The ala ọnọdụ nke Amazon mpaghara. Njirimara nke Amazon region

Na akwụkwọ nke ọdịdị ala akụziri ndị dị larịị, na-amụ ha e ji mara, obodo ebe, ahụ efe, idụhe, n'ime obodo miri. Special ntị kwesịrị ịbụ akụkụ nke ókèala, bụ nke dị na South America Afrika, - Amazonian larịị. Na map chọtara ya ọrụ agaghị eme ka, ebe ọ bụ kasị na mbara ala. Ókè nke dị larịị na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke Andes ugwu usoro na-eje ozi, nọ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ya eruo n'igbere mmiri na Atlantic Ocean. Na n'ebe ugwu site na Guiana Highlands, ndịda chere ihu na Brazil Highlands.

Amazon di ala ala guzo bụghị naanị n'ihi na ya size, ma na-atụmatụ. Nke a na ebe a pụrụ ịkpọ alaeze impenetrable jungle na swamps. Ụfọdụ n'ime ụmụ anụmanụ na-ebi ebe a, ọ dị nnọọ ize ndụ. Ma ndị ọzọ na na mgbe e mesịrị.

atụmatụ nkọwa

Iji Kọwaa Amazon region, ọ dị mkpa na-uru nke atụmatụ, ihe atụ nke nke ịhụ n'okpuru. Jiri ya na-eme a nkọwa zuru ezu nke ala ihe.

atụmatụ:

1. Obere nkọwa ala ala.
2. Obodo ebe.
3. Territorial nkewa.
4. Inland mmiri.
5. Climate.
6. Ahịhịa na ala.
7. Animal World.
8. Civilization.

Ya mere, atụmatụ a mere, ị nwere ike gaba nkọwa nke larịị.

nkenke nkọwa

Amazonian larịị (na map nke dị n'ebe ndịda Ụwa) - a buru ibu ala-na-na-agha ụgha ebe nke South America. Na, dị ka e kwuru, ọ bụ ndị kasị ibu na mbara ala. Ya ebe bụ karịa 5 nde square ụkwụ. km.

Larịị guzobere n'ihi nke sedimenti rụrụ ịnweta ihe ọmụma si na ala nke kasị n'ọtụtụ mmiri osimiri nke mbara ala, na Amazon, na ala. Nke a usoro (ìgwè) mere ka afọ. Amazon di ala ala enyene dum efere. The nkezi elu nke ógbè nke 100 na 300 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

Ebee bụ Amazon larịị?

Amazon di ala ala emi odude ke trough (syneclise) South American n'elu ikpo okwu. Nke a trough jupụtara na nkume nke Paleozoic oge. Na n'ebe ugwu na n'ebe ndịda nke ebe di ala ala adabara crystalline rock ọta na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ebili na elu ugwu dị larịị.

Ebee bụ Amazon larịị na map? Iji zaa ajụjụ a, anyị kwesịrị ibu ụzọ chọpụta kọntinent South America. E, n'etiti meridians 49 Celsius na 78 Celsius n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ lonjituudu na Yiri 5 Celsius n'ebe ugwu na 19 Celsius ndịda ohere, bụ a n'ókèala sara, kpamkpam indented riverbeds. Dị ka a na-achị, map di ala ala na-anọchi greenish agba, ya mere, na-achọta ya ókè-ala-agaghị enwe ike.

territorial nkewa

Ókèala e Amazon di ala ala na-kewara abụọ na mpaghara. Nke a Western na Eastern Amazonia. The ókè-ala n'etiti ha a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu tributary nke Amazon osimiri, nri - na hapụrụ Tapajós - Rio Negro.

Western Amazonia

Ezigbo na ewepụghị teren na-anọchi anya na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ Amazonian larịị. The elu nwere ike ịdị iche iche ubé nile, ma nke a na ọnụ ọgụgụ adịghị gafere 100 m. N'ụzọ dị ịrịba gbatịrị site n'ebe ugwu gaa n'ebe ndịda, na-eru ruo 1 600 km.

n'ime obodo mmiri

Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị isi osimiri eru site na Amazon na mpaghara, sitere na n'ebe di ala ala nke Andes. Nri-enwetara site na-agbaze snow ugwu. Ọzọkwa, ha na-eri nri ala mmiri. West River Amazon na-ji ha mgbagwoju eruba ọchịchị na ọgaranya. Valley nwere nnukwu floodplain na-idei mmiri. N'oge Iju Mmiri mmiri na osimiri nwere ike zụlitere ka 10-15 m, na ejupụta ọwa na ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri kilomita. Ụfọdụ iyi idei mmiri nke mmiri ahụ ruo ọtụtụ afọ. Ndina na meandering osimiri na mmiri. Ọtụtụ mgbe e nwere ala mmiri. Ibu na nke kacha mkpa osimiri na mpaghara: Napo, Maranon, Ucayali, Beni, Japura-Caquetá, Putumayo-Isa.

Ihu Igwe atụmatụ nke Western Amazon

The ala ọnọdụ nke Amazon mpaghara nwere a kpọmkwem mmetụta na idụhe. Western akụkụ dị n'ime ndị Equatorial belt. Ebe a, na kacha iru mmiri na elu okpomọkụ. The nkezi kwa afọ oké mmiri ozuzo dị 500mm 2 500-3. Nke a bụ ndị kasị elu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mbara ala. Thundery mmiri na-enwe kwa ụbọchị na ehihie. All afọ gburugburu na mpaghara ebe a anaghị akwụsị okpomọkụ, nkezi okpomọkụ nke + 28 ° C ... + 30 Celsius C. Iru mmiri na nso nke 80-90%, na ala nwere ike iru kacha 100%.

ahịhịa

Of ahịhịa adịkwaghị mmiri Equatorial ọhịa - ọhịa na gilei. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndị a-ogwu, nke bụ isiokwu Ugboro idei mmiri ruru ka osimiri idei mmiri, na-akpọ igapo. Ọtụtụ mgbe dum floodplain bụ idei mmiri, na mmiri nwere ike hụrụ naanị ogologo osisi. Ọtụtụ mgbe ahịhịa osisi ebu mmiri karịrị anya. Site ẹsụhọde mmiri larịị ha dozie na asiaha ha onwe ha.

Ona ashed lateritic emekarị nwere oroma agba ruru n'elu oxides nke níle Önwa na ígwè. Oké ọhịa na Western Amazonia elu (okpueze nke osisi iru 30-35 m, ndị kasị agadi nnọchiteanya - ruo 60 m), na n'ime ime obodo, shadowy, impenetrable, karị, fọrọ nke nta na-akpatụbeghị aka mmadụ.

anụmanụ ụwa

The ala ọnọdụ nke Amazon region nwere ya e ji mara. Ka ihe atụ, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ e dị elu iru mmiri. Ọ bụ ya mere na mpaghara ebe a na-ebi ụmụ anụmanụ na-akasị na-na osisi. Ọ sloths, enwe, opossums, anteaters na jupụtara ejupụta region - potto si n'ezinụlọ nke marsupials. Ha osisi cat n'oké ọhịa nke Amazon pụrụ ịchọta ahụrụ jaguar, puma ma chaa isi awọ obere Jaguarundis.

Iru mmiri idụhe - zuru okè n'ebe maka ụmụ ahụhụ, nākpu akpu, na amphibians. Western Amazonia - kasị mma ebe na mbara ala dị iche iche na umu nke agwọ. Ọ bụ ebe obibi ndị kasị dị ize ndụ na-anọchite anya: zhararaka, egwu rattler, agwọ, shipohvostka-bushmaster. Ma ndị kasị ewu ewu na ụdị teren - boas, edu nnukwu agwọ na ụwa - na anaconda.
Amazonian osimiri nwere ọtụtụ anụ ọhịa. Ke adianade azụmahịa azu umu na Equatorial mmiri na-eri anụ na e nwere agụ iyi na piranhas.

Eastern Amazonia

Ọwụwa anyanwụ nke ebe di ala ala bu ihe narrower. Oke obosara - 350 km. The region ekewa site ọzọ, mgbe ụfọdụ, ime n'elu crystalline nkume. Amazon di ala ala (elu n'etiti 200 m na-ewere nkezi) n'akụkụ ọwụwa anyanwụ mgbe ụfọdụ adahade 350 mita n'elu oké osimiri.

mmiri na ego

Valley slaboizvilisty osimiri, miri bee n'ime ala. The mmiri doro anya, n'ihi na ngwa ngwa, Ugboro rapids na waterfalls. The iche nke Eastern Amazon waterways bụ na ihe ọhụrụ na agba - ọ bụ ọchịchịrị-acha anụnụ anụnụ. Ndị dị otú ahụ a ndo mmasị humic asịd, nke bụ ngwaahịa nke decomposition nke osisi. Ịrị elu nke mmiri na ndị a iyi akpasu oké mmiri ozuzo, ahụkarị na mpaghara a. Ke adianade do, na ọnụ nke oké osimiri na ebili mmiri na-abịa, na-enyekwa aka nke oge mkpọlite larịị nke osimiri.

Climate Eastern Amazonia

Eastern Amazon region dị n'ime subequatorial Ihu Igwe mpaghara. Pụtara ikuku okpomọkụ + 25 ° C ... + 28 Celsius C. Iru mmiri bụ ala karịa na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè - 80%. The nkezi kwa afọ mmiri ozuzo na-na-erughị - 1 500-2 500 mm. Ọ bụ oge ọkọchị. The ala ọnọdụ nke Amazon region bụ dị otú ahụ na n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ike-enwe mmetụta Atlantic ifufe. Ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-eme ka e guzobere idụhe. South-anyanwu ahia ifufe ewetara n'ógbè a ogologo oge nke oké ọkọchị. Na njikọ na mgbanwe a na fauna nke obodo.

Flora na fauna

N'ụzọ dị iche na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'ógbè Evergreen Equatorial ọhịa n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ ji ọnụnọ nke deciduous bushes na Savannah. Na mpaghara e nwere gbara gharịị n'ihi na nke a ebe mgbada-Mazamet na armadillos, anteaters. Ọtụtụ ụmụ ahụhụ, àkịkà, obere òké. A nnukwu iche iche nke ụmụ nnụnụ na-ahụkarị maka mpaghara a. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Amazonia nwere ike izute ọtụtụ iche iche nke icheoku, toucans. The kasị nta nnọchiteanya nke nnụnụ - hummingbirds - nakwa ndụ ebe a.

Site n'ịmụ ahịhịa nke obodo, anyị pụrụ ịhụ mmetụta nke ala ọnọdụ nke Amazon mpaghara. Ọ maara na ndị ọhịa na-eto eto na mpaghara ebe a,-atụle ga-kasị Oké ọhịa na mbara ala. Ihe karịrị ọkara nke-ulù nile nke uwa adaghị na ókèala. Environmental nsogbu dị na mba na ụwa dị ka a dum - igbukpọsị oké ọhịa. The kasị njọ pụta nwere ike ịbụ enwekwukwa griin haus mmetụta.

mmepeanya

Amazon larịị - siri ike iji nweta na mpaghara nke mbara ala na nke mmepeanya bụ fọrọ nke nta na-anọghị. Posts ebe a bụ n'ụzọ ndị na-osimiri. Yana bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Amazon na-emi odude na abụọ isi Brazil obodo - Manaus na Belém. A Brazil isi obodo na obodo nke Belém meghere korota ụzọ, naanị onye maka dum mpaghara.

Students akara ule 5-7 na-mkpa na-akọwa obodo ọnọdụ nke Amazon region, ọ na-atụ aro iji isiokwu a.