Nkọwa nke engine na ugbo ala nke dị iche iche ụdị

All na-akpụ akpụ oru ngwá, ugbo ala, na-ewu na ngwá, watercraft na ndị ọzọ. al., na-onwem na propulsion usoro dị iche iche e ji mara. N'ọnọdụ ka ukwuu, a esịtidem combustion engine, zuru ezu dị ike ma dị irè, ogologo-guzobere dị ka a pụrụ ịdabere na-esi nke na-enye ebumnobi usoro ọrụ.

General nkọwa nke unit

The page nkọwa foto engine workflow. Image sectional moto-enye ohere ka ịmụta isi ọnụ na mmiri. Na ala bụ crankcase mmanụ mgbapụta, nke mere ndị ahụ na-mmanu nke pụrụ iche ọwa, malite na nke crankshaft na a camshaft drive yinye ogwugwu. Etinyewe site na ọwa nke crankshaft, ọnọdụ mmanụ na-anọ ikuku lubricates na biarin ma ọ bụ iche iche ụmụ amaala na crankpins crank usoro. N'out oge, mmanu a na-agbasara ghọọ mmanụ alụlụ, nke na-enye ohere film guzobere na cylinder mirror. The pistons slide unu kpamkpam, na ihe fọrọ efu esemokwu. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha nwere onye ga-atọ mmanụ yiri mgbaaka, na-emi odude n'elu isi mkpakọ. Nzube nke ndị a yiri mgbaaka bụ wepu ngafe mmanụ na gbochie ya ịdaba combustion ụlọ. Oil abatakwa elu chat engine, ebe lubrication oge, camshaft, valvụ lifters na levers. Ọzọ lubrication usoro mkpuchi - a gia na a abụọ agbụ ígwè na tensioner. Ebe a, mmanụ a na-ekesa site na ike ndọda, ọ na-agbasara n'usoro akụkụ. N'oge ọrụ nke ụgbọala engine mmanụ mmeru metal microparticles. Onye ọ bụla ụgbọ ala nwere a agbagoro, mgbe nke na ọ dị mkpa na-eji dochie mmanu. Ọ bụrụ na anya kpuchie bụ ekwe omume gbakọọ, ị kwesịrị ị na oge ịlele engine mmanụ na nghọta. Ọ bụrụ na ọ na-achọrọ iji dochie agbawanye ọchịchịrị ngwa ngwa.

nkọwa nke engine nwere ike malitere site ụkpụrụ nke ya ọrụ. Propulsion combustion bụ nke abụọ na ụdị: petrol na dizel, akpa ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke mgbasa, haruru emepụta n'oge combustion nke a combustible ngwakọta amụnyewo site electric ebua. Na abụrụ mgbali akpata pistin n'ike n'ike ịgbada ka ebe kasị ala mgbe, ndị crank usoro amalite bugharia, si otú na-ebilite ọrụ okirikiri. The kasị ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders - anọ, ma e nwere isii na asatọ engines. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cylinders esịmde iri na isii, bụ karịsịa dị ike Motors, na-agba ọsọ were were, ha arụmọrụ dị elu. Ndị a engines-arụnyere na okomoko ụgbọala.

Dizel engine na-arụ ọrụ na otu ụkpụrụ, ma combustible ngwakọta na combustion ulo bụghị amụnyewo icheku ọkụ na mkpakọ n'okpuru ihe.

Esịtidem combustion engines na-kewara abụọ na anọ na-ọrịa strok. Ihe dị iche n'etiti abụọ ndị a ụkpụrụ nke edinam bụ oké mkpa. Motorcycle engines a rụọ ọrụ na push-esiri mode, ụgbọ ala fọrọ nke nta niile - anọ na-ọrịa strok.

inflammable ngwakọta

nkọwa nke engine-agba agba na mmanụ ụgbọala, ga-amalite site oge mgbe carburetor ma ọ bụ injector natara a òkè nke combustible ngwakọta. The combustion ulo nke cylinder kpụrụ ígwé ojii peculiar ngwakọta nke ikuku na mmanụ ụgbọala vapors. Ọ fọrọ nke nta njikere mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta, ma ọ ka kwesịrị ka mpikota onu na edita. Mkpakọ emee n'okpuru ihe nke pistin, na-ebili si n'okpuru, na mgbe ọ na-n'elu, ga-enye ụgbọala ahụ ọkụ icheku ọkụ ignites ngwakọta, a ga-a nkọ ịrị elu nsogbu, na pistin aga ala. Mgbe nke a emee na rotational ike, nke bụ na-anya ụgbọ ike.

Na akpakanamde engine nwere ike si atọ na iri na isi pistons. Onye ọ bụla n'ime ha rụrụ ya na ọrụ ma na-eso a na nlezianya oge a nkè, nke na-emepụta oge, gas nkesa usoro nke igwe. N'ihi ya, e nwere a na-aga n'ihu okirikiri nke adiana nke crankshaft, nke a na-emecha-ebute site ná wheel-ha.

Description nke esịtidem combustion engine na nkebi dị ka ndị a:

• absorption nke combustible ngwakọta (pistin aga ala);
• compressing na amụnye na combustible ngwakọta (na pistin bụ na n'elu nwụrụ anwụ center);
• ọrịa strok (na pistin na-akpụ akpụ ala);
• Iyuzucha ngwakọta (pistin akpali elu);

Key strok nwere ike ikpokọta ndị ọzọ na-eje ozi Filiks obere oge.

Description nke dizel engine

Mmanụ ụgbọala - a eluigwe na ala mmanụ ụgbọala nke nwere ọtụtụ uru, ma ya àgwà bụ dabere na octane nọmba, nwetara n'oge nhazi. Ma ndị na-eri ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala bụ elu nke ọma. Ya mere, na akpakanamde engineering bụ ọtụtụ ebe ada engines-agba agba na mmanụ dizel.

Description nke dizel engine-agba agba na mmanụ dizel, ị ga-amalite na a obere tupu akụkọ ihe mere eme nke otú nke a unit e kere. Na 1890, German engineer Rudolf dizel kere na patented mbụ moto, na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke mkpakọ nke combustible ngwakọta. First dizel engine bụghị e nakweere maka nile eji, na n'ihi na ndị na-ewu nke usoro na arụmọrụ usụhọde uzuoku engines. Ma mgbe a ka dizel engines na-arụnyere n'ime osimiri na oké osimiri nile, ebe ha na-ọma pụtara.

Ndị isi uru nke ọhụrụ moto tụnyere a uzuoku engine bụ eziokwu na unit na-arụ ọrụ na carbon, n'okpuru oche ohere nwere ọkara nke ụgbọ mmiri, mgbe ọkara nke ọzọ e nyere n'okpuru coal. Uru uzuoku engine dum brigeedi stokers na-arụzi ụgbọala. A dizel engine bụ kọmpat, chọpụtara ọnụ na mmanụ ụgbọala tank nanị ole na ole square mita. N'ihi ya ọrụ nanị otu ụgbọ. Nke nta nke nta dizel engine dochie uzuoku na ghọrọ-ewu ewu na niile mmiri nke oké osimiri na osimiri na klas. E nwere mkpa maka uka mmepụta nke na n'oge na-adịghị ike adventurous dịkọrọ ndụ Rudolf dizel na ya kpọmkwem òkè.

The pistons nke dizel engine nọ elu nke na-arụ ọrụ ezumike na-eme ka ịgbā na combustion ụlọ. N'ihi na ime ihe nke engine ga-abụ otu ọnọdụ - mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta na-ekpo ọkụ. Na usoro, na-ama na-agba ọsọ moto kpo oku emee site n'onwe ya. Na-amalite unit ọbụna na-ekpo ọkụ oge nwere ikpo usoro. Iji mee nke a ọ bụla dizel engine wuru pụrụ iche na-egbukepụ egbukepụ.

Universal TSI engine

Eto eto, nke "Engine nke Year" na 2006, 2007 na 2008. The kasị elu engine na nso nso. TSI engine, nke ngosi nke nwere ike iri ihe karịrị otu peeji nke, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị mma engines nke oge anyị. Ụkpụrụ nke ya ime ihe n'ihi na ngwa nke sọrọ fuel injection technology na nnweta a Compressor, nke na-anapụta ndị mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta nrụgide.

TSI engine - bụ kwajuru na ndị kasị oge a na nkà na ụzụ, ma igwe kwesịrị ịgbasi anya. Mgbe arụ ọrụ na engine, na-eji nanị elu-edu onunu, na ya na ime bụ na-adọ ukpụhọde. Ndị kasị oké egwu akụkụ nke TSI engine - Compressor, onwem na a pụrụ iche gia, nke enwekwu ya ọsọ na 17 puku kwa nkeji, nke na-enye kacha agbam ume nsogbu.

The TSI engine, nke ngosi nke ga-ezu ezu enweghị aha nke ịrịba erughị eru na oyi na-atụ oge ụtọ elu nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ. Rụọ ọrụ igwe na TSI engine na oyi na-atụ nwere ike ịbụ na Ụlọ Mmanya awa ike okpomọkụ n'okpuru efu. Na na na-ekpo ọkụ oge bụ ihe echekwa ala ọsọ engine magburu onwe arụmọrụ.

"Volkswagen", engines

German "ndị mmadụ ụgbọ ala" na 2000 rọputara ha mmepụta ụdị Motors arụpụtara site TSI technology, nakwa dị ka FSI. The German ụlọ ọrụ bụ taa ụwa nanị emeputa na-enye engines TSI na FSI dị ka isi fọrọ nke nta niile nke ya ụdị. Description of engines "Volkswagen", akpan akpan TSI engine esesịn e mere n'elu. Njirimara generalized, ma nnọọ ihe ọmụma.

Engine Description FSI dị mma na-amalite na ya traction e ji mara nke ịdị iche iche n'etiti 120-140 l. a. Motor echekwa na a ogologo ọrụ ndụ. FSI (Fuel Stratified Ọgwụ) na-sụgharịrị dị ka "stratified injection".

Isi ihe dị iche si engine FSI ọzọ ike osisi na abụọ-akaghị usoro bụ a ala na elu nsogbu. Low mgbali circuit agụnye a mmanụ ụgbọala tank, mmanụ mgbapụta na iyo. High-mgbali circuit bụ kpọmkwem na-akpata na mmanụ ụgbọala ogwu ogbugba. Ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe dabeere na FSI engine bụ nditịm metered injection nke manu site mmanụ ụgbọala mgbapụta. The dose na-gbanwee na-akpaghị aka site na iji a ala nsogbu transducer. The ego nke mmanụ ụgbọala na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke revolutions. The ome osooso pedal na-adịghị mkpa ugbua na ụkpụrụ, ọ bụ ezie na ọ na-echekwara n'ime ụgbọ ala.

nkọwa nke engine Volkswagen FSI nwere ike ịgbakwunye ya data on na-eri-irè na elu arụmọrụ.

Motors 'Opel'

German ụgbọala emepụta bụ mgbe niile na mpi na onye ọ bụla ọzọ. ụgbọ ala ika "Opel" bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na na-adaba adaba. Ewu ewu na nke ụdị na "àmụmà" na enyeghachi ya okpukpu anọ na-akwado anọgide elu ahịa. Ọ bụrụ na asịwo na-aga ịzụta ihe ọnụ, mfe ịnọgide na-enwe igwe, ọ na-ahọrọ "Opel". Engines, bụ nke nkọwa a gụnyere ke oru akwụkwọ nke ụgbọala na-nkewa site nlereanya aha. Ka ihe atụ, "Opel Corsa" onwem moto Opel Corsa BC 1,2 16v Ecotec 3. ụgbọala n'ịnyịnya moto Astra Opel z19DTH Astra III 16v 150k. Ma, tinyere ihe ndị a, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ndị tozuru etozu ike osisi, nke nwere ike arụnyere n'agbanyeghị nke index na aha.

Togliatti osisi

Description of engine VAZ mgbagwoju bụghị - na e nwere nanị abụọ na ụdị. Engines maka n'azụ-wheel mbanye ụgbọala VAZ-2101, 2102, 2103, 2104, 2105, 2106 na 2107 - bụ a anọ na-cylinder unit banyere otu ike na nkwakọ. Na engines maka n'ihu-wheel ụdị VAZ-2108 na VAZ-2109 na ya mgbanwe.

All VAZ engines bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na na-adịghị okomoko na-arụ ọrụ. Ukpụhọde nke mgbanye oge na valvụ nwechapụ bụ nnọọ inweta maka onye na-akwọ ya, ọ na kwesịrị ịma atụmatụ na usoro nke omume. Vysokooborotisty engines na trotul omume. Resource adịghị kwa nnukwu, ma overhaul na nnọchi nke pistin yiri mgbaaka na iche iche, isi na ejikọta mkpanaka, ọ bụghị a nsogbu.

Description of engine "Toyota"

Motors mara Japanese emeputa kọmpat, anọ na-cylinder, ọkacha mma a cross ndokwa, na dị nnọọ elu arụmọrụ. Ọgwụ na mmanụ ụgbọala engines arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ nke kpọmkwem ogwu ogbugba. Anọ valves kwa cylinder ekwe valvụ iji mee ka usoro okè.

Engine arụmọrụ akara "Toyota" na-a maara, e wezụga ama emeputa na-enwetụbeghị ụdị ala CO2 ọdịnaya iyuzucha flue, haruru. Serial Motors ẹkedọhọde set nke isi obodo Latin akwụkwọ ozi na Nchikota na Arabic n'ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ọ dịghị aha na-adịghị kwukwara.

Resource engine "Toyota" na-abịa ruo 300 puku kilomita, na mgbe ahụ na ọ bụghị ọbụna mkpa isi Ndozi, iji hapụ rapaara pistin yiri mgbaaka ma hichaa obi jụrụ usoro. Mgbe ihe ịga nke ọma na-egbochi obere moto na-aga n'ihu na-agba ọsọ.

BMW powerplant

The nso nke engines nke German ụlọ ọrụ "Bavaria Motor Werke" bụ ihe ọtụtụ karịa nke Japanese Nsukka. The akụ nke BMW - inline four- na isii cylinder engines, V ekara "asatọ" na "iri", dị ka iri na abụọ-ugbu a, karịsịa dị ike engines. Ihe ka ọtụtụ n'ime BMW engines na-arụpụtara na SOHC na DOHC format.

Ewere Motors ugboro ugboro ghọrọ mmeri nke mpi "Engine nke Year", n'ihi na ihe atụ S85B50 ika natara 11 enọ na oge site na 2005 ka 2008.

Engines "BMW", nke ngosi nke bụ siri ike n'ihi na nke ukwuu nke mgbanwe na nwere ike kọwara dị ka superreliable, n'ụzọ zuru okè ezi aggregates.

Engines Zavolzhsky engine osisi

The nso nke powertrains, ZMZ emepụta Trans-Volga, ọ bụ nnọọ ihe obi umeala. Osisi na-amị nanị ole na ole mgbanwe ka nkezi ike. Ma, ọ bụ uru arịba ama otu nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ngwaahịa. Engine ika "ZMZ-406" ka a tọhapụrụ a na usoro nke otu na ọkara nde. The moto arụnyere na ụgbọala, "GAS" Gorky osisi. N'etiti ha, "nne mgbada", "Volga-3110" na "Volga-3102".

Gịnị bụ engine 406? Kọwara n'okpuru ebe.

The moto dị na ihe injector n'okpuru designation 406-2.10 na-agba na mmanụ ụgbọala Ai-92. Kabureto 406-1 version e mere maka mmanụ ụgbọala na ihe octane mba nke 76. ọzọ petrol engine, 406-3-agba agba na-elu-octane mmanụ, mmanụ ụgbọala Ai-95. All Motors na-onwem na a usoro nke 406 Bosch ngwá electronic na abụọ mgbanye coils.

Mmezi nke esịtidem combustion engine

ụgbọ ala engine imewe na-achọ oge mgbochi mmezi nke onye nkeji ma ọ bụ overhaul nke dum unit dị ka a dum. The engine agụnye cylinder ngọngọ, crankshaft, ejikọta mkpara, pistons na mkpakọ na mmanụ akpụcha yiri mgbaaka, ndị isi ngọngọ na camshaft tinyere a camshaft yinye mbanye na valves.

Na-arịa ọrịa nke onye nkeji ma ọ bụ dum nke moto ka a dum na-mere unusable akụkụ ndochi. Usoro a na-akpọ "engine idozi." maka moto ghara ịgbanwe omume nkọwa e nyere na akwụkwọ, na zuru ezu ntuziaka. Minor Ndozi nwere ike mere na ha onwe ha, na ndị ọzọ na mgbagwoju, na-achọ pụrụ iche akụrụngwa, ọ ka mma ijide ụzụ Center.

Mgbe overhaul esịtidem combustion engine ga-akpa chọpụta ogo eyi na dọkatụrụ adọka. Nke a na-achọ a nchoputa. A, mgbe ọnọdụ mmanụ a chọrọ nnọchi mgbọrọgwụ inserts crankshaft na ejikọta mkpanaka biarin. Ọ bụrụ na ndị crankshaft magazin na-eyi ha, ha ga-chiseled n'okpuru idozi size ma wụnye kwesịrị ekwesị inserts. Na ikpe, ma ọ bụrụ na eyi mirror cylinder unit zapresovyvayutsya ọhụrụ katrij ma ọ bụ agadi chiseled n'okpuru idozi size na ụdi echichi nke ọhụrụ pistons na ọhụrụ yiri mgbaaka. Na obere elaboration agbanwe nnọọ yiri mgbaaka na mkpakọ na-weghachiri eweghachi. The otu nwere ike kwuru banyere ndị ekwuola inserts. Ọ bụrụ na mmepụta nke crankshaft magazin bụ obere, i nwere ike na-eji dochie pad na-eme na-agwụ ike. Na nke a, ọnọdụ mmanụ nkịtị, na-emelite engine ga-adị njikere na-arụ ọrụ.