ "ebubo". Ọ bụ ezie na ọ bụghị nyochawa a nzọụkwụ translation, a nzọụkwụ dịkwa mkpa, nakwa dị ka ihe niile ndị sochiri. Ya mere, tụlee nkebi nke translation na usoro ndu ọzọ nju:

1. Mmalite. Mgbe a na ogbo, ndị mRNA bụ mmasị na tRNA, nke bụ mmasị si amino acid. All ọnụ, ha na-n'otu ribosome.
2. Elongation. Nke a elongation site Tụkwasị na nke amino asịd na-esonyere guzobe peptide agbụ. N'ikpeazụ kere polypeptide. agbakwunye usoro na-aga n'ihu ugboro ugboro ka ogologo dị ka yinye adịghị eru ya ịgba, nke bụ banyere otu narị amino asịd.
3. Nchupu. Mgbe ọgwụgwụ mgbaàmà na-natara biosynthesis, a polypeptide na-kewapụrụ n'ebe ndị ribosome. Mgbe a tọhapụrụ ọhụrụ protein, na nso nke Broadcasting oge izu.

Ọkaibe na ezi usoro

Gịnị na-ohuru na usoro ndu? Nke a bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju na n'otu oge ijuanya a haziri nke ọma na ezi usoro na-agụnye a otutu mmiri. All ije, mmeghachi omume na ndị ọzọ na manipulations n'ụzọ zuru okè achikota. Akakabarede nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-edozi n'ụzọ na abụọ n'ụzọ: transcription na translation. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na mgbe mbụ ọ dịghị protein njikọ adịghị ime enweghị nke abụọ ọ gaghị ekwe omume.

Broadcast bụ akụkụ ikpeazụ na mmejuputa ọmụma na mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa larịị. Usoro a nwere ike na-na-ebe ke ndụ, na ọ bụ nnọọ ike karịa gara aga matriks njikọ replication na transcription. The translation-agụnye nile di iche iche nke RNA, orú iche iche nke amino asịd, dị iche iche na enzymes na na. Akara ererimbot center nke niile ihe ndị dị otú eme cellular organelle, na ribosome.

The ijuanya eziokwu bụ nchikota nke niile inwe mmekọrịta ọcha nke protein biosynthesis: na specificity nke ọtụtụ enzymes na-iji na ibe ude na molekụla larịị. Ọbụna mmadụ na mberede chọpụtara ọdịda na njehie-ntabi-tutu amama site enzymes, nke, ụkpụrụ, n'ihi na ha na adịghị eme.

bara uru imekọ ihe ọnụ

Ka cellular ribosome akpụ akpụ tinyere ozi RNA, na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ tọhapụrụ ya mmalite site, sonyeere a dị iche iche ribosome. Na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ organelles arụ ọrụ n'otu oge na otu molekul, pụrụ iru ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri. N'ihi ya, naanị otu isi matriks na-eji synthesize a dịgasị iche iche nke molekụla duplekatov polypeptide. a bara uru imekọ ihe ọnụ a na-akpọ polyribosomes (polysomes).

Dabere na ihe ụdị edozi na-chọrọ akpan akpan cell ma ọ bụ organism dị ka a dum, e nwere a multi-polypeptide biosynthesis mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa na-achịkwa ụfọdụ usoro iwu usoro, nke seamlessly na anọgide na-arụ ọrụ na ụfọdụ nkebi nke ntọhapụ nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa ozi, gụnyere n'oge na agbasa ozi n'ikuku.