Abrasive ihe: àgwà, ngwa

A kpọrọ mmadụ anọwo maara nke Abrasives ọtụtụ millennia. People eji nkume na ájá-enwe mmetụta na nkọ mma, na ube na arrowheads na fishhooks. Nke mbụ bụ ihe abrasive sandstone, nke ọrụ nke nọ n'ọrụ mgwa egwuri obere mkpụrụ nke quartz. Ruo mgbe ọ chọpụtara nke ụzọ nke nhazi nke a ihe onwunwe bụ abrasive metal ada ka ekwe omume nke mmepe nke dum mmadụ, dị ka ndị mmadụ mgbe nanị dịghị ụzọ ọzọ na-eme ka ngwá ọrụ maka ọrụ ma ngwá agha.

Gịnị ka ọ bụ site na a na-ahụ echiche,

A Abrasives bụ nnọọ ike minerals, nke na-emi odude na elu onu nke Mohs ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ekweghị ekwe - si quartz na diamond. Ma ọbụna adụ ihe nwere ike igosi ọrụ a. Fom, mmiri soda na mkpụrụ olulu nwere ike na ezi ihe mere na-akpọ Abrasives. Na ha na anyị na-ezute na kwa ụbọchị, na ha dị mkpa ná ndụ kwa ụbọchị dị ukwuu.

Na ụfọdụ Filiks, ha ga-eji?

Abrasive ihe a na-akpọkarị ya mere bụghị n'ihi na nke ahụ Njirimara, na n'ihi na ọdịdị nke iji. E nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọmụmụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ Filiks. Akpan akpan sandblasting igwe ọnụ ọgụgụ kasị elu nke ihe nwere ike ji mee, nke dị n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ na-adịghị owụt nwere abrasive Njirimara. Nke a na ngwá na-eji a dị ike ikuku iyi ma ọ bụ mmiri, nke na-akpụ akpụ na elu na-agba nta ahụ nke ụfọdụ ogige. Mgbe ụfọdụ, a ntupu abrasive, na arụ orụ ọrụ nke nyo-chopper.

Sandblasting igwe na-eji polishing na nke ikpeazụ finishing nke akụkụ na okokụre ngwaahịa. Nke a nwere ike iwe nta ka ọ bụla abrasive ihe ọmụma si na shei nke akụ na osisi nke Horticultural ubi, shells nke mollusks na ndị ọzọ organic okwu ka ndị kasị nta iberibe ígwè, slag, iko ma ọ bụ mmiri soda.

isi mmiri

Silica ájá bụ ndị kasị ewu ewu maka abrasive ọgbụgba ọkụ àkwà mmiri na ndị ọzọ na ígwè owuwu. N'ihi ya e nwere nnọọ irè ọgwụgwọ megide nchara, nke budata mma na anwụ ngwa ngwa nke engineering owuwu. Nke a usoro na-achọ a elu njupụta Abrasives. Dị ka a na-achị, ọgwụgwọ nke metal owuwu-agụnye iji ihe abịakọrọ ikuku. Ọ na-arụ ọrụ nke a urughuru ome osooso na ọ dịghị ihe ọzọ corrosive mmetụta.

Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụfọdụ, ọ ga-eji, na mmiri. Karịsịa mgbe nhicha ihe owuwu. Fọrọ nke nta niile, wuru na mpaghara nke ala gbara osimiri okirikiri warara, oge mkpa. The eziokwu na ha n'elu enwekwu na oge a oké oyi akwa nke nnu na ndị ọzọ na corrosive ogige. Ọhụrụ mmiri, nke na mbụ e kwukwara ihe kwesịrị ekwesị ihe onwunwe (abrasive) bụghị naanị ewepu ha na ihe, ma na-arụpụta "desalting". Ọzọ, nke a budata enwekwu ndị ndụ nke ụlọ ọrụ.

Polishing okokụre ngwaahịa

Polishing - na nke ahụ bụ ihe ndị kasị mkpa usoro nke Abrasives ina bụ nnọọ n'uju. Dị ka a n'ozuzu na-achị, na-ewetara okè okokụre ngwaahịa ma ọ bụ ụfọdụ mmiri iji pụrụ iche tapawa ma ọ bụ adụ wiil, na compound dabeere na sịntetik resins. Ọ na-achọ ọbụna a mfe abrasive ogbo. Cerium oxide, diamond, silica, ígwè oxide na chromium oxide - ogige nke na-ọtụtụ ugboro ugboro na-eji taa.

Novakulit (oké siliceous nkume) - nwekwara a ọma akụrụngwa maka polishing ihe. Cerium oxide bụ ihe ndị kasị ukwuu ịnweta eji maka polishing iko. Nke a na njikọ ya na-adịghị ọkọ, ma lends ire ụtọ na-enwu. Na-adịbeghị anya, Otú ọ dị, Karbid Kremniya na sịntetik diamonds n'ihi na nke a na-eji. Dabere na ha, o mere ka a karịsịa oké ọnụ na oru oma abrasive belt. Ọ bụ nnọọ nke ọma ruru eru maka ọgwụgwọ nke kasị "ejighị" ihe.

The ojiji nke magnetik n'ubi

Na-adịbeghị anya, ihe na ọzọ n'ọtụtụ ebe na ndị ụlọ ọrụ na-amalite na-eme usoro nke abrasive egweri. Iji mee nke a, adịghị eji pressurized mmiri ma ọ bụ abịakọrọ ikuku: obere abrasive ahụ ese n'elu mmiri na a dị ike ndọta, nke Nleta a "grindstone". Nke a na usoro a na-eji nkenke engineering, dị ka ọ ga-eji na-Polish na hone nkọwa, nke ga-ejikari-adị oke ọnụ hazie na / ma ọ bụ ruo ogologo oge. Ka abrasive akacha eji aluminum compound na ọla nke a onwunwe.

Magnetorheological polishing usoro

Mgbe rheological polishing usoro nke "anụ ahụ" abrasive ngwá ọrụ na-adịghị mee ihe. The ihe na-agwakọta ya na mmiri nke na ha na-thicker aga n'okpuru nduzi nke electric ubi. Usoro a bụ yiri ọtụtụ n'ihe ahụ a kọwara n'elu, ọ na-eji maka ọgwụgwọ nke akụkụ ụfọdụ na nkenke engineering ma yiri ọrụ.

N'ozuzu, na-adịbeghị anya na mmepụta na-esiwanye na-amalite iji Abrasives, tupu mbuaha na mmiri ma ọ bụ sịntetik resins. A ezi ihe nlereanya - GOI wetted abrasive tapawa dabeere chromium oxide. Ọ dịwo mara, ma naanị na-adịbeghị anya na ọ etinye uche pụrụ iche. Ihe kpatara ya bụ mfe - ala na-eri nke a compound na ya elu arụmọrụ n'oge polishing. Ọzọkwa, mildly abrasive tapawa omume na ihe onwunwe ka a na-emeso, na-enweghị scratching ma ọ bụ imebi.

Egweri wheel maka n'akuku nēgwe nri ( "Bulgarians")

Ha na-eji ọ bụghị nanị maka polishing. Abrasives ka nwere ike a ga-ebipụ na a karịsịa inogide ihe. N'ihi nke a, na mkpa abrasive wiil na-mere na ndabere nke aluminum oxide na phenolic resins. Na obere okwu, a metal egweri wheel. Ndị dị otú ahụ ngwaọrụ dị oké mkpa akpan akpan ke mmịpụta nke marble awa nkume. The eziokwu na nke a ịnweta bụ nnọọ oké, agụghị oké ot sawing ịwa nkume.

Dị ka anyị ekwuola, na-eji maka ịcha aluminum oxide, Karbid Kremniya, sịntetik diamond na boron carbide. N'ime ndị a, ndị na-egweri wheel nwere ike, gụnyere ụdị a pụrụ iche mma nkwọ n'ihi na elu-ike ihe.

Isi ngwaọrụ eji maka ụlọ ọrụ

N'ihi ya, ndị a ogige dị mkpa ka e mụwo, polishing, ịcha ihe. Modern ụlọ ọrụ na-ejikarị abrasive ngwá ọrụ nke wuru si malite. Ihe kpatara nke a - dịtụ ala na-eri nke synthetics. ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ ogige bụ ihe ndị ọzọ dị oké ọnụ. Otu n'ime ha bụ ugboro ugboro na kọntaktị si aluminum oxide na Karbid Kremniya, zirconia na-akpọ superabrasives (diamond ma ọ bụ boron nitride).

Wezụga ndị obere na-na-tumadi na-anọchite anya corundum. Ọ bụ nnọọ oké ọnụ, na iji ya eme ihe na mmepụta nke a zuru ezu nanị. Na ọbụna ihe ọzọ na-adịkarịghị eji eke diamonds ekwesighi ka polishing ruru nnọọ obere size, ma ọ bụ bughi ntụpọ.

The mmalite nke ulo oru Abrasives

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ulo oru Abrasives maka egweri wheel malite na eke minerals - quartz na sịlịkọn, nakwa dị ka corundum. Ọ bụ nke ikpeazụ, site ụzọ, n'ihi na oge mbụ na a bịara mara dị ka "Emery". Ọ bụ nke mbụ na mmanya nke abrasive. Jụrụ nke eke minerals malitere na akpa ọkara nke iri abụọ na narị afọ na ọ fọrọ nke nta-agwụ agwụ site na njedebe nke ya. The ebe ebe a bụ ma elu na-eri nke eke ihe. The eziokwu na ha niile nwere mma-kọwaa Njirimara na ịgbanwe adịghị pụta. Sịntetik Abrasives malitekwara n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ, pụrụ ịbụ nnọọ dị iche iche na mma ruru eru na-edozi ụfọdụ pụrụ iche nsogbu.

Dị ka ihe atụ, site n'ọnụ ndị ọhụrụ teknụzụ nwere ike kere compound na a urughuru udi yiri a sliver. Ndị dị otú ahụ ihe onwunwe bụ ezigbo maka ngwa ka elu nke polishing wiil. Ọzọkwa, ọ bụ ekwe omume ike kpamkpam ọhụrụ ihe, site na ijikọta ihe atụ, titanium oxide na aluminum ogige. Ndị a Abrasives dị mma maka ọgwụgwọ nke ezigbo ike na-ebupụta.

Mgbe e nwere a "abrasive itunanya" na ụlọ ọrụ?

Modern mmepụta nke Abrasives, gụnyere ntọhapụ nke egweri wiil na Emery skins, ọ bụ ike na-akọwa n'ihi na nke arọ nke ụghalaahịa ma nchọpụta Kemịkalụ, nke na ọtụtụ mgbe-akọwa otu ngwaahịa. Isi ihe na-ndị dị otú ahụ dị mfe - n'ihi na ndị kasị nta na iche dị na chemical mejupụtara pụrụ aha a ọhụrụ ika image. Ma ihe bụ ihe ndabere maka sịntetik Abrasives, na mgbe ụlọ ọrụ na onwere ike nke ha uka iji?

N'Ezie ịrịba omume oghere nke sịlịkọn carbide - a ịnweta, ahụghị ke uwa. Ịmepụta a sịntetik alumina na 1890 naanị kpaliri mmalite nke nnyocha na mpaghara ebe a. Site na njedebe nke 1920 sịntetik aluminum oxide, Karbid Kremniya, garnet na Emery bụ isi ulo oru Abrasives.

Ma ezigbo ihe itunanya wee na 1938. Ọ na-ahụ ghọrọ kwere omume na-emepụta na ya dị ọcha alumina, nke a na ozugbo hụrụ mbara ngwa n'ibu injinịa. Ọ-adịghị anya wee doo anya na a ngwakọta nke zirconia na alumina bụ ezigbo maka mgbagwoju anya na-arụ ọrụ ịcha nnọọ ike metal akara ule. Ọ bụ n'ezie a pụrụ iche abrasive ntụ ntụ: ọ na-ekwusi elu arụmọrụ, ma ọ bụ dịtụ ọnụ ala. Taa palm na-emekwa ka ihe niile sịntetik alumina, na-echebekwa ndị mbụ bauxite microcrystalline Ọdịdị nke ahụ amalite ihe. Akpan akpan otú pụrụ iche Cubitron ™ e kere, nakwa dị ka Abrasives dabeere na ceramik n'okpuru SolGel ™ ika.

Na "nwa agbọghọ na enyi kasị mma"

Natural diamond - kasị ochie abrasive nkume. Ọ ghọrọ-ewu ewu na 1930s. Tom ziri ezi n'ihi ihe abụọ. Firstly, tupu mpịakọta nke diamond mmepụta bụ negligible na dị nnọọ ahụ ike ekpuchi na-eto eto mkpa nke ndị ụlọ ọrụ. Nke abuo, na njikọ na nnukwu echiche nke na-aga ịdakwasị agha, ọtụtụ mba malitere ngwa ngwa achọ ụzọ hazie tungsten carbide na-enyemaka nke ígwè ọrụ. Nke a na umi ka na-eji na mmepụta nke cores nke armor- Idupu projectiles.

The nsogbu a uche na-adịghị na ekweghị ekwe nke ihe na abrasion nnọọ ejighị. A nnyocha na 1960 site na General Electric, emewo ka ntoputa nke sịntetik diamonds. Mee elu mee ala nnyocha na mpaghara ebe a na-eduga na nke mbụ na nke cubic boron nitride, CBN. Nke a compound, na-enwe a ekweghị ekwe nke diamond, na ọtụtụ-eji imewe nke ọzọ Abrasives, ebe ọ nwere ike fọrọ nke nta milled n'ime ike ọkwa ígwè ájá.

N'ezie, ndị a niile Abrasives, na mgbakwunye na ya nile ịrịba ama Njirimara, nwere otu nnukwu drawback - na-eri. A na-adịbeghị anya, ma e wezụga bụ abrasive Abral, synthesized European nchegbu Pechiney. Nke a ụlọ ọrụ azụlitewo a ụdị "diamond dochie", nke, obere usụhọde ha ekweghị ekwe nke ukwu-enweta nkwanye na price.

Ma, ọ bụghị naanị ndị Abrasives ụlọ ọrụ kwagara n'ihu. Oké mkpa ihe ndị e ji mee ihe dị ka ihe ndabere maka ha ngwa. Karịsịa, mgbe ọ na-e kere Bakelite, ohere na-emepụta ihe ìhè, ma inogide egweri wiil. Ha Mike evenly na Abrasives mma kesaa ha esịtidem olu. Ọ na-enye budata mma ihe nhazi.

Emery ákwà

Emery ákwà ji dị ka isi, wuru na eke akwa, fim, na ọbụna larịị akwụkwọ, ákwà-mesikwuru emep uta eri. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị "nazhdachku" na-akwadebe site impregnating a ngwọta ndị dabeere na phenolic resins ma ọ bụ mmiri (na mgbakwunye na nke Abrasives, N'ezie) ákwà. Ọ nwekwara ike ga-enwetara abrasive ogbo. Dị otú ahụ ngwá ọrụ na-a maara na ọ fọrọ nke nta onye ọ bụla, anyị na-eche na ha mgbe niile na ụbọchị ọ bụla.

Anyị kọwara ọtụtụ ngwa ndị a ihe. Ma eziokwu bụ na ọtụtụ n'ime ha adịghị na-eche ihu ná nkezi nwoke nọ n'okporo ámá na niile ná ndụ ha. Ihe atụ, ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ mara banyere jisie nkume, ruo ma ọ bụ otu sandpaper, onye na-eji ntupu abrasive. Ma nnọọ ole na ole ndị mmadụ mara ihe ndị na di iche iche nke bekee na-eji ihe atụ, biarin Nsukka nke elu mma mma ma ọ bụ nke superhard ígwè akara ule. Nke ikpeazụ, na mberede, n'ụlọ nkọ fọrọ nke nta emeghieme. "Mpịcha" n'ihi na ha chọrọ pụrụ nnọọ iche.

N'ihi na ụfọdụ ihe aga-eme dabara otu ma ọ bụ ọzọ abrasive?

Maka mkpa chọrọ superabrasive, nke anyị na-ama-eji nkenke oge kwuru n'elu. Ha na-na-na-adade ke n'ụdị akpukpọ Emery, abrasive brushes, diski na okirikiri. N'ihi ya, ígwè na-emepụta na-alumina na sịlịkọn carbide na mmepụta nke ọkọlọtọ-ọkwa pupụtara. Mass mmepụta nwekwara achọ wider ojiji nke sandblasting igwe: igwe anaghị agba nchara, bọl biarin hapụ na uka nhazi karịsịa hardwood. Otú ọ dị, ọtụtụ mgbe, Nsukka-erubere "ezi ochie" alumina. Nke a abrasive ntụ ntụ bụ ọnụ ala, ma ọ bụ nnọọ irè.

Ná ngwụsị nke

Abrasives, ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ na-egwu a ọrụ na mmepụta nke fọrọ nke nta niile ndị mmadụ na-eche ihu kwa ụbọchị. Akpan akpan, na-enweghị ha agaghị ekwe omume ike ụlọ nke anodized aluminum, bụ nke na-ewu ewu na Fans nke "apple" ngwaahịa. Echefula na a mfe egweri nkume "nēgwe nri" ma ọ bụ ọbụna ihe ndị nkịtị sandpaper - nkpuru nke ọtụtụ ọgbọ nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na ndị ọrụ nkà kpọkọta na hazie ihe ọmụma ha ihe karịrị afọ.

Companies amị iche iche iche iche nke Abrasives, egweri wiil na sandpaper, iji usoro iwu ihe ọmụma, nke dị ugbu a na ọtụtụ yiri ọrụ. Ha na-eduzi ndị na-data nwetara n'ọmụmụ egbuke, na n'ọtụtụ ebe, na-eme etinyere onwu, physics na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè. Abrasives bụ mgbe niile na-enye aka - ha a bụ isi dị na nke oge a na mmepụta okirikiri nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ.