Ụzọ nke ule software na tụnyere ha. Testing usoro nke "igbe oji" ule na usoro nke "na-acha ọcha igbe"

Testing software (SW) ịchọpụta gaps, ezughị okè na na njehie na koodu na mkpa ka a gwara okwu. Ọ nwekwara ike ike kọwaa dị ka usoro nke na-eleru ndị ọrụ na correctness nke software na-enyemaka nke analysis. Basic ụzọ nke mwekota na ule nke software ngwa na-hụ àgwà bụ iji nwalee nkọwapụta, imewe na nzuzo, pụrụ ịdabere ntule, nkwado na nkwenye.

ụzọ

Isi nzube nke software ule - nkwenye nke àgwà software usoro site Ịhazi debugging ngwa n'okpuru nlezianya chịkwaa ọnọdụ iji chọpụta ha ihe zuru ezu na izi ezi, nakwa dị ka nchọpụta nke zoro njehie.

The ụzọ nke nkwenye (ule) mmemme nwere ike kere n'ime static na-akpa ike.

Ihe mbụ na-agụnye n'ịgba, nlekota na oru nyochaa, nnyocha, nzọụkwụ site nzọụkwụ analysis, auditing, nakwa dị ka static data eruba analysis na management.

Dynamic usoro ndị:

1. White igbe ule. Nke a bụ a zuru ezu ọmụmụ nke esịtidem mgbagha na Ọdịdị nke usoro ihe omume. Ọ dị mkpa ka ihe ọmụma nke ndị isi koodu.
2. Black igbe ule. Nke a na Usoro anaghị achọ ihe ọ bụla ihe ọmụma banyere n'ime workings nke ngwa. Anyị tụlee naanị ndị bụ isi akụkụ nke usoro, metụtara ma ọ bụ metụtara na a ole na ole nke ya esịtidem ezi uche Ọdịdị.
3. Gray igbe usoro. Ọ na-agwakọta abụọ gara aga na-eru nso. Debugging na amachaghị nke esịtidem ịrụ ọrụ nke ngwa na-achọkwa na ihe ọmụma nke bụ isi akụkụ nke usoro.

uzo ule

The ọcha igbe usoro eji ule scripts ịchịkwa Ọdịdị nke ahụ usoro imewe. Nke a na Usoro na-enye ohere na-ekpughe, mmejuputa iwu-njehie, dị ka nsogbu management koodu usoro site n'inyocha a akụkụ nke dị n'ime r® nile nke software. Ndị a ule ụzọ na-na ọdabara mwekota, modul na usoro etoju. The tester ga nwere ohere ndị isi koodu na-eji ya iji chọpụta nke unit na-akpa àgwà na-ekwesịghị ekwesị.

Anwale omume site na-acha ọcha-igbe nwere ndị na-esonụ uru:

• Ọ na-enye ohere ịchọpụta njehie na ndochianya zoro ezo site na iwepu-enweghị isi e;
• na ojiji nke n'akụkụ-mmetụta;
• kacha mkpuchi na-enweta site na-ede a ule edemede.

ọghọm:

• elu-na-eri usoro, na-achọ ọkà debugger;
• ọtụtụ ụzọ ịnọgide unexplored n'ihi ọma ego niile kwere omume zoro ezo njehie bụ nnọọ mgbagwoju;
• ụfọdụ nke koodu ga-ebugharị ama.

White igbe ule na-akpọ mgbe ụfọdụ site anwale a uzo ma ọ bụ na-emeghe igbe, bughi, ezi uche ule, dabeere na ndị isi koodu, na mgbagha ije.

Isi iche:

1) anwale eruba akara - bughi atụmatụ iji usoro ihe omume akara eruba nlereanya na dị ka na-erite ihe dị mfe ụzọ ole na ole ihe mgbagwoju;

2) Alaka e mere na-amụ debugging ọ bụla nhọrọ (eziokwu ma ọ bụ ụgha) nke ọ bụla na-achịkwa ọrụ, nke na-agụnye a jikọtara ihe;

3) ule nke isi ụzọ, nke na-enye ohere tester ka ezi uche mgbagwoju ụfọdụ usoro oru ngo maka akpa iche a isi set nke ogbugbu ụzọ;

4) ile data iyi - eruba akara atụmatụ nke nnyocha site annotations gụọ ọmụma banyere ad na-eji usoro ihe omume variables;

5) cycles ule - n'ụzọ zuru ezu lekwasịrị anya ziri ezi na ime ihe nke cyclic Filiks.

akparamàgwà debugging

Black igbe ule si emeso software dị ka a "nwa igbe" - ọmụma banyere n'ime workings nke usoro ihe omume na-adịghị gua, na-enyocha naanị ndị bụ isi akụkụ nke usoro. Na nke a, na tester kwesịrị ịma usoro ije enweghị ohere ndị isi koodu.

Uru nke a:

• arụmọrụ maka nnukwu koodu nke;
• mfe nghọta tester;
• ọrụ n'ọnọdụ a n'ụzọ doro anya iche na Mmepụta echiche (programmer na tester na onwe ha nke onye ọ bụla ọzọ);
• ngwa ngwa e kere eke nke ule.

Testing software igbe oji usoro nwere ndị na-esonụ ọghọm:

• n'ezie rụrụ a họrọ nọmba nke ule mgbe, n'ihi na mmachi mkpuchi;
• enweghị a doro anya nkọwapụta ike ịzụlite ule scripts;
• ala arụmọrụ.

Ndị ọzọ na aha maka nke a technology - akparamàgwà, na-abụghị uzo, ọtọ ule na debugging usoro nke a na-emechi igbe.

Nke a na udi pụrụ ịgụnye ndị na-esonụ software ule usoro:

1) Ẹkot nkebi, nke nwere ike ibelata set nke ule data dị ka ọsọ ọsọ software modul data a kwatuwokwa n'ime iche iche akụkụ;

2) ókè uru analysis na-elekwasị anya nkwenye nke ókè ma ọ bụ oké ịgba ụkpụrụ - kacha nta, kacha, na-ahụkarị ụkpụrụ nke njehie;

3) fuzzing - eji mejuputa search site inputting njehie ma ọ bụ merụọ data poluiskazhennyh na akpaka ma ọ bụ ọkara akpaka mode;

4) adabere nke causality - a Usoro dabeere na e kere eke nke grafụ na-ekpebi na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ihe na ya ihe: njirimara, negation, ezi uche OR na ezi uche na - na anọ bụ isi ihe odide, na-egosi mmekọrịta dị n'etiti kpatara ihe na mmetụta;

5) Nkwenye nke orthogonal arrays etinyere nsogbu na a dịtụ obere input ebe uku ekwe omume nke ike ịgwụcha agwụcha research;

6) anwale niile na abụọ - a Usoro ebe a set nke ule ụkpụrụ mejupụtara niile kwere omume ọnụọgụ abụọ n'ịgwa nke ọ bụla ụzọ nke input kwa;

7) debugging ala mgbanwe - a na Usoro bara uru maka ịlele ọnọdụ nke igwe, nakwa dị ka ịnyagharịa site GUI ọrụ.

Black igbe ule: Ihe Nlereanya

black-igbe Usoro dabeere na nkọwa, akwụkwọ, na nkowa nke software interface ma ọ bụ usoro. Ke adianade do, ị nwere ike iji ụdị (iwu ma ọ bụ n'ịgba), na-anọchi anya na-atụ anya na omume nke software.

A, usoro a na-eji maka debugging ọrụ interface ma na-achọ na mmekọrịta na ngwa site na-ewebata a data collection na utịp - si ihuenyo, si akụkọ ma ọ bụ printouts.

The tester, ya mere, interacts na software site inputting, site n'ime ihe na switches, mkpọchi ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ ihu. Oke nke input data, iji nke ochichi ma ọ bụ usoro nke omume nwere ike ime ka a buru ibu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke n'ịgwa, dị ka e gosiri na ndị na-esonụ ihe atụ.

Olee otú ọtụtụ ule mkpa ime iji na-elele niile kwere omume ụkpụrụ maka 4 windo ọkọlọtọ na otu-apụ ubi, ịtọ oge na sekọnd? Na mbụ n'anya ngụkọta oge dị mfe: 4 ubi na abụọ e nwere ike na-ekwu, - 24 = 16, nke a ga-uba site na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kwere omume ọnọdụ site 00 ruo 99, i.e. 1600 omume ule.

Otú ọ dị, nke a ngụkọta oge na-ezighị ezi: anyị nwere ike ikpebi na abụọ mgbe ubi nwere ike ịnwekwa a ohere, ie ya mejupụtara abụọ alphanumeric ọnọdụ na pụrụ ịgụnye alphanumeric odide, pụrụ iche, oghere, wdg N'ihi ya, ọ bụrụ na .... usoro a 16-bit na kọmputa, gbanwee 216 = 65536 otu onye maka otu ọnọdụ na nke pụrụ ịkpata 4294967296 ule ikpe ndị a ga-uba site 16 n'ịgwa nke ọkọlọtọ nke na-enye a ngụkọta nke 68.719.476 736. ọ bụrụ na ha na-arụ na 1 ule kwa abụọ, ngụkọta cont olzhitelnost testing bụ 2 177.5 afọ. N'ihi na 32 ma ọ bụ 64-bit na usoro, oge ọbụna karị.

Ya mere na e nwere mkpa iji belata oge a na-anara nke larịị. N'ihi ya, usoro a ga-etinyere iji belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ule ikpe enweghị mbenata akporo ule.

narị afọ ise tupu partitioning

Ẹkot nkebi bụ a dị mfe usoro na bụ na ọdabara maka ọ bụla variables na ndị ugbu ke software, ma input ma ọ bụ mmepụta ụkpụrụ, ihe atụ, ọnụọgụ, na ndị ọzọ. Ọ dabeere na ụkpụrụ ahụ niile data site na otu Ẹkot nkebi ga-emeso otú ahụ na ndị na otu ntuziaka.

N'oge ule, họrọ otu nnọchiteanya nke ọ bụla akpan akpan narị afọ ise tupu nkebi. Nke a-enye gị ohere n'usoro belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke kwere omume ule ikpe na-enweghị ọnwụ nke mkpuchi nke iwu na ọrụ.

Ọzọ N'ihi ya nke a partitioning bụ iji belata combinatorial gbawara n'etiti dị iche iche variables na metụtara Mbelata ule ikpe.

Ihe atụ, na (1 / x) ^1/2 eji atọ data usoro, atọ Ẹkot nkebi:

1. All mma nọmba ga-emeso ke otu ụzọ na kwesịrị inye ezi pụta.

2. All ọjọọ nọmba na-edozi ke otu ụzọ na otu N'ihi. Nke a bụ na-ekwesịghị ịdị, n'ihi na mgbọrọgwụ nke a na-adịghị mma ọgụgụ bụ chepụtara echepụta.

3. Efu ga-edozi iche iche na-enye njehie "nkewa site efu". Nke a bụ a ngalaba na otu uru.

N'ihi ya, anyị na-ahụ atọ dịgasị iche ngalaba, otu onye nke na-ebelata ka a otu uru. E nwere otu "ezi" ngalaba, nke na-enye pụrụ ịdabere na ya pụta, na abụọ "na-ezighị ezi" na-ekwesịghị ịdị na-arụpụta.

ókè uru analysis

Nhazi na ala nke Ẹkot partitioning pụrụ mere dị iche iche ka na-atụ anya. Nchọpụta nke ịgba ụkpụrụ - a maara nke ọma usoro nke-enyocha nke omume nke software dị otú ahụ ebe. Nke a na Usoro-eme ka a mata ndị dị otú ahụ na njehie:

• -ekwesịghị ịga relational rụọ (<,>, =, ≠, ≥, ≤);
• otu njehie;
• nsogbu na cycles na iterations,
• ezighị ezi na ụdị ma ọ bụ size of variables eji maka na ịchekwa ozi;
• wuru na-agaghị emeli jikọtara data ụdị na variables.

translucent ule

isi awọ igbe usoro enwekwu ule mkpuchi, i nwere ike na-elekwasị anya na niile siri ike etoju nke usoro site na a Nchikota nwa ọcha na usoro.

Iji a Usoro, ndị tester maka mmepe nke ule ụkpụrụ ga nwere ihe ọmụma nke esịtidem data owuwu na algọridim. Ihe Nlereanya nke isi awọ-igbe testing ụzọ ndị dị ka ndị:

• ụkpụrụ ụlọ nlereanya;
• N'otu Modelling Language (UML);
• ala nlereanya (nwere oke ala igwe).

Na usoro nke ndị isi awọ igbe ịzụlite ule mgbe amụ modul na-acha ọcha engineering Koodu, na n'ezie ule a rụrụ na ihu nke nwa technology mmemme.

Ndị a na-anwale ụzọ nwere ndị na-esonụ uru:

• Nchikota uru ẹkesikpede acha ọcha na nwa igbe;
• Tester dabeere na interface na ọtọ nkọwapụta, na bụghị ndị isi koodu;
• debugger nwere ike ime ka oké ule ikpe;
• ego na-mere si ele ihe anya nke onye ọrụ, ọ bụghị na mmebe nke usoro ihe omume;
• mepụtara omenala ule development;
• ịgwa.

ọghọm:

• ule mkpuchi na-ejedebeghị n'ihi na e nweghị ohere ndị isi koodu;
• mgbagwoju nke ntụpọ na-ekesa ngwa;
• ọtụtụ ụzọ ịnọgide unexplored;
• ma ọ bụrụ na software Mmepụta ka ulo oru ule, mgbe ahụ, n'ihu nchoputa nwere ike oké.

Aha ọzọ maka isi awọ igbe usoro - translucent debugging.

Nke a na udi na-agụnye ndị dị otú ahụ ụzọ nke ule:

1) orthogonal n'usoro - ojiji nke a subset niile kwere omume n'ịgwa;

2) matriks debugging iji ala nke omume data;

3) regressive nnyocha mụụrụ na ọhụrụ mgbanwe software;

4) template ule na eneme imewe na ije nke a ọma ngwa.

Tụnyere nke software ule usoro

The ojiji nke ike ụzọ na-eduga ná a combinatorial mgbawa nke ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ule dị mkpa ka a mepụtara, emejuputa na rụrụ. Kwa Usoro ga-eji pragmatically, na-ewere ya na-agaghị emeli n'ime akaụntụ.

The nanị ezi usoro adịghị adị, e nwere naanị ndị na-mma ruru eru ka kpọmkwem onodu. Structural engineering ekwe ka anyị chọta a na-abaghị uru ma ọ bụ na obi koodu, ma ha mgbagwoju na-adịghị na ọdabara ka nnukwu mmemme. Ụzọ dabeere na nkọwa - nanị ndị na-enwe ike ịmata ihe na-efu koodu, ma ha apụghị ịmata jụrụ ya ajụ. Ụfọdụ usoro ndị ọzọ kwesịrị ekwesị n'ihi na a akpan akpan ule larịị, njehie ụdị ma ọ bụ na-ekwu karịa ndị ọzọ.

N'okpuru ebe bụ isi iche n'etiti atọ ike ule usoro - e nyere a tụnyere table n'etiti atọ forms of debugging software.

akụkụ	The igbe oji usoro	Gray igbe usoro	White-igbe usoro
Nnweta ozi na ndị mejupụtara nke usoro ihe omume	Na-enyocha naanị ndị bụ isi akụkụ nke	Ele Mmadụ Anya n'Ihu ihe ọmụma banyere esịtidem Ọdịdị nke usoro ihe omume	Full ohere ndị isi koodu
Degree nke fragmentation nke usoro ihe omume	ala	Central	elu
Onye na-arụpụta debugging?	Akwụsị ọrụ, testers na mmepe	Akwụsị ọrụ, Mmepe na debuggers	Mmepe na testers
isi	Testing dabeere na mpụga ọnọdụ mberede.	Osise database, data eruba osise, ala nke esịtidem ihe ọmụma nke algọridim na ije	The esịtidem ngwaọrụ maara
Ogo nke mkpuchi	Naa saa mbara ma na-achọ a kacha nta nke oge	Central	Nwere ndị kasị saa mbara. Oge na-ewe
Data na esịtidem ala	Debug naanị site nnwale	Nwere ike-enyocha ndị data ngalaba na esịtidem ala, ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-mara	The kacha mma ule data ngalaba na esịtidem ala
Kwesịrị ekwesị ule algọridim	No	No	Ee

akpaaka

Automatic ụzọ nke software ule na-ukwuu mfe usoro nke nnyocha, n'agbanyeghị nke oru gburugburu ebe obibi na onodu nke. Ha na-eji abụọ ikpe:

1) na machiini tedious, ugboro ugboro ma ọ bụ lezie ihe aga-eme otú ahụ dị ka faịlụ tụnyere ọtụtụ puku ahịrị iji hapụ oge ịta nke tester ọzọ dị mkpa isi;

2) maka n'ịrụ nsuso ma ọ bụ ihe aga-eme a na-apụghị mfe rụrụ site ndị dị ka arụmọrụ nkwenye ma ọ bụ analysis omume oge na ike ga-tụrụ na hundredths nke a abụọ.

Test ngwaọrụ nwere ike nkewa dị iche iche. The ọzọ nkewa dabeere na ihe aga-eme ha na-akwado:

• ule management, nke na-agụnye njikwa support, nsụgharị, configurations, n'ihe ize ndụ analysis, ule nsuso, njehie, ntụpọ, na akuko ngwaọrụ;
• chọrọ management, nke na-agụnye nchekwa chọrọ na nkọwa, lelee ha maka ihe zuru ezu na ngwọju-anya ọbụla, ha mkpa na traceability nke ọ bụla ule;
• oké egwu review na static analysis, gụnyere eruba nlekota oru, na ihe aga-eme, na ndekọ na nchekwa nke kwuru, ntụpọ nchọpụta na zubere degharịa management njikọ checklists na iwu, nsuso nkwurịta okwu iyi akwụkwọ na koodu static analysis ịchọpụta ntụpọ, huu nnabata ya na ụkpụrụ nke ide koodu, analysis of owuwu na dependencies, ngụkọta oge nke metric parameters nke koodu na ije. Ke adianade do, iji compilers, analyzers, generators na mmekọrịta nke obe-zoro;
• ịme ngosi uwe, nke na-agụnye ngwá ọrụ maka ịme ngosi uwe azụmahịa omume ma nwalee ụdị;
• ule development ana achi achi ọgbọ nke data anya na ndabere nke ọnọdụ na ọrụ interface na ụdị na-koodu, jikwaa ike ma ọ bụ gbanwee faịlụ na ọdụ data, ozi, data nkwado ndabere nke iwu nke management, mgbakọ na mwepụ analysis nke ọnọdụ na ihe ize ndụ;
• a dị oké egwu, na-ele site na itinye data site a onyeōzi ọrụ interface, API, iwu akara eji comparators iji nyere aka chọpụta ihe ịga nke ọma na ọma ule;
• support debugging gburugburu ebe obibi na-enye gị ohere iji dochie efu ngwaike ma ọ bụ software, na Vol. h. Ịme anwansị akụrụngwa dabeere na kpebisiri mmepụta subset, ọnụ emulators, mobile phones na netwọk akụrụngwa, gburugburu ebe obibi maka ịlele asụsụ, sistem na ngwaike site dochie efu mmiri ọkwọ ụgbọala, nru ugha modul, wdg, nakwa dị ka ngwá ọrụ maka akada na modifying oS choo CPU ịme anwansị mmachi, RAM, ROM, ma ọ bụ netwọk .;
• .. A tụnyere nke data files, ọdụ data, ịlele anya nsonaazụ mgbe na mgbe ule zuru ezu, gụnyere ike na ogbe tụnyere, Automatic "arụsị";
• mkpuchi n'ihe maka orunótu nke na ebe nchekwa ntapu na-ekwesịghị ịdị na ya na-achịkwa omume estimating usoro n'okpuru chepụtara echepụta ibu-amụba ibu ngwa, ọdụ data, netwọk ma ọ bụ na sava na a ezi uche dịruru ná njọ nke ibu maka n'ihe, analysis na nkwenye nke usoro ego akụkọ;
• nche;
• arụmọrụ ule, ibu na ike analysis;
• ndị ọzọ na ngwaọrụ, na Vol. h. elele mkpoputa na syntax, netwọk nche, nnweta niile website peeji nke na ndị ọzọ.

n'ọnọdụ

Na-agbanwe agbanwe na na ọnọdụ na-software ụlọ ọrụ, na usoro nke debugging bụkwa isiokwu ịgbanwe. E nwere ụzọ ọhụrụ nke software ule, dị ka a ozi-orientirovannae ije (SOA), wireless teknụzụ, mobile ọrụ, na na. E., meghere ụzọ ọhụrụ nke ule software. Ụfọdụ nke mgbanwe ndị na-atụ anya na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-esote afọ ole na ole e depụtara:

• testers ga-enye a fechaa nlereanya na mmepe ga-enwe ike ịlele gị koodu;
• mmepe nke ule ụzọ, gụnyere ikiri na Modelling omume na n'oge ogbo, ga-ewepu ọtụtụ ahụ na-emegiderịta;
• ọnụnọ nke multiple interceptions ule ga-ebelata oge nke njehie nchọpụta;
• Static analyzer na nchọpụta pụtara ọzọ ọtụtụ-eji;
• na ojiji nke ịnweta matrices, dị ka mkpuchi nke nkọwapụta, akporo nke nlereanya na koodu mkpuchi ga-ekpebi na mmepe oru ngo;
• combinatorial ngwaọrụ ekwe testers iji chọpụta mkpa ebe maka debugging;
• testers ga-enye a ọzọ kensinammuo na ndị bara uru ọrụ ofụri software mmepe usoro;
• debuggers nwere ike ịmepụta na ngwaọrụ na software ule ụzọ e dere na inwe mmekọrịta na a dịgasị iche iche nke mmemme asụsụ;
• Debugging ọkachamara ga-ọzọ professionally azụ.

Ga-anọchi a ọhụrụ ahịa na-agba mbọ software ule ụzọ, ịgbanwe otú nke na mmekọrịta ya na usoro na ozi ha na-enye mgbe mbenata ihe ize ndụ ma na-amụba uru nke azụmahịa mgbanwe.