The anọ US President James Madison biography, ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị echiche

Na US akụkọ ihe mere eme, e nwere ọtụtụ ndị isi bụ ndị nwere a bukwanu mmetụta na mmepe nke mba na-esote ọtụtụ iri afọ. A ezi ihe nlereanya - Dzheyms Medison. Ọ bụ nke-anọ onye-isi United States.

Basic biographical ọmụma

A mụrụ na 1751, ọ nwụrụ na 1836. Fourth president bụ ihe a ma ama na United States n'ihi na ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị guzobere oruru nke State. Ọ na-kweere na ìhè, ọ pụtara n'ihu n'obodo Port Conway (Virginia). Ọ mere na March 16 1751. Education Dzheyms Medison ibido natara onwe (dị ka ọtụtụ na oge ya). Na 1769, ọ na-adị mfe na-abịa Princeton University.

N'oge nke a akwụkwọ a na-akpọ College of New Jersey. College ngụsị akwụkwọ - 1771. N'otu oge ahụ ọ na-aghọ onye so na Whig Discussion Club, nke predetermines ọdịnihu ya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ na nkwenkwe. Na ya akụkọ ihe mere eme nke United States na-fọrọ nke nta ka na-amalite site na ọkọ, ebe ọ bụ na Madison mere a ọtụtụ ike zuru-apụta na ọkaibe ike Ọdịdị.

Mmalite nke ya ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọrụ

N'ihi na oge mbụ na US n'ọdịnihu president dọtara uche nke okpuru na 1775. Ọ họpụtara onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Committee of Safety na Orange County. N'otu oge ahụ, Madison ghọrọ ọma dị ka ndị na-ede akwụkwọ nke a dịgasị iche iche nke akwụkwọ nta na okwu, nke ọ na-ike-akatọ na British ọchịchị.

Ọ bụghị ihe ijuanya na na 1776, a họpụtara ya onyeisi oche nke Revolutinary Committee of Virginia. Ọ bụ ya na-akwadebe a draft mkpebi na ikike, nakwa dị ka na-eme a otutu na management nke nzukọ mkpara. Site n'ụzọ na-ekwu okwu, Dzheyms Medison na-nnọọ maara nke ọma na chọọchị okirikiri ka a nwoke ahụ siri ọnwụ na a zuru ezu nkewa nke chọọchị obodo akara mbụ, wee - steeti.

Ọzọkwa o kere mbụ ọchịchị nke Virginia ma a ma ama so na mgbakọ mbụ. O sina dị, nke a nke abụọ oge ọ na-hoputara, ma na 1777 ga-eme n'ọdịnihu president bụ akụkụ nke Gọvanọ Council. The ọzọ ọwọrọiso Dzheyms Medison? Democracy na ihu ya na enwetara a na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọnụ ọgụgụ, onye mere ọtụtụ ihe n'ihi na e guzobere nke ọhaneze na usoro ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị dị adị n'ụdị na anyị maara na taa.

continental Congress

Nanị afọ atọ mgbe e mesịrị hoputara na-adịgide Adịgide nnochite anya nke n'ụlọ ala nke Continental Congress. Na oge site na 1780 ka 1783 afọ, bụ nnọọ ọrụ so, mere a otutu maka dum nke nzukọ. Ọ bụ Dzheyms Medison ọ bụ na-ede akwụkwọ nke ọtụtụ mmegharị, nke nyere Congress ike na-anakọta ụtụ isi si niile na-ekwu, nakwa dị ka nkesa mmasị na mba ụgwọ na ha, dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke bi. Ke adianade do, James ike kwalitere nnwere onwe nke igodo na Mississippi River.

Ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọzọ rụzuru

N'ihi na ndị a rụzuru ọ hoputara onyeisi oche nke Chamber of Deputies ofụri Virginia. Na 1786 ọ natara a iwu na nnwere onwe nke okpukpe, na nke nwetara nnwere onwe zuru ezu nke chọọchị obodo. Nke ikpeazụ na-adịghị kwukwara Madison Fans, ma budata imeda British mmetụta na-eto eto na ala.

Na n'otu afọ ahụ ọ na-aghọ ndị "kpatara" nke Iwu Congress na Philadelphia, je n'ebe ahụ dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke ha ala. N'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ọrụ nke Madison e kere na ratified na US oruru na 1787, dị ka ndị America na-echeta kwa afọ.

n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo na-eme

Ebe ọ bụ na Madison nnọọ nwayọọ na obi, ọ bụ ike ngwa ngwa nweta nkwanye ùgwù na obi nke ọtụtụ MPs. Ọ na-egwuri ọrụ nke onye ogbugbo n'etiti Conservatives na-akwado nke ọhụrụ gọọmenti etiti, nke nwere ike ime ka mba ndị siri ike. The Chamber of Deputies ji otu olu na-atụ aro na Virginia James confederal nzuko omeiwu, ma n'ihi na afọ 1787-88 ọ rụrụ ọrụ New York. O dere, sị a na usoro nke akwụkwọ, nke a na-akpọ maka ihe e kere eke nke a iwu ọhụrụ.

N'ihi ya, US oruru nke 1787 guzosie ike kpọmkwem ndisịn idem nke nwere ọgụgụ isi na energetic nwoke maara otú kpakorita na "punching" ya echiche nke onwe ọbụna gburugburu ebe na ha na-agaghị anabata.

Dị iche iche echiche na usoro ochichi

All ndị a ihe, aka site pseudonym "Pọbliọs," e bipụtara na a akwụkwọ akpọ "The Federalist", bipụtara tupu usoro nke ratification nke oruru. Taa, a na mbipụta a maara dị ka "Dzheyms Medison, Federalist ndetu." Ọ bụ ọrụ a nke Madison maka oge mbụ na ichepụta ihe postulates na na-anya ka ntọala nke oge a pluralism.

Ọzọkwa, ọdịnihu president kwadoro Republican ụdị ọchịchị, na-arụ ụka na ndị dị otú a ike ga-ike a buru ibu ma na dynamically-emepe emepe obodo. Anyị nwere ike ikwu na onye a bụ US malitere a akụkọ na taa a na-akụzi na American ụlọ akwụkwọ. Ọ bụrụ na ọ bụ ruo Madison, kama, ọ bụghị onye nọọrọ onwe ha ala, na obodo nke okpuru, ya na-eme na-amanye ka ileba-eto eto na obodo ndị ọzọ Player na mba arena (gụnyere UK).

The ụzọ ka onyeisi oche

Na 1788, Madison a họpụtara na Kọmitii maka ratification site Virginia. Na-akwado ya na-aghọta na mba chọrọ ngwa ngwa onye dị otú ahụ: udo na nnọgidesi ike nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu president e mkpa ngwa ngwa ka tinyeaka na n'usoro ochichi. Otu ihe dị mkpa àgwà nke Madison nwere ikike kpakorita. Ọ bụ ike ka kwenye ọbụna ndị kasị-agụsi ndị na-emegide nke a n'usoro iwu ochichi obodo na steeti na-enweta na Nsonye na iri ebe akwụkwọ, a maara ugbu a dị ka ndị Bill nke Rights.

Yana Jefferson, ọ na-emepụta mbụ Republican Party, mezuo ọrụ nke mmegide Bloc. Jefferson, onye anya na-aghọ president, echefukwala banyere ọrụ nke Madison. Ọ nyere ya na-akpakọrịta nke State Secretary, a post nke ọ nọrọ na oge site na 1801 ka 1809. Historians ghara inwe obi abụọ na James na n'oge a nwere a bukwanu mmetụta na mmepe nke obodo, ebe ọ bụ na Jefferson bụ mgbe niile gakwuuru ya.

N'ihi ya, Dzheyms Medison gbachiteere echiche nke ihe e kere eke nke US ụdị ọchịchị a na-akpọ iwu Republic.

Ọ ghọrọ president?

Ọ hoputara US president na 1808. Tupu nke a, n'ime Republican Party ẹkenịmde a ụdị "mpi", iji nyere ọganihu nke ndị kasị ekwe nwa akwukwo. Eleezie, Madison Akananam mere a tupu ntuli aka ekwu okwu, ma ya nkwalite nwere na-akwado na party. Dị ka ọtụtụ mgbe, James ike kpakorita na ụfọdụ ndị na-emegide ya nomination, na-eme Vice President 60-afọ George Clinton.

E mere nke a nanị dị ka a ụtụ, n'ihi na ọ ga-emezu ha kpọmkwem ọrụ onye na ahụ nwere ike ọ bụghị. Ugbua na 1812, ọ na-anọchi Elbridge Gerry, onye gosiri na ya dị ka osote-president ka a eru ọkachamara.

Isi n'uru nke ọhụrụ president

Na 1808, ndị America nwere otu isiokwu nke ụka - okwu banyere mmebi na ọ na-akpata a ahia mgbochi si 1807, e site United Alaeze na ya Satellites. Dara sharply ebupụ ọtụtụ akụ ha zopụrụ mere ha na-eri na-budata belata. Shipowners na-chọrọ ngwa ngwa ka ịmalitegharịa njem, ebe ọ bụ na uzọ ọzọ dum iga usoro ga-atawo na N'ezie nke naanị a di na nwunye nke afọ. Dzheyms Medison (esịtidem atumatu nke ya dị iche iche dara nha) mere ihe iwelata mmebi site na-emepe emepe anụ ụlọ ahịa na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ ọbọ mgbochi.

N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ndị ọchịchị usoro ihe omume nke Madison dabeere na-akpọ "aku oha". Karịsịa, o kweere na na ikpe nke a kwe omume agha agha nke n'usoro ochichi ghara igbochi ya na onwe ha na-arụ ọrụ nke ala, ma na ọnọdụ na ha na-eme adịghị emerụ Central-agba a gọọmenti etiti. Nnọọ ịrịba ama bụ àgwà nke Madison ndị India, bụ ndị o kwenyere na chụọrọ-enye aka, tinyere ego iti aka n'obi! N'ihi na oge ọ bụ n'ezie a itunanya, ma ihu ọma nke ihe ka ọtụtụ na otu, nke a echiche na-adịghị natara.

The mesiri ike na oru ubi na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe mmepụta

Madison Jefferson n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-akọrọ kweere banyere ndị kasị elu uru nke ugbo, ma na-kwetara na ọganihu na ike nke na United States na-agaghị ekwe omume na-enweghị a ike ulo oru isi. Ya bụ mmepe nke agriculture na ulo oru mmepụta e ji ihe fọrọ nke nta ya nile oge na ụlọ ọrụ.

Nke mere ka agha Britain?

Ọchịchọ a na-bụghị mgbe niile na-aga na-ekweta nke a maka abamuru nke president. N'ihi ya, na-akpụ a ọchịchị ọhụrụ, ọ na-ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu agbụ ya contractual ọrụ, ya mere na a ahụ n'ụzọ dị ukwuu banyere mediocre oru. Ewezụga bụ ikekwe na Albert Gallatin, ndị fọdụrụnụ nke ochie Ọdịdị nke gọọmenti. The State Department mere ka ọbụna Robert Smith of Maryland, nke na 1811 bụ mkpa ngwa ngwa iji dochie James Monroe ruru ka mezue ọdịda, na ikekwe mgbaka.

Ma Dzheyms Medison (ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị echiche dị iche ohere) gosiri na-nnọọ ume ma na bụrụkwa onye na-achị. Ọ bụ ya na-na 1810 kwuru n'ihu mgbasawanye nke West Florida, nke n'ihu so Spanish okpueze. Obere oge gasịrị, ndị nnupụisi jide unceremoniously Spanish n'ókèala na kwusara oruru nke Republic. Ugbua na 1811 na president mara ọkwa na United States nwere a na-ekwu na East Florida. Na njedebe, jisiri kpakorita na Spaniards ... ma ọ bụghị na British, onye n'ụzọ ọ bụla egbochi nke a. N'ihi na ha na isi-ike agha malitere.

Ma n'otu oge ahụ onyeisi oche bụ ike na-emegide ndị dị otú ahụ a development. Dzheyms Medison, onye kwuru na a ụbọchị a na-akụzi na American ụlọ akwụkwọ, n'oge a si na-esonụ: "Of ndị iro ọha nnwere onwe, ọ ga-abụ ihe egwu nke agha, n'ihi na ọ nwere izizi na okooko niile fọdụrụ." Otú ọ dị, ka na-alụ ọgụ.

Akasiaha agha

Ke ufọt ufọt 1812 nweta ozi ndị British Minister nke Foreign Policy na United States na mba ya na-agaghị unilaterally kagbuo ahia mgbochi. Onwere, otu adịghị, na Napoleon, kama n'ihi na America nwere ike ikwusa agha abụọ European ike. Ma uche ka meriri.

Site British iyi egwu bịara ọzọ n'ụzọ doro anya, na agha na abụọ asakde iso ese, na-eto eto na ala a ga-o doro anya na na-adọrọ mmasị. Na mmalite oge okpomọkụ, Dzheyms Medison (onye biography anyị nkenke hụrụ) na-ekwu na nzuko omeiwu, ọ ga-akpọkwa agha na Britain, nke ... egwu ịdị n'otu na ịdị adị nke American mba. Na a maara na ọdịdọ nke American arịa, ịtọrọ mmadụ na igbu ọchụ nke US ụmụ amaala, nakwa dị ka ikwanye nke Indian ebo bụ mpụ n'okpuru eluigwe na ala ikpe. N'agbanyeghị doo nke nkwupụta nke agha mkpebi e nyere ya adịghị mfe.

Congress nnọkọ ẹkenịmde nzuzo, ndi oru nta akuko na akuko na e kweghị, dị ka e kwuru nke bụ kwa njọ. N'etiti ndị òtù nzuko omeiwu na ọchịchị dị ọtụtụ ndị na-emegide agha onye na-ekwu banyere "enweghị ego, ọkachamara agha, agha ụtụ isi." N'agbanyeghị nke a, na njedebe nke June 1812 President of Madison eze ọkwa mmalite nke agha megide Great Britain.

a emezughị truce

Oddly ezu, n'oge na-adịghị na British mara ọkwa nkwusioru nke trading nke mgbochi, mgbe nke ahụ US ọchịchị chọrọ ịme a truce. Madison onwe ya choro unconditionally akwụsị agha na oké osimiri, ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri ka daba na kwụsị ohi nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri obodo. Ma mgbe nke 1812 na UK ajụwo niile ọnọdụ ndị a, mgbe ahụ, agha gara n'ihu.

Central-ekwu bụ nnọọ ghara inwe afọ ojuju na-aga n'ihu na-alụ ọgụ. Na n'ihi na oyi nke Commission ji re-ntuli aka Madison e kere n'otu afọ. Ma nke a bụ ekwe omume, ọ bụ ezie na nke etiti-ekwu, nke president E nyeghị a otu votu. Na 1814, mgbe afọ abụọ agha, ọnọdụ nke ndị America njọ n'ihu, dị ka ọ na Europe, Napoleon nyefere. The British ndị ike nyefee tọhapụrụ nkewa, mgbe ahụ Capitol na White House ọkụ n'ala, na Madison na ọchịchị ngwa ngwa ọsọ.

Ọnọdụ, Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-adịghị jisiri kwụrụ ọtọ, na a udo nkwekorita e banyere 1815. N'oge na-adịghị president resigns, ma ọ na-ewe ifịk akụkụ na-ewu na-eto eto mba. Olee ihe ọzọ a maara Dzheyms Medison? Politics na akụkọ ihe mere eme oge mara ya dị ka a ọha ọgụgụ, nke gafere a iwu na free onwe-mkpebi siri ike nke Negro na nri nke nloghachi nke ndị niile na-achọ inwere Africa. Nke ahụ bụ ihe e ji mara: e nwere ndị dị otú ahụ na nkeji.