Inductance: nke usoro. The-amata ọtụtụ inductance. inductance loop

Ndị na-amụ physics n'ụlọ akwụkwọ? N'ihi na ụfọdụ, ọ bụ na-akpali ma ihe kwere nghọta, ebe ndị ọzọ pored n'elu akwụkwọ, na-agbalị buo mgbagwoju echiche. Ma onye ọ bụla n'ime anyị na-echeta na ụwa na-dabeere na anụ ahụ na ihe ọmụma. Taa, anyị na-ekwu okwu banyere echiche dị ka inductance nke ugbu a loop inductance, ma chọpụta ihe bụ capacitors na nke ahụ bụ solenoid.

Eletriki circuit na inductance

Inductance-eje ozi iji mara na magnetik Njirimara nke eletriki circuit. A na-akpọ ndị ọnụọgụ nke proportionality n'etiti ugbu a na eletrik eruba na a mechiri emechi magnetik circuit. Nke a ugbu a na-eruba na-eme site na loop n'elu. Ọzọ definition na-ekwu na inductance nke a circuit oke na-ekpebi onwe onye na-itinye n'ọkwa EMF. Okwu a na-eji na-egosi na circuit mmewere na nwere ndị e ji mara nke onwe-itinye n'ọkwa mmetụta nke e meghere na D. Henry M. Faraday onwe ha. The inductance metụtara na ụdị, size na ngwe uru nke magnetik permeability nke gbara ya gburugburu na gburugburu ebe obibi. Na SI nkeji, a bara uru na-tụrụ na Henry, na a na-denoted ka L.

Na odomo inductance nke inductance

A na-akpọ inductance uru, nke bụ ihe ruru nke magnetik agbanwe oge eru site niile coils ka a circuit amperage:

• L = N x F: I.

The inductance nke circuit bụ dabere na udi, size na ngwe nke magnetik Njirimara nke na-ajụ na nke ọ na-emi odude. Ọ bụrụ na ndị na-emechi-akaghị eletrik aga, e nwere a na-agbanwe agbanwe ndọta. Nke a ekemende iduga ntoputa nke EMF. The ọmụmụ nke rata ugbu a na mechiri emechi akaghị a na-akpọ "onwe-inductance". Dị ka Lenz si achị adịghị agbanwe uru nke ugbu a na circuit. Ọ bụrụ na ndị inductance ahụrụ, ọ bụ omume na-eme ihe electric circuit, nke a resistor gụnyere ke ukem na eriri igwe na ígwè isi. Anọgide na ha ejikọrọ na electric oriọna. Na nke a, ndị na-eguzogide nke resistor bụ hà DC eriri igwe. N'ihi ga-abụ na-egbuke egbuke ọkụ oriọna. Na onu nke onwe-itinye n'ọkwa bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ebe na ngwá electronic na ọkụ eletrik.

Olee otú ịchọta inductance

The usoro, nke bụ nanị chọta uru, ndị na-esonụ:

• L = F: m,

ebe F - magnetik agbanwe oge, m - ugbu a na circuit.

Site inductor nwere ike owụt dị ka onwe na-akpata EMF:

• Ei = -L x di: Dt.

Site usoro ọgwụgwụ bụ space hara nhata itinye n'ọkwa electromotive ike nke pụtara na akaghị mgbe ugbu a ike na otu ammeter n'ihi na otu onye nke abụọ.

The agbanwe inductance na-eme ka o kwe omume na-ahụ ike nke ndọta:

• W = Li ^2: 2.

"Spool nke eri"

The inductor bụ gwara mmanụ na ọla kọpa waya ọnya na a ndabere siri ike. Ma mkpuchi, mgbe ahụ, oke nke ihe onwunwe bụ dum - a ntu na waya mkpuchi, na ákwà. The ịdị ukwuu nke magnetik agbanwe oge na-adabere na square cylinder. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-amụba ugbu a na eriri igwe, na ndọta ga-aghọ ihe na Anglịkan.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-etinye ihe eletrik na eriri igwe, mgbe ahụ, e ebilite a voltaji abụghị voltaji, kama ọ na mberede kpamkpam. Nke a na ụdị nchegbu na-akpọ electromotive ike nke onwe-itinye n'ọkwa. Mgbe oge nke energization na eriri igwe ugbu a ike na-agbanwe ya uru site 0 ka a ụfọdụ ọnụ ọgụgụ. The voltaji na a nwere a uru mgbanwe dị ka Ohm iwu:

• M = U: R,

ebe m ji mara amperage, U - egosi voltaji, R - eguzogide nke eriri igwe.

Ọzọ pụrụ iche mma nke eriri igwe bụ ndị na-esonụ bụ eziokwu: Ọ bụrụ na ị na-emeghe circuit "eriri igwe - ugbu a iyi," na EMF ga-atụkwasịkwara na nchegbu. Ugbu a na-amalite na-eto eto, na mgbe ahụ na-amalite na-ojuju. N'ihi ya mbụ iwu nke commutation, nke na-ekwu na nke ugbu a na inductor adịghị agbanwe instantaneously.

Eriri igwe nwere ike kewara abụọ na ụdị:

1. Na magnetik n'ọnụ. ferrites na ígwè ọrụ dị ka a obi ihe. The cores ozi dịkwuo inductance.
2. Na-abụghị magnetik. Ji ikpe ebe inductance nke karịa ise MH.

The ngwaọrụ dị iche n'ọdịdị na esịtidem Ọdịdị. Dabere na ndị dị otú ahụ kwa bụ eriri igwe inductance. The usoro na nke ọ bụla bụ dị iche iche. Ka ihe atụ, inductance ga-hà otu-oyi akwa coils:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Na ugbu a, n'ihi multilayer ọzọ usoro:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Key Nchoputa jikọtara ọrụ coils:

1. On a cylindrical ferrite nnukwu inductance emee n'etiti.
2. Nke kacha inductance ga anya emerụ windings na spool.
3. The inductance nke nta, nta ọtụtụ ibe.
4. The toroidal isi anya n'etiti ibe nke eriri igwe dịghị mkpa.
5. The inductance uru na-adabere na "ibe há nhata."
6. Ọ bụrụ na ndị inductor ejikọrọ na usoro isiokwu a, ha mkpokọta uru bụ nchikota nke inductances.
7. Mgbe ejikọrọ ke ukem, i kwesịrị ijide n'aka na ndị inductance na-spaced na osisi. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ha na-agba akaebe ga-ekwesịghị ịdị n'ihi na ibe mmetụta nke magnetik ubi.

solenoid

N'okpuru a echiche na-ezo aka a cylindrical eriri igwe waya na ike ga-emerụ na otu ma ọ bụ karịa n'ígwé. a cylinder ogologo n'ụzọ dị ukwuu karịa n'obosara. N'ihi dị otú ahụ e ji mara mgbe ihe ọkụ ugbu a na solenoid oghere mụrụ ndọta. The ọnụego mgbanwe nke magnetik agbanwe oge proportional nke ugbu a mgbanwe. The inductance nke eriri igwe na nke a na gbakọọ dị ka ndị a:

• DF: Dt = L DL: Dt.

Ọbụna ụdị coils akpọ electromechanical actuator na retractable isi. Na nke a, na solenoid na-ọnọ na mpụga ferromagnetic magnetik isi - na yoke.

N'oge anyị a, ngwaọrụ nwere ike ikpokọta hydraulics na ngwá electronic. Dabere na nke a, mepụtara anọ ụdị:

• Nke mbụ bụ ike ịchịkwa akara nsogbu.
• The abụọ nlereanya bụ dị iche iche site na ndị ọzọ na-amanye n'iru mkpọchi-up ipigide na torque Ntụgharị.
• The atọ nlereanya na ya mejupụtara nwere mgbali regulators, maka ọrụ mgbanwe.
• The anọ a na-achịkwa hydraulically ma ọ bụ valves.

The mkpa ngụkọta oge formulas maka

Iji chọta inductance nke eriri igwe, nke usoro eji bụ dị ka ndị:

• L = μ0n ² V,

ebe μ0 egosi magnetik permeability nke a agụụ, n - bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe, V - olu nke solenoid.

Ọzọkwa gbakọọ eriri igwe inductance dị ka o kwere na na-enyemaka nke ọzọ usoro:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

ebe S - bụ cross-sectional ebe na l - ogologo nke solenoid.

Iji chọta inductance nke eriri igwe, a usoro a na-eji, ọ bụla na adabara ihe ngwọta nsogbu a.

Arụ ọrụ na AC na DC

The ndọta na-eme n'ime eriri igwe, duziri tinyere axis na hà:

• B = μ0nI,

ebe μ0 - permeability nke agụụ bụ, n - bụ ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe, na m - ugbu a uru.

Mgbe ugbu a na-aga site na solenoid, na eriri igwe na-echekwa ume nke bụ hà na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa ka iru ugbu a. Gbakọọ inductance na nke a, usoro eji bụ dị ka ndị:

• E = Li ^2: 2

ebe L egosi inductance uru, na E - echekwara ike.

Self-itinye n'ọkwa electromotive ike na-adị mgbe ugbu a na solenoid.

N'ihe banyere AC ọrụ na-egosi ihe nwetụ ndọta. Ntụziaka nke ike nke mma nwere ike ịdị iche iche, na ike ịnọgide na-agbanweghi agbanwe. Na nke mbụ ahụ na-adị mgbe eji solenoid ka solenoid. Na nke abụọ, mgbe armature ka nke magnetik ihe onwunwe. Solenoid nwetụ ugbu a nwere impedance, nke a gụnyere ke asọfe-eguzogide ma na ya inductance.

Kacha nkịtị ojiji nke solenoids nke mbụ ụdị (DC) - a translational ike dị ka ndị actuator. The ike na-adabere na Ọdịdị nke isi na shei. Ihe Nlereanya bụ ojiji nke mkpa mgbe ịcha ọrụ ndenye ego na ego registers, Motors na valves na haịdrọlik usoro, gbachiri taabụ. Solenoids nke abụọ ụdị na-eji dị ka inductors maka itinye n'ọkwa kpo oku na crucible furnaces.

oscillatory na sekit na sekit

The mfe nke resonant circuit bụ a Oghere Usoro oscillating circuit, esịnede inductor coils na-gụnyere na capacitor site na nke ihe nwetụ ugbu aga. Iji chọpụta inductance nke eriri igwe, nke usoro eji bụ dị ka ndị:

• XL = W x L,

ebe XL egosi reactance eriri igwe, na W - okirikiri ugboro.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji a reactive impedance nke capacitor, mgbe usoro ga-ele anya dị ka nke a:

Xc = 1: W x C.

Mkpa e ji mara nke oscillation circuit bụ resonant ugboro, e ji mara impedance na Q nke circuit. The mbụ e ji mara ugboro ebe loop eguzogide bụ n'ọrụ. The abụọ na-egosi otú ndị reactance na resonant ugboro n'etiti ndị dị otú ahụ ụkpụrụ dị ka ndị capacitance na inductance nke oscillating circuit. The atọ e ji mara na-ekpebi njupụta na obosara nke njupụta ugboro ji mara (ugboro nzaghachi) nke resonance ma na-egosi akụkụ echekwara ike na circuit tụnyere ike weere kwa oscillation oge. The ugboro ole Njirimara nke art na sekit na sekit na-tụrụ iji ugboro omume. Na nke a, sekit a na-ewere dị ka a quadripole. Mgbe image uru bụ grafụ voltaji loop uru (K). Nke a bara uru na-egosi na ruru nke mmepụta voltaji ka ọsọ ọsọ. N'ihi na sekit na sekit na-adịghị na-agụnye ike isi mmalite dị iche iche mkwado ọcha, na ọnụọgụ uru dị ukwuu karịa n'otu. Ọ na-efu mgbe na frequencies dị iche iche si resonance circuit nwere a elu-eguzogide uru. Ọ bụrụ na nke kacha nta na-eguzogide uru, na ọnụọgụ bụ nso n'otu.

Na a yiri resonant circuit agụnye abụọ ugboelu so na dị iche iche ike reactivity. The ojiji nke ụdị circuit egosi ihe ọmụma na a yiri circuit ọcha mkpa iji tinye na ha conductivity, ma ọ bụghị ndị na-eguzogide. Mgbe resonant ugboro nke n'ozuzu conductivity nke circuit bụ hà efu, na-egosi na infinitely nnukwu AC eguzogide. N'ihi na a circuit na nke na-agụnye ihe yiri capacitance (C), na-eguzogide (R) na inductance, usoro na-ejikọ ha na àgwà na-akpata (Q), dị ka ndị a:

• Q = R√C: L.

Na-arụ ọrụ, ndị ahụ yiri ibe circuit n'otu oge nke oscillation emee ugboro abụọ ume mgbanwe n'etiti ndị condenser na eriri igwe. Na nke a, a loop ugbu a, nke bụ nke ukwu elu karịa na nke ugbu a bara uru mpụga circuit.

capacitor ọrụ

The ngwaọrụ bụ a abụọ-osisi ala conductivity na na a na agbanwe ma ọ bụ mgbe nile capacitance uru. Mgbe capacitor na-adịghị ebubo, ya iguzogide bụ nso efu, ma ọ bụ hà ebighebi. Ọ bụrụ na ndị ike isi iyi na-ná mgbagwoju si mmewere, ọ na-aghọ na iyi ya n'ahụ. Iji capacitor na ngwá electronic bụ ọrụ nzacha na wepu mkpọtụ. The ngwaọrụ ike onunu maka ike na sekit na sekit na-eji na-eri nri na usoro na nnukwu ibu. Nke a na-adabere ihe mmewere nwere ikike ruo a agbanwe akụrụngwa, ma na nke ugbu a na-ejighị n'aka. The elu ugboro akụrụngwa, ndị na-erughị na-eguzogide ndị capacitor. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị condenser nnukota onu niile mkpọtụ nke na-aga n'elu nke DC.

Eguzogide mmewere na-adabere na capacitance. N'ihi nke a, ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-etinye capacitors dị iche iche na ibu bulie ụdị mkpọtụ. N'ihi na ike nke ngwaọrụ ruo kpọmkwem ugbu a nanị n'oge odori nke usoro iheomume nke ya iji dị ka ihe mmewere na a generator ma ọ bụ dị ka a usu shaping unit.

Capacitors abịa na ọtụtụ ụdị. Tumadi ji nhazi ọkwa nke dielectric ụdị, ebe a oke-ekpebi nke kwụsiri ike nke capacitance, mkpuchi na-eguzogide na na. Systematization nke a ịdị ukwuu bụ dị ka ndị:

1. Capacitors na a gaseous dielectric.
2. Agụụ.
3. Na mmiri mmiri dielectric.
4. Na a siri ike inorganic dielectric.
5. Na ihe siri ike organic dielectric.
6. Solid.
7. Electrolytic.

E nwere a nhazi ọkwa capacitors ebe (na-akọrọ ma ọ bụ raara onwe ya nye), ọdịdị nke nchedo mpụga ihe (echebe ma na unprotected, dịpụrụ adịpụ na-abụghị dịpụrụ adịpụ, juru n'ọnụ, ma kaa akara) Usoro echichi (coupler, obibi, elu elu, na pin ịghasa, a snap pin ). ngwaọrụ nwekwara ike oké site ike ịgbanwe ikike:

1. Capacitors, ofu, ya bụ, ike nke nke bụ mgbe niile mgbe nile.
2. Trimmer. Ha nwere ike adịghị agbanwe ini ọrụ ngwá, ma ọ nwere ike gbanwere ugboro ma ọ bụ oge.
3. Variables. Ọ capacitors na-ekwe ka na ime nke ngwá ịgbanwe ya ikike.

Inductor na capacitor

Conductive ọcha nke ngwaọrụ bụ ike nke na-eke ya inductance. Nke a bughi akụkụ dị ka masonry, ihe jikọtara ụgbọ ala, a mkpoko ọnụ na fuuz. Ị nwere ike ịmepụta ọzọ capacitor inductance site na njikọ ụgbọ ala. circuit ọrụ mode na-adabere na inductance, capacitance na-eguzogide. The usoro maka ịgbakọ inductance na-adị mgbe eru nso resonant ugboro, ndị na-esonụ:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

ebe Ce ekpebi irè capacitance, C na-egosi n'ezie capacitance, f - bụ ugboro ole, L - inductance.

The inductance uru ga-mgbe a ga-atụle mgbe na-arụ ọrụ ike capacitors. N'ihi na usu capacitors onwe-inductance uru nke kasị mkpa. Ha n'ahụ dara na itinye n'ọkwa loop na nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị - aperiodic na oscillatory.

Inductance na condenser bụ dabere na ogige circuit ọcha nime ya. Ka ihe atụ, ke ukem njikọ ngalaba na taya, a uru bụ nchikota nke inductances nke ngwugwu isi busbar na nkwubi okwu. Iji chọta ụdị inductance, usoro bụ dị ka ndị:

• Lk = LP + LM + Lb,

ebe Lk egosi inductance ngwaọrụ, LP -Package, LM - isi ụgbọ ala na Lb - edu ndú inductance.

Ọ bụrụ na ndị ahụ yiri ibe njikọ nke ugbu a ụgbọ ala dịgasị tinyere ogologo ya, mgbe ahụ, na Ẹkot inductance ka akowara dika:

• Lk = LC: n + μ0 l x d: (3b, NW) + Lb,

ebe l - ogologo nke na taya, b - obosara na d - anya n'etiti taya.

Iji belata inductance nke ngwaọrụ ga na-ebi akụkụ condenser positioned nke mere na ha apụta ụgwọ atụrụ ndọta. Ndị ọzọ okwu, na-ebi ndụ akụkụ na otu ugbu a ngagharị ga-ewepụ onye ọ bụla ọzọ dị ka o kwere, na iji mee ka ọnụ na-abụghị direction. Mgbe na ijikọta ahụ na-anakọta na usen dielectric ọkpụrụkpụ nwere ike ibelata inductance ngalaba. Nke a nwere ike nweta ọbụna site nkerisi otu ngalaba na a nnukwu ego ka a dịtụ ọzọ na-emighị emi akpa.