Nkà ihe ọmụma nke na New Age

The isi oge nke na nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a - eto17-18 narị afọ. N'ihi na a na ogbo nke mmepe nke nkà ihe ọmụma e ji ịdị adị nke ọtụtụ ebe. Nke a narị afọ nke 17 English ọkà ihe ọmụma (empiricism), edu Fr. Anụ ezi (1561-1626), Gobbs, Locke; aririo gawa site Descartes (1596-1650), Leibniz Spinoza; Narị afọ nke 18 na nkà ihe ọmụma nke Enlightenment (Voltaire, Montesquieu, Diderot, Rousseau); French ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya nke narị afọ nke 18 (La Mettrie, Holbach, Helvetius).

Na nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a n'ozuzu àgwà pụrụ-enye ikpe. The kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ mmepe nke sayensị na-eduga ná nnweta nke ihe, neatly ghọtara iwu. Onye ọ bụla nke Sciences kpebisiri ike site isiokwu ya, nsogbu, akọwapụta ya kachasi mkpa na ọdịdị. Ọchịchọ na-aghọ karịsịa kwesiri ngosi nkewa sayensị na nkà ihe ọmụma.

Isi nsogbu nke sayensị bụ ihe ọmụma nke okike. Science amalite inyocha ụwa, nke a na-aghọta dị ka ọdịdị, ẹdude n'okpuru iwu. Na nke a na nkà ihe ọmụma ghọọ a ahu nke ihe ọmụma banyere ụwa,-echepụta na-emepe kpọmkwem iwu nke anụ ahụ phenomena. Ọ wee hapụ ihe ibuo sayensị. Social na nkà mmụta sayensị na mgbanwe mee ka e guzobere isi ihe abụọ ebe, nke na-elu na nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a: empiricism na rationalism.

Empirism nkà ihe ọmụma dị ka ntụziaka na-anọchite anya otu ebe cognition ozizi nke na-amata paramount sensory ahụmahụ dị ka isi iyi nke ihe ọmụma.

N'aka nke ya, n'ime empiricism ndị dị otú ahụ ntụziaka ka kwuwe na ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya empiricism. Idealist empiricism edu George. Berkeley (1685-1753), Hume kwuru (1711-1776). Dị ka ntụziaka nke ahụmahụ a nkịtị set nke echiche, mmetụta, na uru hà uru nke ụwa nke na ahụmahụ. The abụọ direction n'ime empiricism bụ ịhụ ihe onwunwe n'anya empiricism, gosikwara na Bacon na T.Gobbs. Anọchitekwa anya nke a na-emekarị kwere na isi iyi nke ụmụ mmadụ nke mpụga ụwa.

Rationalism ahụ pụta ìhè na ezi uche zuru oke nke sayensị, ihe ọmụma nke isi iyi na isi criterion nke eziokwu na-akpọ obi.

Rationalist nkà ihe ọmụma nke oge a nwekwara na general direction nke ọtụtụ onye aga. Theory nke ihe ọmụma a na-akpọ epistemology. Rationalism na oge a na nkà ihe ọmụma dabeere na a echiche. Otu nwoke na ya ịbụ ụwa gbara anyị gburugburu na-agbanwe. The Company na-ezo aka ụwa si a bara uru na-ekwu. Man nke aka ya a na-ụgwọ ịgbanwe ụwa gburugburu ya. Mgbanwe a bụ nke kasị mma agwa, ọ ga-achịkwa ihe ọmụma.

Epistemology ga dokwuo anya ọdịdị nke ihe ọmụma ụmụ mmadụ, iwu ya, ihe mgbaru ọsọ na ohere. Ọ na-amụ usoro nke akpịrị ọrụ, explores ihe ọmụma Ọdịdị, ọrụ nke na-elekọta mmadụ na ndu ihe nke cognition, wdg Epistemology metụtara na akparamaagwa, cybernetics, mmụta asụsụ na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na sayensị.

N'ihi ya, oge a na nkà ihe ọmụma na nke mbụ ejideghi na-eju anya banyere sayensị site epistemological usoro empiricism na rationalism. Science malitere-aghọta dị ka a usoro nke a ezi ihe ọmụma. Empiricists hụrụ isi iyi nke ihe ọmụma na ahụmahụ, rationalists - n'uche. Synthesize ndị a echiche Kant gbalịrị.

Mgbe oge nke oge a ọhụrụ nwe plan e tinye n'ihu site inductive ụzọ nke ihe ọmụma. N'etiti nkà ihe ọmụma na nkà mmụta sayensị n'oge a ka a dị nnọọ nso mmekọrịta, bụ nke mere ka e guzobere a full na nkà mmụta sayensị na foto nke ụwa.

Science si oge a na-aghọ a ụzọ nke na nkà ihe ọmụma nke knowable ụwa. Ọ ga-aghọ akụkụ nke isiokwu nke nkà ihe ọmụma echiche. Ya mere, ukwuu gbanwere ihe oyiyi nke ụwa, nke mmadụ na nke sayensị onwe ya. Science na-ekpughe na ndị e kere eke ma na-enyere mmepe nke mepere anya dị ka a dum.