Punching ule ala. Engineering na geological nnyocha maka ewu

Na usoro nke na-ewu na ime ihe nke ụlọ ground deformation, bụ nke pụrụ iduga shrinkage nke ụlọ ọhụrụ. Nke a na onu bụ nnọọ wetara, n'ihi na ọ na-egwu na ọdịdị cracks ma ọ bụ ụlọ mpịakọta. Ya mere, ga-imebi ya n'ihu na ime. Ma, ọ bụ omume na-gbakọọ shrinkage ruru, n'ịhazikọta ókè deformation nke ihe owuwu nke a isi. N'ihi ihe a na-rụrụ ule zọ mgbakwasị.

Ọdịdị na atụmatụ nke usoro

Mkpebi siri ike nke deformation Njirimara nke ala bụ na otú ọ na-akpa àgwà n'okpuru nnukwu static ibu. Ha kwesịrị ịma iji ịkọ n'ihu compaction ma ọ bụ subsidence. Nke a na-emekọ na a dum otu nke ọkachamara.

stampụ ule usoro enye nnọọ ezi results, bụ ya mere otu n'ime ndị isi na ihe ọ bụla geotechnical ụdị ọrụ. Karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-eme atụmatụ na-ewu nke ala ụlọ ọrụ ma ọ bụ skyscrapers. Izi ezi nke ule data na-usoro GOST.

The usoro mejupụtara na gradual nchegbu ike stampụ, n'ịnyịnya na ala. Site n'enyemaka nke pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ, nyochaa ibu na ha na shrinkage kpebisiri ike. Dabere na shrinkage nke na stampụ gbakọrọ na deformation Njirimara nke ala.

stampụ Test megide N'ịchọpụta

N'ụzọ dị iche na N'ịchọpụta usoro, zọ ala ule na-achọ ihe ọkaibe ngwá na dị iche iche mgbagwoju. Dị Mkpa na ngwá na ngwaọrụ ndị na-emekarị keukwu na nwere bukwanu arọ. Ke adianade do, tupu ịmalite ọrụ dị mkpa iji kwadebe ala maka ule. The oge na-akpata kwa bụ mkpa: iji na-enyocha ọdịdị nke ala shrinkage, achọ ogologo oge. Tinye ka a mgbagwoju ngụkọta oge usoro nke chọrọ kpọmkwem data, dị ka Poisson si ruru maka ala.

Ọ bụ ya mere na usoro a na-adịghị etinyere na mmalite nke geotechnical ọmụmụ, na na ogbo nke ẹkụre niile arụ ọrụ mgbe họrọ ọnọdụ maka ndị na-ewu na akụkụ nke ihe owuwu ndị na-e. Ọ dị mkpa ịmara na kacha tupu ibu na ala ozo na gbakọọ geological atụmatụ nke saịtị development. Na-na-elekọta na ngụkọta oge nke ụdị na omimi nke ntọala nke ibe edokọbara. All ụkpụrụ ndị dị na mkpa na paragraf nke Standard.

Die akụkụ na ha mmetụta na deformation

Na 1930 ọ nọ na-ekpughe na nke nke stampụ eji n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-emetụta ogo deformation nke a ụfọdụ ụdị nke ala. N'ihi nke nnyocha Press square stampụ na ụrọ na ájá e setịpụrụ na-akpali ozi. Shrinkage na-agbanwebeghị n'okpuru ọnọdụ nke ọkọlọtọ size stampụ :. With a n'akụkụ site 18 ruo 30 cm ma ọ bụrụ na ya akụkụ ukwuu adapụ ndị a quantities, elu ma ọ bụ ala, mụbara shrinkage oke.

N'ihi ya, Soviet geologists ọkọlọtọ anwụ nha e gbakọọ, nke ruo ọtụtụ afọ na-eji maka ule. Nke a ewepụghị, gburugburu na ike stampụ na mpaghara 2.5, 5, na nke 10 puku square sentimita. Ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ iji a obere stampụ, na mpaghara naanị a puku cm ^2, ya ebe-amụba ka a kacha nta site na iji pụrụ iche yiri mgbaaka. Otú ọ dị, obere stampụ na-eji naanị ndị pụrụ iche ebe, tumadi na si rig akọwa.

Na-atụ aro size

Ebe a na-stampụ na-atụ aro, dabere na njupụta na ụdị ala:

• Clay, ájá, omume rụrụ ala na krupnoobmolochnye na-ajụ njupụta -. Stampụ nke 5 puku ^cm2 na a dayameta nke 80 cm IL ihe na ndị a Ona bụ karịa 0,25 ..
• Clay na aja Ona iji dies na ebe ọkara n'obosara ruo 57 cm. IL ọnụọgụ nwere ihe na-erughị 0,25.

atụmatụ deformability

Kpebisie ike na chọrọ ibiere nke ala nwere ike ịbụ iji a pụrụ iche ngwá ọrụ - pressuremeter. Na ọ na-eji na ubi nke na-anwụ ule. Nke a na ngwá na-enye ohere ikpughe ọtụtụ e ji mara nke Ona na ndabere nke ha ụdị.

N'ihi na ájá, ụrọ, organic ala ma ọ bụ ala krupnoobmolochnogo kọwaa deformation modul. Clay Ona na a elu likelihood nke subsidence anwale mbụ subsidence mgbali ọnụọgụ na ikwu deformation.

The usoro eji Poisson ruru

Ngụkọta oge nke ala-eguzogide na-arụpụta nke anwụ testing kpebisiri ike site a pụrụ iche usoro. Ọ na-eji a pụrụ iche ọnụego, ọ bụ a maka onye ọ bụla ìgwè. Ọ na-akpọ Poisson si ruru na ana-esonụ ụkpụrụ dị iche iche udiri anumanu:

• Rocky ala - 0,15.
• Poluskalnyh - 0,25.
• Krupnoobmolochny - 0,27.
• Aja - 0.3.
• Loam - 0,35.
• Clay - 0,42.

Poisson si ruru maka ala aka na usoro maka ịgbakọ modulus nke deformation. Ma, n'agbanyeghị nke ụdị na izi ezi nke ngwá eji, na uru nke a modul pụrụ ịgbakọta naanị na ogologo ngalaba. Mgbe niile, omume nke ala compressibility parameters nke dị mkpa ka a mata, bụghị invariably. Ya mere, ọ dara n'okpuru ozizi linearly deformable ozu.

Otú ọ dị, modulus bụ mgbe nile, ya mere, ebe ọ maara na ya, nakwa dị ka ihe ndị mejupụtara na Njirimara nke ala, gbakọọ larịị nke shrinkage nke ewu ga-abụ ihe ọ bụla ike.

Na mgbakwunye na nje modul, punching ala ule nwere ike ikpebi subsidence mgbe wetted na n'okpuru a ụfọdụ ibu, na-ekpughe ókè nke oké egwu variables na ịkọ ọdịdị nke deformation nchegbu n'oge ọrụ.

Nkebi nke ala shrinkage

N'oge shrinkage nke ntọala ala nsogbu, nke a na-enwe site dies, igbunye ụfọdụ incremental nzọụkwụ.

• Akara. Primer abịakọrọ, nke ebelata porosity e ji mara.
• Mgbanwe. The ala bụ na ịgba ịha, ma na multiple agbanwerịta ibe na n'ọnụ nke ntọala.
• Mbibi, kpamkpam ma ọ bụ na-ezughị ezu. The n'akụkụ mgbidi nke ala-amalite imebi ala, nke na-eduga ụdi deformation owuwu. The ibé ala nke na-obibi ọnụ na stampụ, na na ya n'ọnụ emee riser n'ala nkume. Ọ bụrụ na ibu n'ala na a ogbo na-abawanye, ọbụna ubé, larịị nke nje na-eto eto n'ike n'ike.

Ndị nnyocha ndị ọzọ na-dịpụrụ adịpụ na abụọ nkebi nke shrinkage, enweghị ihe ọ bụla doro anya nkewa. Otú ọ dị, n'oge a na technology anya n'ihu, taa, ị nwere ike mfe weghara ọbụna n'onye kasị nta mgbanwe ala Ọdịdị.

Mpụtị na nhazi nke natara data

Ọ bụla engineering-geological nnyocha maka ewu complemented journaling, nke na-ede ndị dị mkpa data. Ebe a bụ ego nke shrinkage nke dies n'okpuru ibu. Nhazi data, na-adabere n'ụdị ngwá eji, nwere ike rụrụ aka ma ọ bụ site na nke pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ.

Mgbe ule zuru ezu, data esichara akwụkwọ. Dị ka ha na-arụpụta na-weere ndịna, nke ike deere na ịdabererịta n'onwe nke nsogbu na-anwụ shrinkage.

Nuances nke ime ihe na-elezi anya na

E nwere ụfọdụ na-agaghị emeli na ego nke nwere nrụnye na borehole n'obosara, usoro GOST. Ke adianade do, ọ dị mkpa inyocha larịị nke ọma verticality. N'oge na-arụ ọrụ nke ya na mgbidi ya ofu na casing.

Tupu wụnye stampụ egbu na-kpochara na-enyemaka nke pụrụ iche akụrụngwa. The ala ahụ na-aghọ mụrụmụrụ. Ọ bụrụ na a zuru okè ewepụghị elu ike ike nweta ihe, ájá-etinye 2-5 cm oké ohiri isi na ya, dabere na ala ụdị.

Iji pụọ ọzọ tightly na kọntaktị na ala nwere ike, ya a ugboro ole na ole gburugburu crank axle. Mgbe echichi nlezianya elele ogo horizontality, na mgbe na-eji ndị ọzọ nke echichi akụrụngwa.

Atụ ogo shrinkage a rụrụ na ihe ziri ezi nke a ụzọ n'ụzọ iri nke a millimeter. N'oge mbụ awa mgbe malitere anwụ ala ule ekenịmde ọ bụla 15 nkeji maka n'ihe deflections. Na nke abụọ hour - ọ bụla ọkara awa, na mgbe ọ bụla hour ruo n'ókè nke shrinkage na-adịghị Nọsi'ike.

On na-eru oké egwu mgbali gbara site ọdịdị cracks gburugburu na-anwụ ma ọ bụ awụ ọsọ ala. Na ule a ga-kwụsịrị.

N'ihi nkà na ụzụ, engineering-geological nnyocha maka ewu rụrụ na ụdị ọ bụla nke ala, dị ka nke ọma dị ka na saịtị nke ọ bụla complexity. Ime inyocha idei mmiri ebe na ọbụna Mbuzo-ewekarị ebe. Na-akpachara anya idebe technology, ma igbaso chọrọ nke GOST ule bụ ihe ịga nke ọma.

Ọ dịkwa ike na-ebu punching ala ule na tracks. Ọ bụrụ na-egwu arụmọrụ ekenịmde ke siri ike ma ọ bizi oghere, ndị ọkachamara na-eji pụrụ iche ngwaọrụ na augers.