The magnetik Njirimara nke ihe

Mgbe enịm ke a ndọta nke ihe ihe, ya "omume" na ụdị anụ ụlọ bughi mgbanwe ga-adabere na ihe onwunwe site na nke ihe e mere. All mara ihe nwere ike kere n'ime ise isi iche iche: paramagnetic, ferromagnetic na antiferromagnetic, ferrimagnetic na diamagnetic. Dị ka a nhazi ọkwa, dị iche iche magnetik Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe. Iji chọpụta ihe a na-zoro n'azụ usoro ndị a, tụlee nke ọ bụla otu ihe zuru ezu.

Bekee na-egosi Njirimara nke paramagnetism, magnetik permeability ji na a mma ịrịba ama, n'agbanyeghị nke uru nke mpụga ndọta nke ihe amama. The kasị mma mara ihe nnọchiteanya nke otu a bụ nitric oxide na oxygen gas, alkaline-ụwa na alkaline iche iche na ferrous nnu.

The elu magnetik susceptibility mma akara (1 esịmde Mill.) Pụta Ụwa ferromagnets. N'ịbụ dabere na osisi ike nke mpụga ubi na okpomọkụ susceptibility dịgasị ọtụtụ ebe. Ihe, ebe ọ bụ na oge nke elementrị ahụ dị iche sublattices na Ọdịdị, ngụkọta uru nke oge bụ efu.

Dị ka aha, na na ụfọdụ nke Njirimara na ha dị nso ferromagnetic ihe onwunwe. Ha dị n'otu nnukwu na nduzi nke susceptibility nke okpomọkụ na ubi na ike, ma e nwere ndị dị iche iche. The magnetik oge enịm ke sublattices atọm ahaghị nhata ọ bụla ọzọ Otú ọ dị, n'adịghị ka ndị gara aga otu, ngụkọta oge bụ nonzero. Umi pụta ụwa na n'amaghi magnetization. Communication antiparallel sublattices. The kasị mara ferrites. Magnetik Njirimara nke ogige nke otu a na-elu, n'ihi na ha na-eji na nkà.

Nke otu mmasị bụ a ìgwè nke antiferromagnets. N'elu jụrụ, dị bekee n'okpuru a ụfọdụ okpomọkụ ịgba atọm na ion mere ndokwa na a crystal lattice Ọdịdị ndammana ịgbanwe ha magnetik oge, na-enweta protivoparallelnoe nghazi. A kpamkpam dị iche iche usoro-ewe ebe site kpo oku bekee - o dere magnetik Njirimara e ji mara maka otu ìgwè nke paramagnetic bekee. Ihe Nlereanya gụnyere carbonates, oxides, na otú pụta.

Ndien ke akpatre, na diamagnetic. The magnetik Njirimara nke bekee nke otu a na-adịghị adabere na ubi osisi ike, na a uru nke magnetik susceptibility bụ na-ezighị ezi. Ọ bụrụ na umi nwere a covalent nkekọ, ọ bụ a "dị ọcha" diamagnetic. Representatives - gold, ọla kọpa, inert, haruru na otú pụta.

The magnetik Njirimara nke ihe onwunwe na-ọtụtụ-eji nkà na ụzụ. Ka ihe atụ, windings transformer windings emerụ na adụ magnetik ihe. High permeability na magnetized ka saturation, ọbụna ala ike, pụtara a warara hysteresis loop na eserese, nakwa dị ka obere ọnwụ na magnetik nloghachi na-ekwu na ọkụ eletrik. Ọ bụrụ na magnetik Njirimara nke ihe-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi na juu magnetik ihe onwunwe, maka ngwaahịa mere nke ya ji a ịrịba eruba na-bụghị naanị site na saturation. Na omume, nke a pụtara na inwe ike belata size nke magnetik circuit, si otú mbenata ngwa arọ. Otú ọ dị, uru na mwepu ụgha - nwetụ ubi site Eddy okwukwo dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe na-eme ka kpo oku, otú a ikwere ihe ngwọta na-bogbuo onye na-eduzi.

Ọzọ ụdị ihe onwunwe - ike magnetik coercive ike nke ọ dịkarịa ala 4000 amperes kwa mita. Nke a pụtara na magnetik n'ubi nke akwa siri, mgbe nke ihe retains magnetik Njirimara, na-aghọ dị mkpa maka magnetization nloghachi nke a na-adịgide adịgide magnet.