Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ na akpịrị na ya atụmatụ

Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ nwere ike ịmata ihe dị iche ebe na-ndokwa akụkụ dị iche iche n'ahụ usoro, jikọtara nkịtị anatomical na n'ahụ mara. A na-agụnye ihe atụ, akpịrị - ebe nke e nwere na ihe nke abụọ usoro - akụkụ okuku ume na digestive. Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị, nakwa dị ka ngalaba ọrụ a ga-atụle n'isiokwu a.

Anatomical atụmatụ nke akpịrị

Structure nke mmadụ akpịrị, onye atụmatụ na-egosi n'okpuru, na-egosi a region na-amalite na abụọ cavities: dịghị òkè na onu, na-agwụcha karị oghere eji ekunye ume na nkọlọ. Ya mere, otu akụkụ nke akpịrị, metụtara digestive usoro, a na-akpọ pharynx bụ, pharynx, na ndị ọzọ, bụ akụkụ nke akụkụ okuku ume na usoro - larinksom (nkọlọ). Pharynx bụ a ókè region n'agbata na-edeghị ede oghere na nkọlọ. Food, n'ala ezé, wetted na asu na n'omume rapara site n'oru nke enzymes ya akụrisị mgbọrọgwụ nke ire. Iyatesịt ya anabata akpata a mpiaji mkpi nke uru ahụ ndị na-esighị okpo ọnụ, nke na-eduga ná mmechi nke n'ọnụ ụzọ gọzie gị oghere. N'otu oge ahụ n'ọnụ ụzọ nkọlọ na nkanka na epiglottis.

Mkpakọ nke pharynx muscle pushes bolus n'ime nkọlọ, nke bụ undulating ọnwụ, propels ya na afo. Pharynx, nkọlọ, ma ọ bụ, dị ka e kwuru na mbụ, akụkụ nke akụkụ okuku ume na usoro. Ọ na-enweta ikuku si gọzie gị uji eze, nasopharynx na oropharynx, mgbe a na ụtọ na n'omume kpochara si ájá. Nke eji ekwu okwu, esịnede paired na unpaired cartilage enwe hyaline isi abụọ na-agbanwe emep uta eri - na akwara ụda olu, dị n'agbata glottis. Lower nkọlọ na-aga n'ime oghere eji ekunye ume. Ya n'ihu mgbidi a kpụrụ site cartilaginous ọkara yiri mgbaaka na gbochie ume tube iji belata ya n'obosara. The posterior tracheal mgbidi na-emi esịnede ezigbo muscle. The ikuku aga kpamkpam oghere eji ekunye ume n'ime bronchi, ma site na ha - na ngụgụ.

The mgbochi ọrụ nke tonsils

Site n'ịmụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị, na-elekwasị anya na ụyọkọ lifoidnoy anụ ahụ na-akpọ minadalinami. Ha na-guzobere pụrụ iche histologic Ọdịdị - parenchyma, agbasasị na stroma, esịnede connective anụ ahụ. The tonsils bụ guzobere lymphocytes - immunoobrazuyuschih isi ahu nchedo mmewere si pathogenic ụmụ nje. Nke a usoro a maara dị ka lymphopoiesis. Ịtụle anatomical Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị, tonsils nke na-ọdịiche dị na Palatine, sublingual na pharyngeal, ọkà mmụta sayensị kwubiri na ndokwa a na-egosi ha ihe mgbochi ọrụ.

Ọzọkwa, laryngology ikwu okwu banyere limfoepitelialnogo mgbanaka, emi odude ke mucous akpụkpọ ahụ na ókè nke na-edeghị ede oghere na pharynx - mgbanaka Pirogov-Heinrich Wilhelm Gottfried von Waldeyer-Hartz. Na ịlụso ọrịa ọgụ tonsils akpọ elu ahụ ọgụ. Ha oyụhọ owuwu ụzọ mbata nke oghere eji ekunye ume na nkọlọ, ichebe akụkụ okuku ume na digestive usoro nke penetration nke pathogenic microorganisms. Anatomical na n'ahụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị, Lymph nke na-enye nchebe na mgbochi megide emerụ mmetụta nke gburugburu ebe obibi, ga-ezu ezu ma ọ bụrụ na anyị adịghị eche na ndị dị otú owuwu tonsils ka gaps.

Specific ọrụ nke gaps

Ọ òkè Lymph na-na mbụ shot nke staphylococcal ma ọ bụ streptococcal na-efe efe na-ejide na-edeghị ede oghere. A nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke lymphocytes neutralize na mgbari bacteria na-egbu n'otu oge.

Ụyọkọ nwụrụ anwụ lymphoid sel ke lacunae purulent Nleta plọg, na-egosi mkpali usoro ịda omume penetration nke ọrịa n'ime ahu.

Larinks olu-dị ka ahụ

Na mbụ, anyị na-ama hụrụ abụọ isi laryngeal ọrụ: ọ bụ ya na-ekere òkè ume na Protection (epiglottis mgbe na-elo emechi ọnụ ụzọ nke eji ekwu okwu na otú egbochi ingress nke particulate okwu n'ime oghere eji ekunye ume na ọdịdị ekochi ekochi). E nwere akụkụ ọzọ nke pharynx, nke anyị na-akọwa, ịnọgide na-amụ Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị. Ọ gbasara ndị dị otú ahụ a onwunwe nke ahụ, dị ka ike na-ada mmepụta na-ekwu okwu. Cheta na nkọlọ mee nke cartilage.

N'etiti arytenoid cartilages, enwe ejiji na-akwara ụda olu - abụọ nnọọ mgbanwe na springy emep uta eri. Mgbe oge nke idere duu na-akwara ụda olu iche, na doro anya na anya glottis n'etiti abụọ, na-enwe ụdị ihe isosceles triangle. N'oge na-abụ abụ ma ọ bụ na-ekwu okwu na-akwara ụda olu na-emechi na ikuku, na-ebili si n'akpa ume mgbe exhaling, na-eme ha rhythmic vibrations na-aghọta dị ka ụda. ụda mgbanwe olu emee ya ruru na-agbanwe agbanwe ọnọdụ nke ire, egbugbere ọnụ, cheeks, jaws.

Gender iche na Ọdịdị nke akpịrị

E nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ nke anatomical na n'ahụ ji mara ụmụ mmadụ akpịrị Ọdịdị metụtara na okike. Ndị ikom na nkọlọ cartilages jikọọ na elu nke n'ihu-larinksa akpụ a ntule - na Adam apple na Adam apple.

Na ndị inyom, na n'akuku nke njikọ akụkụ nke thyroid cartilage ọzọ anya a protrusion enweghị ike achọpụtara. E nwekwara a dị iche na Ọdịdị nke na akwara ụda olu. Na ndị ikom, ha bụ ogologo oge na oké, na nnọọ ala olu. Na ndị inyom, akwara ụda olu na-thinner na mkpumkpu, olu-ha dị elu na ọsọ.

Isiokwu a na-enyocha anatomical na n'ahụ akụkụ nke Ọdịdị nke ahụ mmadụ akpịrị.