Okpomọkụ mgba ọkụ: atụmatụ, ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe, atọrọ

Nchedo nke ọkụ na ngwá si ngafe ibu thermal ọsọ agba anọ na-enye. Enweghị ya, wires na overheat, dapụtara na akaghi aka ọdịda nke mkpuchi ihe.

ụkpụrụ nke ime ihe

thermal agba anọ ọrụ bụ ịkwụpụ a circuit mgbe ugbu a na-eru site na ya karịa elu ọnụ. The ngwa mejupụtara termopodogrevatelya site na nke eletrik na-aga, na a efere nke bimetal, nke a na-nkwarụ n'elu kpo oku na-emepe kọntaktị yinye. The elu na nke ugbu a, na kpu ọrụ.

Mgbe oghe circuit thermocouple cools na-alaghachikwuru mbụ ya ala.

Ụdị atụmatụ nke fuser

Kwes ọsọ agba anọ na-arụ ọrụ site na abụọ atụmatụ:

• ịmafe kọntaktị na-emechi azụ ike;
• atụmatụ a tọgharịa onwe ha.

The mbụ n'onwe-akọ thermal echebe agba anọ (akpa contactors, circuit Oké mmali et al.). The abụọ na-eji na okpomọkụ usoro ihe usoro (a friji, ígwè, kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ n'ala et al.).

The bimetallic efere na a nupụsịrị eme na kọntaktị dị iche iche, nke ga-emepe electric circuit. N'ihi na nke ala omume ọsọ nke ngwaọrụ adịghị imenyụ aak na ezi mmetụta. Na taa agba anọ na ngwaọrụ na-eji, na-amụba na-emeghe circuit ọsọ.

Types of thermal relays

Kwes relays na-ahọrọ na elu ọnụ moto ibu di ya site 20-30%. Na ihe dị otú ahụ bufee adaghị emee mgbe 20 min. The bimetallic efere sags nwayọọ nwayọọ. Na nke a, ọ na-eme na mkpọ niile site na ngwa ngwa ngwaọrụ (kọntaktị bouncing). Ndị na-esonụ ụdị nke thermal ọsọ agba anọ.

1. RTP - chebe atọ adọ Motors na thermoelements on okwukwo ruo 600 A na a DC voltaji netwọk ruo 150 A. The bimetal efere na-ewe iwe site a okpomọkụ na a ugbu a-eru therethrough. eduzi uche ugbu a na-aka gbanwere mbụ deformation nke efere. Tọgharia site na ịpị bọtịnụ, ma ọ a version na a onwe-resetting.
2. Rtl - maka nchedo nke atọ na-adọ itinye n'ọkwa Motors site ruo ogologo oge bufee, na-adọ unbalance mgbe rotor jamming, ma ọ bụ na oké mmalite. N'ọnọdụ ndị dị otú, na-arụ ọrụ electric-ebuli usoro, nfuli, Fans, na ígwè ọrụ ndị ọzọ. Agba anọ etinyere na Starter, na-eme ka onye na ngwaọrụ.
3. PTT - gụnyere ke ngwa iwu nke nchebe nke atọ na-adọ itinye n'ọkwa Motors site ruo ogologo oge bufee, na-adọ unbalance, wdg Ha nwere ike agbakwunyere na .. Magnetik actuators na AC na DC na sekit na sekit.

Control na nhazi

The electrothermal relays kwesịrị oge na-etinye nnara uru. First nnyocha na ana achi achi ha buru ụzọ ime ụlọ okpomọkụ. Mgbe Nyochaa ọnọdụ nke kọntaktị, bimetal efere, kpọgide ọcha na usoro.

Nwụnye maka okpomọkụ mgbanwe thermostat ka kwupụta na-amụba ma ọ bụ iwetulata, ebe ọ bụla nkewa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ kwekọrọ na mmeghari 10 Celsius C. Ọ bụrụ na ndị relays nwere okpomọkụ akwụ ụgwọ, ọ dịghị ukpụhọde a chọrọ.

Ukpụhọde e mere na-arụ ọrụ na a isii-n'ogige atụrụ na-abawanye na m _nom. Na ala inertia na ngwaọrụ na-ọrụ na nkeji nke 0.5-4 s, na na nnukwu - si 4 na 25 sekọnd. Mgbe ahụ, site na-eme ugbu a na-abawanye site na 1.2 ka m _nom. Relays otú kwesịrị Ikwupu kọntaktị 20 min.

mfe thermostats

Okpomọkụ mgba ọkụ nwere ike kere dabere na electronic na sekit na sekit nke na-eji ịnọgide na-enwe a gaghị agara okpomọkụ mode nke na kọmputa, ogige, àkwá na t. D. Iji a thermostat mee ihe, sekit nke mejupụtara a mmetụta esịnede ji atụ na akwụkwọ poluplecha thermistor R ₂ na resistors R _1, R _3, R _4.

Mgbe okpomọkụ mgbanwe dịgasị ndị na-eguzogide uru R _2. The njehie mgbaàmà nri si mmiri na ndenye nke LM393 IC. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ na comparator mode ebe isi mmiri nke 3 nke analọg mgbaàmà bụ ihe mberede mgbanwe site ya anya ala ya n'ọrụ. Signal si mmepụta circuit na-adịkwu site transistor Q _1, mgbe ahụ, na-akwado na-akpali ya emee. Ọ cools thermistor, mgbe ahụ comparator tụụrụ anya na onye ofufe. N'ụzọ dị otú a, kwes management emee via ikuku jụrụ.

Mmetụta n'ihi okpomọkụ akara of n'ala kpo oku

On a yiri ụkpụrụ jikwaa usoro n'ala kpo oku.

The AC voltaji 230 etinyere ndenye na ngwaọrụ na mgbe a tọghatara na a transformerless ike ọkọnọ ka a mgbe nile na 15 W. The na nbata-uzọ-akọwa divider R _4, R _5, R _9. Mgbe oyi na-atụ n'ala, R ₉ thermistor eguzogide bụ 10 ohms. On TL431 zener enweta a mgbaàmà n'elu 2.5 volts yinye Vd _3, R _6, HL _2, U _1. Gosiri na nke a na-eme diode HL _2. Triac VS ₁ agbanyere na voltaji ọnọ n'ala kpo oku. Mgbe ya okpomọkụ esịmde a gaghị agara uru, ndị thermistor eguzogide R ₉ (ihe mmetụta) na-ebelata nke mere na ndị Zener diode na akara input mgbaàmà uru na-aghọ ihe na-erughị 2.5 V. TL431 ekpochi, na ha optosimistor triac. Dị ka a N'ihi ya, ndị na-enye okpomọkụ unit na-agbanyụọla. Ka anya dị ka n'ala amalite ajụkwa, usoro a ugboro ugboro.

The kacha nta na kacha okpomọkụ na-setịpụrụ resistors R ₄ na R _5. Ịmafe fọrọ a gbanwee mgbe echichi nke mmetụta R _9. Ya dị na etiti n'etiti okpomọkụ coils. The ike mmepụta, ejikwara site a thermal agba anọ, bụ dabere na uru nke ndị na-eguzogide R _7.

Na-abịa na ihe mmetụta ọnụ emechi shrinkable tube, ma kaa akara na cable tie ma ọ bụ ihe nyagide oyi akwa. Mkpebi ọ bụ ihe amamihe na-etinye na a ọla aka uwe na jupụta na epoxy resin. Top ntekwasa n'ala taịl nile.

Olee ijikọ thermostat na okpomọkụ, nwere ike hụrụ na ndị esereese, nke na-anọchi anya na ozu nke ọtụtụ ụdị. Ọ nwekwara ike dị na nkọwa nke na ngwaọrụ.

Industrial thermostat maka okpomọkụ nwere ike họrọ na-esonụ ụdị:

• electromechanical - na ntuziaka nrụpụta mgba ọkụ;
• digital - akara na rụrụ sensory ma ọ bụ tactile buttons, na ozi ndị dị mkpa (na nke ugbu a okpomọkụ ma na ntọala) na-egosipụta na ngosi;
• programmable - a okpomọkụ ọnọdụ nke usoro ihe omume maka a gaghị agara oge, na remotely achịkwa kọmputa.

ọgwụgwụ

E nwere ọtụtụ ụzọ esi jikọọ a thermal agba anọ na ngwaọrụ. Na mbụ, ha nwere na-anakọta ha onwe ha aka. Ugbu a ahịa, ị nwere ike ịhọrọ thermostat, onye atụmatụ bụ optimally ka na okpomọkụ (electric boilers, ọkụ n'ala ndị ọzọ.). Ọ dị mkpa na-enye ndị dị mkpa arụmọrụ, pụrụ ịdabere na nchekwa na-arụ ọrụ.