Karakum Canal: nkọwa, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ, foto

Gịnị bụ kanaal? Ọ bụ a mmadụ mere stream kere ọ bụla nzube. Nke a nwere ike ịbụ a n'ala mmiri, igba redirection ma ọ bụ Mbelata ụzọ gasị. Ụfọdụ mmiri ọwa na-eji eme njem nleta ka a ebe izu ike. Ebe a mara mma, dị ọcha ikuku, a ọtụtụ nnụnụ. E nwere ihe abụọ mere na-eke ọwa ibuga nke mmiri na ego ma ọ bụ akụ. Dị ka a na-achị, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a na ozu nke mmiri - navigable.

Zuru ezu mkpa ya ala nwere a ọwa na-akpọ Karakum. Ọ na-anọchi nke ọtụtụ akụkụ.

nkọwa

N'afọ 1988, ndị Soviet Union e tinyere n'ime ọrụ a pụrụ iche haịdrọlik owuwu - na Karakum Canal. Flow ogologo-ya 1450 kilomita, na ọ sonyeere bụla ọzọ recalcitrant River Amudaria (obodo aha - Dzheyhun) na Caspian Sea. Na ụwa e nweghị analogues na mgbagwoju, imewe mkpebi, na ihe isi ike na-arụ ọrụ n'ihi na oké ihu igwe na ọnọdụ nke Karakum desert expanses.

Ihe mere maka iwuli a kanaal

N'ihi na ihe karịrị iri atọ na afọ (ebe 1954) e rụrụ na-ewu nke Karakum Canal, oge nke ya e kere eke n'otu Stalin oge, Khrushchev, Brezhnev na dọtara ndị nnọchiteanya nke 32 ná mba si 250 obodo na Soviet Union. Ọ bụla n'ógbè nke buru ibu mba na-atụle ya ọrụ ya iziga pụrụ iche ihe, na ngwá, ma nye ndị ọzọ dị mkpa aka maka ibu niile na-otu oru ngo.

The nsogbu nke kpọbata mmiri ka efekarị na mpaghara nke Turkmenistan guzo n'ihi a ogologo oge. Ọ bụ ihe kasị dị ịrịba ama ihe ịma aka nke oge ya. Ma idokwa mmiri na-enupụ isi, kpọchie osimiri ma na-etinye ha site na-akparaghị ókè desert ájá naanị site a siri ike na aku na uba mepụtara ala.

mwube

Karakumsky ọwa E wuru ọtụtụ nkebi, ọ bụla nke na-ejikọ mmiri iyi ụfọdụ ebiet. The mbụ ọwa alaka nke ndị Amu Darya River obodo nke na Murghab, e wuru na 1959. Ọ bụ a ogologo banyere 400 km. Otu ihe dị mkpa n'ihi nke na-ewu nke mbụ ogbo mmiri - bụ ikike banye mgbasa nke ọhụrụ mmiri ala ebe nke n'elu 1000 square mita. km. Nkebi na-esonụ na-agafe obodo Tejen. Ọ nọ na a ogologo banyere 140 km, kwere mmiri na-enye 700 sq. km na-akwado ihe ọzọ 30,000 hectare mmiri n'ubi.

Site na Turkmen isi obodo Ashgabat, Karakum Canal ẹkenịmde ke 1962. N'oge a, ọ fọrọ nke nta ka ogologo nke 800 km. The ebe nke ọhụrụ mmiri ala gafee direction nke eruba ruru banyere 3,000 square mita. km.

Mgbe oge a na-ewu nke Ọwa mmiri a kwụsịtụrụ na naanị maliteghachiri na 1971 ọzọ. Builders malitere ewu nke anọ alaka ụlọ ọrụ, bụ nke were ntụziaka nke Ashgabat - Beriket. N'otu oge ahụ e ji wuo ya Kopetdag dam na-esite nke otu aha.

The n'ihu akara aka nke ọwa

Mgbe e mesịrị na-emepụta Karakum Canal e kewara abụọ ebe. Otu alaka erukwa na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè Turkmenistan na mmezi Atrek ma ruo ogologo nke 270 km. The alaka nke abụọ gawa obodo Nebit Doug. Ikpeazụ ọwa òkè gbatịrị tinyere ọkpọkọ na-enye mmiri na mbụ Krasnovodsk (oge a Turkmenbasy).

Ugbua na oge nke oge a na akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmalite nke XXI narị afọ, ndị na-ewu nke onwe ha Turkmenistan wuru nnukwu ọdọ na mpaghara - Zeydskoe, n'ihi nzube nke na-edozi na mmiri nkọwa.

N'ihi na nke mgbe nile na-oké ifufe na ọwa bends, bụ nke na-emekpa osimiri, nile n'afọ, ọrụ dị underway na pụrụ iche na-arụ ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ maka onyunyo na nche, otú mgbagwoju anya ndokwa Karakum Canal. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụlọ a bụ n'ezie na-akpali.