Ugwu Rushmore. Ndị isi na Mount Rushmore

Ugwu Rushmore ruo ugbu a bụ otu n'ime ebe ndị ama ama ama ma ama na United States of America. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ si kwuo, kwa afọ a na-eleta ncheta obodo a site ihe dị ka nde mmadụ atọ si n'obodo dị iche iche na mba dị iche iche. Nye ndị America n'onwe ha, nnukwu nnukwu mmiri a na-efe efe ghọrọ ihe nnọchianya, na-echeta ụkpụrụ ndị e kere ala ha.

Ebe nke Ugwu Rushmore

O doro anya na ọtụtụ ndị maara banyere ịdị adị nke nkume na nnukwu ihe oyiyi. Ma olee ebe Ugwu Rushmore dị? Ncheta na-emi odude na ókèala nke US steeti South Dakota, na nso obodo Kingston. Ewubere nnukwu ala a na efere na nkume granite na ugwu ugwu Black Hills.

Ihe ole na ole banyere akụkọ ebe a

N'ụzọ na-akpali mmasị, tupu ịchịisi nke ógbè America, mmalite ugwu a na ala ndị gbara ya gburugburu bụ ndị Lakota India. N'afọ 1868, ndị United States tinyere aka na nkwekọrịta udo na ndị obodo ahụ, dịka ala ahụ si bụrụ nke ndị India. Ma na 1874 gold chọpụtara ebe a, mgbe nke gọọmenti choro ka resettle amaala ndị mmadụ na ndoputa. Ya mere, n'afọ 1876, Agha Sioux Ukwu malitere, bụ nke mechara merie ndị India.

Ebee ka aha ugwu ahụ si malite?

N'oge ndị nwe ala ndị a bụ ndị India, ugwu nwere aha dị iche - isii nna nna. Ma na 1885, onye ama ama ahia America bụ Charles Rushmore rutere n'ógbè a tinyere njem ahụ.

N'afọ 1930, gọọmentị kpebiri ịmegharị ugwu ahụ, na-akpọ ya aha onye ọrụ ụgbọ ibu a ma ama - nke a pụtara n'ugwu Rushmore na United States. Site n'ụzọ, Maazị Rushmore nyere otu puku dọla ise iji mepụta ihe osise. N'oge ahụ, a tụlere onyinye dị otú ahụ dị oke oke.

Olee otú echiche nke ịmepụta ihe ncheta?

N'ezie, echiche nke ịmepụta ihe ncheta dị otú ahụ abụghị ihe ọhụrụ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1849, Senator Thomas Hart Benton gwara ya ka o mee nnukwu ọkpụkpụ nke Christopher Columbus n'ugwu Rocky.

Ka o sina dị, a na-ewere nna nke Ugwu Rushmore dịka ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ Doan Robinson. Ọ bụ ya na-na 1923 mere a amaghị na-akụ aka n'ụzọ a ole na ole nnukwu ọkpụkpụ n'ugwu massif adọta ndị njem nleta. Dị ka ọ dị, echiche ya yiri dị iche, ebe ọ na-atụ aro ịkọwa ndị dike nke Wild West.

Ya echiche ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na-akọrọ ma ama ọkpụ Hudson Borglum. Na ugbua na 1924, ha nile gara Black Hills iji mụọ ala. Ka o sina dị, Borglum kwetara ịmalite ọrụ ahụ nanị ma ọ bụrụ na ndị mmadụ nọ n'Ugwu Rushmore abụghị nanị nleta ndị njem nleta, kama ọ bụ ihe nnọchiteanya nke okike nke nnukwu ala. Ndi mmadu a choputara kwesiri ime mgbanwe nye onye obula nke mba. Ya mere Mount Rushmore weghaara "ihu" ya. Site n'ụzọ, mkparịta ụka banyere nhọrọ nke ndị a ma ama na-eduzi ogologo oge.

Ugwu Rushmore: ndị isi na ọrụ ha na mmepe nke steeti

Onye ọ bụla n'ime ndị ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, bụ ndị ihu ya na nkume, na-achịkwa ọ bụghị nanị ịhapụ akara n'akụkọ ihe mere eme, kamakwa iji mee ka mba ahụ sie ike.

Dị ka ihe atụ, onyeisi oche mbụ Dzhordzh Vashington bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị iconic ọgụgụ ndị mere nke ala. E kwuwerị, ọ bụ ya dughaara mgba nke ndị agha America ma kwusaa agha na Great Britain. Ekele ya nke ukwuu, mba ọhụrụ ahụ nwetara nnwere onwe dị otú ahụ. Na mgbakwunye, President Washington kwadoro ntọala maka mmepe nke ochichi onye kwuo uche America. Ọtụtụ ndị kweere na ihu ya bụ onye kasị mkpa na nkume.

Ihe osise nke abụọ bụ ihu Thomas Jefferson, onye isi nke United States, onye edemede nke Nkwupụta nke Onwe. Ke adianade do, n'oge ọchịchị nke president a, ókèala obodo ahụ fọrọ nke nta ka okpukpu abụọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, na 1803 ọ zụrụ Louisiana, wee gbakwunye ọtụtụ nchịkọta.

Ọ dịghị onye a ma ama na Abraham Lincoln - onyeisi oche nke iri na isii nke United States. Orughi oru ya na steeti enweghi ike imeri ya, n'ihi na o bu onye malitere mgba maka mkpochapu ohu ohu na United States. Ọzọkwa, nwoke a gbalịrị iweghachite ịdị n'otu nke mba ahụ mgbe agha siri ike.

The ikpeazụ a họọrọ Teodor Ruzvelt, onye ofụri ya ọrụ agbalịwo na nnukwu monopolies, na-agbalị ka e meere ikike nke na-arụ ọrụ na klas, ma rụọ ọrụ dị mkpa na mmejuputa oru ngo maka owuwu nke na Panama Canal.

Dika ị pụrụ ịhụ, ndị isi nọ n'Ugwu Rushmore mere ka ha nwee ike ịhapụ akara aka na akụkọ ntolite ụwa na n'obi nke ndị America ọ bụla.

Kedu ka e si ewu ụlọ ahụ?

N'eziokwu, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ bụ naanị nnukwu nkà na ahụmịhe ka e ji emepụta nnukwu ihe ncheta dị otú ahụ, kamakwa, ọ bụ ihe ụfọdụ na-emepụta ihe. E kwuwerị, ogologo nke ihu ọ bụla nke ndị isi dị ihe dị ka mita 18, ha nọkwa n'elu nkume ahụ. N'ihi otutu ihe omumaputa, Ugwu Rushmore abughi nani ihe ndi mmadu na-eme njem nleta na ndi akuko-ajuju, a gbara ya ume n'ile ndi sayensi.

Ọrụ oru malitere na 1927. N'agbanyeghị, na mgbe ahụ, Mr. Borglum, bụ onye na-eduzi ọrụ ahụ, adịworị afọ 60. Ihe e kere eke na-adabere n'ọnọdụ dị otú a siri nnọọ ike. Na mbụ, ndị ọrụ wuru nnukwu nkume na nkume - ndị a bụ blanks maka isi. Mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, nkume ahụ gbara gburugburu lumps gbawara na dynamite. E mesịa, a na-emepụta ihe ndị ọzọ dị nkenke site na wedges, sledge hammers and haneers pneumatic.

Ugwu Rushmore tinyere ihu nke ndị isi president nke anọ a na-akwanyere ùgwù bụ ndị e mere maka afọ iri na anọ. N'ime oge a, e wepụrụ ihe karịrị tọn 360 nke nkume site n'ókèala nke massif a. E ji ihe dị ka otu nde dollar mee ihe e ji eme Ememe Ncheta ahụ, bụ nke dị n'oge ahụ dị elu-elu. Na, ọ dị mma, n'oge a na-ewu ụlọ, ọ bụghị otu onye merụrụ ahụ, n'agbanyeghị ezigbo ọnọdụ ọrụ ike na ize ndụ.

Ọmalite nke ncheta na ngwụcha nke iwu

Ebe ọ bụ na e ji nwayọọ nwayọọ kee ihe a, mgbe ahụ ha meghere ha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ndị ọha na eze nwere ike ịhụ ihu nke President nke Washington na mbụ na 1934 - ememe mmeghe ahụ na nke anọ nke ọnwa July. N'afọ abụọ ka e mesịrị, na 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt pụtara na ememe nke mmalite nke ihe oyiyi nke Thomas Jefferson.

Emere ihe oyiyi nke Abraham Lincoln na 1937, ya bụ na Septemba 17, mgbe mba ahụ dum mere ememe ncheta 150 nke ntinye aka n'akwụkwọ iwu. Na mgbe ọzọ afọ abụọ, ndị njem nleta nwere ike ịmasị mmasị zuru ezu. Site n'uzo ahu, n'otu afo 1939, e tinyere usoro ihe omimi nke abali n'uwa nke Ncheta nke mba.

Ruo afọ abụọ ọzọ, ọrụ nọgidere na-eme ihe ncheta ahụ. A sị ka e kwuwe, ọ bụghị ihe nzuzo na Hudson Borglum ga-emepe ihe oyiyi ahụ. Ma, ọ dị mwute na, na March 1941, onye a ma ama a ma ama nwụrụ. N'oge a na-elekọta ọrụ ahụ weere nwa ya nwoke bụ Lincoln. Ma n'ihe gbasara oke aka nke mba a na Agha nke Abụọ, a kpebiri ịrụ ọrụ ahụ. N'October 31, 1941, Echetara Ncheta Ọnụ Nche zuru ezu.

Njem nleta na mpaghara ncheta obodo ahụ

Ọ bụghị onye ọ bụla maara na njem bụ ego kachasị ukwuu nke ego maka South Dakota. E kere ugwu Rushmore (USA) iji mee ka ndị njem nleta. Ọ na-aga n'ihu na-emezu ozi ya ruo taa.

Kwa afọ, ọ na-eleta ndị njem nleta nke atọ na Ncheta Ncheta nke Mba, bụ nke, n'ezie, na-emetụta ụtụ isi nke ala. Gburugburu ugwu ahụ, enwere ọtụtụ ebe nkiri ndị ọzọ na-akpali mmasị ịhụ.

Na mgbakwunye, National Park, nke ókèala ya dị n'ókèala ya, bụ otu n'ime ụlọ ọrụ egwuregwu kachasị ukwuu na nke a ma ama n'ụwa. N'ezie, a machibidoro ike itinye aka n'ụdị egwuregwu a na mpaghara ebe a na-ese ihe, ma ọtụtụ n'ime ugwu dị njikere maka ndị chọrọ.

Ihe ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị

Na-esote nkume ahụ, e nwere Lincoln Center nke Borglum na ụlọ ngosi ihe ngosi nke a na-enye aka ileta ndị njem nleta niile. E nwere nnukwu ụlọ mgbakọ ukwu abụọ n'ókèala ya, ebe ihe nkiri banyere ihe okike nke Ugwu Rushmore na-agbasa. N'ebe ahụ, Sculptor's Studio dị, ebe ị nwere ike ilele ụdị dị iche iche nke ihe ncheta ahụ (gụnyere nsụgharị mbụ ya), tinyere ngwaọrụ ndị eji wuo ya.

Ihe ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị bụ nke a na-akpọ Flags Alley, bụ nke ọkọlọtọ ukara nke agbụrụ dị iche iche, mpaghara na ókèala United States gbara gburugburu. Site n'ụzọ, a na-ahazi ha n'usoro ederede. Egwurugwu ahụ jikọtara ya na ụzọ isi ala na panoramic terrace.

N'akụkụ nke Ncheta Ọnụ Ọchịchị, a na-akpọghachi obodo Lakota India omenala, nke nwere oge ndị a. A na-enye ndị na-eme njem nleta ndị a ịmara onwe ha n'ụzọ ndụ, ọdịnala na ụzọ ndụ nke ụmụ amaala.