Acetylene: ngwa ke ọgwụ, ụlọ ọrụ,

Acetylene na-ezo aka hydrocarbons unsaturated usoro. Nke a compound, na ya dị iche iche homologs eje ozi dị ka ngwaọrụ maka njikọ nke buru ibu nke chemical ngwaahịa.

Properties na mmepụta nke acetylene

Na ọnọdụ nke ikuku mgbali na nkịtị okpomọkụ, acetylene bụ a colorless gas. Ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na-lowered ka a uru nke -85 degrees ma belata ya ọzọ compound nke ala - siri ike. N'ụdị a na kristal. Rịba ama na na mmiri mmiri na ihe siri ike ala acetylene nwere ike mfe-ewe ezigbo n'okpuru mmetụta nke esemokwu ma ọ bụ mmetụta (n'ibu ma ọ bụ haịdrọlik). Nke a ihe onwunwe n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na-ekpebi ya ebe nke ngwa. Acetylene combustion mmeghachi omume pụtara na ọnụnọ nke oxygen. Dị ka a N'ihi nke a usoro e nwere a oku, ji kasị elu okpomọkụ egosi (3150 degrees) tụnyere ndị ọzọ ụdị mmanụ ụgbọala.

Ihe bụ isi na mmepụta usoro bụ mmeghachi omume nke acetylene, nke na-emekọ calcium carbide na mmiri. Usoro a wee na okpomọkụ nke banyere 2000 degrees egosi na bụ endothermic.

E nwere ihe dị otú ahụ dị ka mmepụta nke acetylene. Nke a bụ ego na-tọhapụrụ site na decomposition nke 1 n'arọ nke calcium carbide. GOST 1460-56 tent kpọmkwem ụkpụrụ nyere uru, nke bụ kpọmkwem ọrụ nke ogo granulation nke na-amalite ihe. N'ihi ya, n'ihi a dịtụ obere urughuru size nke calcium carbide bụ iji belata acetylene mkpụrụ.

Ụkpụrụ a bụ na ya pụta nke ọnụnọ nke ezi carbide ahụ nke adịghị, e.g. calcium oxide.

E nwere ndị ọzọ, na-erughị keukwu, oké ọnụ na ume-kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ụzọ nke na-amị acetylene. Dị ka ihe atụ, kwes-oxidative methane pyrolysis mmeghachi omume nke eke gas; decomposition mmanụ, manu oku na ndị ọzọ na fuels site elektropiroliza.

Nchekwa na iga

All ụzọ nke nchekwa na iga enye maka ojiji nke cylinders. Ha na-jupụtara na a pụrụ iche nke ịdị arọ nke porous anọgidesi. Ọ na-impregnated na acetone, nke ngwa ngwa dissolves acetylene. Ngwa nke usoro a nwere ike budata dịkwuo biri n'ime nke acetylene cylinder na, ihe, lowers ya explosiveness.

Ruo ogologo oge na kọntaktị nke acetylene na ọla dị ka ọla kọpa na ọla-ọcha, nwere ike ntọt ya explosivity. Ya mere, impermissible ojiji nke ihe ahụ nwere ike na nkejikotara ndị a ọla, dị ka valves.

A, cylinders ga nwere ihe pụrụ iche valves, e kpọmkwem maka nchekwa nke acetylene.

Full-eji dum cylinder ike nwere ike na-enweta site na ịchekwa efu containers ka acetone e kesara ofụri olu nke akpa. Na nke a bụ omume na naanị na a kehoraizin ọnọdụ. Ndochi nke cylinder ga-ebe nnọọ nwayọọ nwayọọ, nke dị mkpa maka nnabata ya na ọnọdụ nke chemical mmeghachi omume dissolving acetylene na acetone, na karịsịa ya ọsọ.

Uru etisasịwo acetylene

Ndị isi uru nke etisasịwo acetylene n'ihu, nke na-kwadebere iji a obere generator nke calcium carbide, bụ na ngwa cylinder bụ na-abawanye na ịgbado ọkụ ọrụ site banyere 20%, na ebe ndị acetylene ọnwụ na-belata 25%. Ọ kwesịkwara kwuru na-abawanye nke na-agba na maneuverability nke ịgbado ọkụ ojii, nche. N'adịghị ka gas enwetara site na calcium carbide etisasịwo acetylene nwere n'ụzọ obere mba ọzọ okwu, i.e. adịghị, na ike ga-eji na-karịsịa oké egwu ịgbado ọkụ.

Main ngwa nke acetylene

• Ịgbado ọkụ na ọnwụ nke ọla.
• Iji dị ka isi iyi nke na-egbuke egbuke, na-acha ọcha na ìhè. Na nke a, ọ bụ a ajụjụ nke acetylene, kwadebere site omume calcium carbide na mmiri. Ọ na-eji onwe ẹdude luminaires.
• Manufacturing explosives.
• The nkwadebe nke ndị ọzọ ogige na ihe nke na-acetic acid, ethyl mmanya, solvents, plastik, roba, aromatic hydrocarbons.

Acetylene: eji na-arụ ma na ụlọ ọrụ

Autogenous ịgbado ọkụ na-eso fọrọ nke nta niile nkebi nke ewu. Ọ bụ na ndị a na ụdị na-arụ ọrụ na-eji acetylene. Na a pụrụ iche na ngwaọrụ na-akpọ burner, haruru na-agwakọta ozugbo na combustion mmeghachi omume ya. The kasị elu okpomọkụ nke mmeghachi omume ruru mgbe ọdịnaya nke acetylene 45% nke ngụkọta akpa olu.

Cylinders na a gas akara dị ka ndị a: ntụpọ ọcha na-acha uhie uhie letters nnukwu etinyere e dere: "Acetylene"

Construction ọrụ na-rụrụ tumadi na n'èzí. The ojiji nke acetylene na ya homologues na ọnọdụ ndị a na-ekwesịghị-ebe n'okpuru kpọmkwem ìhè anyanwụ. Short izu ga-esonyere ndị yitewere nke valves na burner, na ogologo - na yitewere nke valves na cylinders onwe ha.

The chemical ụlọ ọrụ bụ nke ukwuu na ina acetylene. Ya ngwa bụ ojiji nke umi n'oge nkwadebe nke organic njikọ. Nke a sịntetik roba, plastik, solvents, acetic acid, wdg

Acetylene bụ a eluigwe na ala mmanụ ụgbọala, a na-eji na Filiks metụtara gas-ire ọkụ nhazi. Ọ dị mkpa na iji ihe acetylene na ndị ụlọ ọrụ ekwe omume nanị n'okpuru nchebe, ebe ọ bụ ihe na-agbawa agbawa gas.

carbide oriọna

The aha "carbide oriọna" n'ihi na iji dị ka ihe na-emeghe ire ọkụ ugboelu combusted ìhè isi nke acetylene. Ọ na-kwekọrọ na-enwetara site na omume calcium carbide na mmiri.

Ndị a oriọna ndị juru n'oge gara aga. Ha nwere ike hụrụ na e ji ebu ihe, ụgbọala na ọbụna ígwè. N'oge a carbide oriọna eji naanị na ikpe nke na mkpa maka a dị ike nguzo-naanị eletrik. Ya mere, cavers na-eji ha. Anya mgbama ọkọnọ dị otú ahụ na oriọna bụ, n'ezie, nke a na ụdị ọkụ bụ ka mma karịa na-achịkọta ihe ike e. Ezi ọsọ bụ ojiji nke ndị a na oriọna na miri-mmiri arịa.

Acetylene: ngwa na nkà mmụta ọgwụ

Mee umi na mpaghara ebe a? General ná Nkụnwụ na-agụnye ojiji nke alkynes. Acetylene bụ otu n'ime ndị bụ gas, nke na-eji inhalation ná Nkụnwụ. Ma nile iji ya dị ka ndị dị otú ahụ n'oge gara aga. Ugbu a, e nwere ihe a na-adịghị ize ndụ ụzọ nke ná Nkụnwụ.

Ọ bụ ezie na ọ ga-kwuru na iji ihe acetylene na bụghị a isi ize ndụ, dị ka iso uru nke ya ịta na kuru ikuku esịmde a dị ize ndụ ịgba, na ala flammability fọrọ-ebugharị ya.

Ihe kacha mkpa ọnọdụ maka ojiji nke a gas bụ ememe nke nchekwa jikoro. O siri ike overstate otú ize ndụ acetylene. Ya iji kwere omume nanị mgbe niile dị mkpa briefings na ọrụ dị iche iche ebe ọ na-eji.