"Admiral Nakhimov" (ugbo agha): modernization

The kasị oge a nnukwu-ike mmiri nke Russian Navy na 2018 ịghọ ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov". Upgrading ọ malitere na 2014 na ga-adịru afọ anọ, dị ka atụmatụ. Mgbe ahụ ga-abịa uzo nke ọzọ ụgbọ mmiri - "Petra Velikogo", na flagship nke Federation Council, nke e wuru na otu oru ngo, "Orlan» № 11442. ndị a Refeyim nwere ike na ọrụ n'ebe ala ha n'ikperé mmiri, na-enye a agha edidu ke ọ bụla akụkụ nke ụwa osimiri. Mepụta a ọgụ naval nkeji dị na Soviet agha ozizi nke mbụ ọkara nke 80-ies nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ha na-eri ala mmefu ego nke Soviet Union na a gburugburu nchikota (e e ulo oru anọ), na ugbu a, ọ dị mkpa n'ụzọ kwesịrị ekwesị pụrụ nke ihe-nketa. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ka na-eme atụmatụ na ogo nke ndị a na ụdị ụgbọ mmiri na ha kwere omume arụmọrụ bụrụ na ndị agha.

na ịba uru

Site a macroeconomic echiche, ihe niile na-akwụ ụgwọ a ga-ebu dị akpan akpan chọrọ ozugbo. The ala, nke nwere dịghị ekwe omume iji chebe ha ọdịmma na a zuru ụwa ọnụ ọnụ ọgụgụ, na-agbụ na elu ahịhịa. N'agbanyeghị ọtụtụ mba nkwekọrịta, ọnụnọ nke mba zuru ụwa ọnụ owuwu na ịchịkwa ememe nke ike na iwu, na ọtụtụ mgbe, ike militarily mba iji ikuku agha, agha mmiri na ala agha, na-agbasa ọ bụla e dere na edebeghi iwu iji hụ na ya na mpaghara dominance. E nwere a UN Security Council mkpebi - ọma, ma ọ bụrụ na ọ na-adịghị natara, na "nnukwu osisi" dị njikere mgbe nile. Ịrụ ụka egwu nke a, na e nwere nnukwu nuclear submarines dị ka "Admiral Nakhimov". Ugbo agha e mere na-enye a dị ike cover dum skwodron ịrụ ihe aga-eme na a oké anya. Agha asụsụ, nke a na-akpọ "na-akawanye". Na isi, nke a bụ isi nke naval ship njikọ, ohere na-enweta nkwado maka ha enyi na enyi ma ọ bụ ala gbara osimiri okirikiri bases n'ihi na nke nnukwu nhichapụ na n'okpuru iyi egwu nke obi ọjọọ agha omume. Nuclear agha ugbo agha "Nahimov Admiral" kwesịrị ịbụ ike ikpughe mbụ "nche anwụ" esịnede n'aka ikuku, agha, ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ mgbochi usoro repulse agha, na bụrụ na nke mkpa - kụrụ azụ gbawara.

ship ije na technology "Stealth"

Ná mmalite eighties ndị Soviet agha-ulo oru mgbagwoju bụ mmepe nke ụlọ ọrụ na-agụnye ọtụtụ puku ụlọ ọrụ na nnyocha oru. Ịga nke ọma nke ụlọ mmepe nke agbachitere usoro inye emesapụ aka ego. Mgbe na-eke ọhụrụ ụdị n'ime akaụntụ na-adịbeghị anya ọganihu na ubi Ngwá MAỊ mba - pụrụ ịbụ ndị iro. Otu ihe atụ bụ ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Nakhimov". The ugbo agha e wuru na ụkpụrụ nke ala ọhụhụ na Rada nke ahụ ya. Ndepụta superstructures-guzobere pyramid, esịnede mmasị ụgbọ elu, a n'elu akụkụ nwere a "bịara jupụta" bead nwere n'ụzọ ziri angles. Agba etinyere pụrụ iche technologically enweghị ntụpọ umi yi ihe ọ bụla na-agwa aha "ghọọ" na-adịghị si dị iche na-emebu * Tụkwasị mkpuchi nke warships, ma na-enwe mkpa pụrụ iche mma iji na-enweta elu ugboro radieshon, ileda ha echiche. Ndị ọkachamara na-na-arụ ụka banyere otú irè mgbalị inye obere Rada signature ihe 250 mita n'ogologo, ma ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na-na a na ubi nwere a bara uru n'ime onwe ha, na-ele ha n'ihu were. N'ezie, otú nnukwu ụgbọ mmiri nwere ike ọ bụghị nanị na-ahụ na Rada ihuenyo, kamakwa satellite, tinyekwara ndị nyoputa onyeiro ugbo elu. "Stealth" technology nwere pụtara n'ihi na o kwere omume na-eduhie eduhie mgbochi agha nduzi nkeji. "Abù" ntigbaa na ihuenyo na-aghọ nta, e wezụga ugbo agha nwere ike oru ngo decoys site electronic n'aka ABM.

modernization ohere

Kemgbe ihe fọrọ nke nta atọ ruo ọtụtụ iri afọ nke fọrọ nke nta niile oru n'aka na ụgbọ agha na usoro na-bụzi ihe mgbe ochie, na ugbu a na a nnukwu aru, onwem na ike nuclear ike osisi, bụ oké ọnụ ahịa na nsoro. Otú ọ dị, ndị na-eri nke a "n'elu ikpo okwu" bụ na-ekwesịghị ileghara. Otu ihe atụ nke ịkpachara anya àgwà ndị dị oké ọnụ ihe onwunwe akụkụ nwere ike ije ozi dị ka ndị US Navy. All nnukwu-ike US mmiri mbụ wuru ewere n'ime akaụntụ ekwe omume upgrades kabelkanaly ọkọnọ na-arịọnụ akụkụ na-rụrụ nke mere na nnọchi nke ọ bụla na ngwá - na ikpe nke ọzọ oge a na - abụghị nsogbu. Mmezi nke ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov", nke chie malitere na 1998, e-egbu oge n'ihi na nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na e nwere mkpa maka a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke imewe mgbanwe chọrọ maka irè modernization. Tarka "Kalinin" (n'okpuru a aha ụgbọ mmiri e wuru na 1983 na-eje ozi ruo mgbe 1993) enweghị ike igbo ọnọdụ nke oké osimiri nke ndi-agha nke-atọ na narị afọ iri. nhazigharị oru ngo-a nyere site na Northern Design Bureau (St. Petersburg), na ya elaboration guzo 21 ọnwa. The atụmatụ akwụkwọ iri na ọ fọrọ nke nta 2.8 ijeri rubles. Ọ na-chere na dum modernization nke ụgbọ mmiri ga-eri ọtụtụ iri ijeri. Ozugbo e nwere ndị na-akatọ ndị na-asị na ụdị ego, i nwere ike iru ole na ole ọhụrụ nkeji nke klas "frigeeti" ma ọ bụ "Corvette", na-enwe a ngụkọta nke ọzọ ọgụ ike. Mkpebi bụ, n'ezie, nwere ikike adị, ma ìhè klas mmiri na-adịghị e mere ịrụ aga-eme maka nke e wuru "Admiral Nakhimov". Ugbo agha nwere a ibu ọrụ nso, bụ ogologo oge karịa mbibi, ma ọ bụ BOD, n'ihi dum ya modernization bụ aku na uba o zie ezi n'iwu.

Banyere artist

Akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na - ndị mmadụ abụghị nanị na obi ike, ma pụtara nkwenkwe ụgha. Ha na-achọ ọ bụla asị na iji zere na-ahapụ ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na nke iri na atọ, kwere na dị iche iche ihe ịrịba ama na-adịghị amasị nzukọ aha. N'ụzọ dị mwute, nke a, e nwere ihe mere n'ihi na nchegbu.

Armored ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov" e tinyere na ala nke ya arụ ọrụ iji zere ya kpọọ site Japanese na 1905 n'oge Agha nke Tsushima. Akwọ ụgbọ mmiri agha heroically mikpuru ọtụtụ iro ebukọrọ idiọk mebiri emebi na ugbo agha "Iwate" nakwa na ọ dịghị ihere ebube nke Russian agha mmiri. "Varyag", bụ onye e gburu n'ọnọdụ yiri nke ahụ, ya egwu aha ekekpepde a oge a ụgbọ mmiri.

Naa maara nke ọma bụ akara aka nke ọzọ "Nakhimov" - ahia steamship otu ROPIT na miri dị na Turkish n'ụsọ oké osimiri na 1897 n'oge a oké ifufe.

Na 1941, n'oge ndị siri agbachitere Sevastopol, na Luftwaffe otu ogwe ship "Red Ukraine", na mbụ (tupu Civil Agha), nke a na-akpọ "Admiral Nakhimov". Ugbo agha mikpuru, na-enwe a plurality nke oghere.

Na 1960 ọ nọ na wepụrụ si BSF ọzọ ụgbọ mmiri, ndị a kpọkwasịrị aha nke ama naval ọchịagha. History emewo ihe omimi: agha ugbo agha bụ naanị afọ iri na ise, na e nwere ntule na a na-eji na-amụ na mmetụta na-ahụ mmiri n'okpuru osimiri efegharị efegharị ịda site a nuclear gbawaranụ.

Na 1973, enye osụhọde ọzọ "Admiral Nakhimov". The ida nke research arịa mere, eleezie, n'ebe oké Russian naval ọchịagha mere otu n'ime ya kasị amamiihe mmeri - na n'ọnụ mmiri Tsemess. The ụgbọ mmiri na mberede oké na gawara na ala nri na pie.

N'ihi oké unan natara na a nkukota na ụgbọ agha okpuru mmiri e anọghịzi n'ọrụ a nnukwu mgbochi okpuru mmiri ụgbọ mmiri "Admiral Nakhimov". Ugbo agha (Tsushima), research arịa (oyi n'ọnụ mmiri), ọzọ ugbo agha (Sevastopol), ahịa steamship (ugwu nke ụsọ oké osimiri Turkey), Kazakhstan (50 kilomita site n'ebe ndịda ụsọ oké osimiri nke Crimea), - a martyrology-agaghị ekwe omume tinye otu n'ime ndị kasị njọ Maritime ọdachi niile mbupu ihe mere eme. Ọ e gara site na n'ụgbọ mmiri "Peter Vasev" na ụgbọ mmiri na oge nke launching kpọkwasịrị aha "Berlin". N'afọ 1986, abụọ buru ibu arịa nwere ike na-atụ uche onye ọ bụla ọzọ na Novorossiysk Tsemess n'ọnụ mmiri. Mgbe emeri ndị lụtara "Berlin" aha ya bụ "Admiral Nakhimov". The ọdachi na-ekwu na ndụ nke ọtụtụ narị ndị njem na-arụ ọrụ ndị òtù.

Olee otú ị pụrụ ekweghị na ọjọọ chioma na-achụ ihe keihuojoo aha?

Ma, gịnị mere "Nakhimov"?

The n'elu esoghị a mwute ngosipụta nzuzo oru onye na-ahụ maka oke nke ụgbọ mmiri aha. Ma ọ bụrụ na mkpebi ikpe, n'agbanyeghị na ndị dị otú ahụ a mwute ọnụ ọgụgụ, ka nabatara, e nwere ezi ihe kpatara nke a. Ke adianade do, a ọzọ zuru ezu na ele mmadụ anya n'ihu analysis, anyị nwere ike ikwubi na warships onye yi aha nke ama naval ọchịagha, ọtụtụ n'ime ha bụ ndị ruru eru nke a ọma na ebe nchekwa, na ha eke bụ mpako nke obodo ya na ya bụ dike ndikom. Armored ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov" ugboro ugboro na ndị ya na-arụ ọrụ feat mpako "Varyag", na 41 ọzọ ship buso ndi-iro ikpeazụ shei.

Ọnwụ ike-akpọ mberede ma ọ bụ ọchị, ọ bụ ndị dike.

Ma ihe ndị ọzọ abụọ ikpe, na ndọrọ ego si nsoro wee ebe na-enweghị ọnwụ nke ndụ, na ike ka ike ọnọdụ ma ọ bụ site na a iwu.

ochiagha

Pavel Stepanovich Nahimov wee ụzọ niile Russian ojii, malitere ọrụ ya dị ka a kadet naval na ụlọ akwụkwọ na-ewere a siri ọnwụ n'aka onye iro mgbọ na bastion nke Sevastopol na ochiagha nke epaulettes na n'ubu. Mgbe ọ dị afọ iri na ise na ọ bụ ogologo njem ahụ n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Denmark na Sweden, na-anata n'usoro nke ikike ojii, họpụtara 2nd naval ebusa Petersburg n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (1818). Na 1822 ọ nọ na ọdịda nke Order of St. Vladimir IV ogo òkè circumnavigation. O nyere iwu batrị oche na ugbo agha "Azov" n'oge Agha nke Navarino na kpara frigeeti "Pallada", kpụrụ nke a skwodron nke F. F. Bellinsgauzena. The Black Sea Fleet jeworo ozi kemgbe 1834, nyere iwu ka agha "Silistra". Ọ wee akụkụ ke arụmọrụ ke Caucasus, n'ihi na nke ọ e ọdịda nke Order of St. Vladimir III ogo. Na October 1852 ọ nọ na-akwalite Vice Admiral.

Ihe kwesịrị ncheta Sevastopol saga kwesịrị iche iche okwu. Elu àgwà naval ọchịagha pụtara na ya kasị n'ụzọ doro anya. Ebe nchekwa nke nwoke dị otú ahụ kwesịrị ime ka aha ya na-eyi ihe kasị ike na oge a na agha ugbo agha. Admiral Nakhimov - Russian mba dike.

malite upgrading

Mgbe ikpeazụ ihu ọma na nnabata nke oru akwụkwọ ọ bụ uzo nke ata edinam. Iji malite ga hapụ ụgbọ mmiri si dum consignment ngwá rue mgbe dee-anya na mkpofu. Ọrụ a, ọ bụ ezie na-ewe oge, ma na-akwụghachi ụgwọ. A ịrịba akụkụ nke na-eri nke ọrụ na modernization ga-dechapụ site adịrị a nnukwu uka nke dị oké ọnụ ahịa metal. Nuclear ugbo agha "Admiral Nahimov" aghọwo a isi iyi nke abụọ ego ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke 878 tọn, nke 644 - ferrous (ígwè), aluminum na ọla kọpa alloys (168 m), na alloyed igwe anaghị agba nchara na a elu carbon ọdịnaya (66 m). Ọzọkwa, itinye n'ọrụ isiokwu na oké ọnụ ahịa ọla dị na electric na kọmputa akụrụngwa. On usoro nke disassembly na sorting nọrọ a ngụkọta nke 20 mln., Nke bụ nke ukwu na-erughị na-eri nke ego.

Ke adianade utilitarian ụkpụrụ, na usoro nke na dismantling nke niile na-enweghị isi na ngwá na-achụ ọzọ ihe mgbaru ọsọ: kacha enyemaka owuwu iji belata ya mmiri ozuzo. Ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu flotation ngwaọrụ ya mfe nwere na-Fikiere ke n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri (caisson) - a na-achọ pontoons, mmasị ka ahu (e nwere isii). Abụọ n'ime ha bụ ndị dị njikere, ha we chikọta maka idozi nke ugbo elu ụgbọelu "Vikramaditya", na mbụ enwetara site na India. Bara uru na natara n'oge ogbugbu nke a iji ahụmahụ. Production nke pontoons, ha ule na ichebe chọrọ ma na oge na ihe onwunwe akwụ ụgwọ. Ugbu a, nuclear ugbo agha "Admiral Nahimov" bụ n'ime n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri, na-casing ẹkesiode niile n'ekpere mmanụ nuklia wepụrụ chernobyl. Modernization malitere.

modernization mgbaru ọsọ

The isi ebumnuche bụ inye oké ọnụ ọrụ nke ọgụ nkeji nke Northern Fleet chọsiri ike inweta ọgụ irè. Nke a na-achọ ọ bụghị nanị na a zuru nnọchi nke gharazie ịba uru kemgbe 1980 na ngwá na ngwá agha usoro, kamakwa iji hụ na ohere nke n'ihu modernization dị na chọrọ nke na-abịa ọtụtụ iri afọ. Kọmputa akụrụngwa, ụta na akara usoro na-adịkwa mkpa ngwa ngwa zuru ezu, na-ekwesịghị ikwugharị ihie ụzọ nke ndị na-emepụta, na-ewu ụlọ na eighties nke ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov". Modernization,-apụghị izere ezere na a afọ ole na ole, a ga-ata obere na-egbu mgbu na ọtụtụ dị ọnụ ala karịa jikwaa.

Of kasị-ewe oge aga-eme nke Sevmash shipbuilders, na-egosi na mbụ ebe dochie mmasị agha silos kara aka maka 3M45 agba eluigwe na ala okụre UKSK 3S14 vetikal igba egbe. Ikekwe, si slanted atụmatụ ka ga-mbà (ọtụtụ ihe-nkọwa nke oru ngo na-na-ezo ezo), ma na-agba ọsọ ga-aba na-mere si idei mmiri ọnọdụ (a tụziri nke mkpa "Tarpaulin" si malite gharazie ịba uru 3M45). Total m dị afọ 20, otu nọmba nke ha, ga-anọgide na, ma nke ọ bụla n'ime ha ga-emi odude a modular usoro anọ akụ ụta. Ọnụ ọgụgụ nke mgbochi na-agba ga-amụba okpukpu anọ ga-nọmba 80.

Ihe ha ga-abụ, ọ na-anọgide maa yikarịrị "onyx" ma ọ bụ "Turquoise". ugbo agha dị ka "ụgbọelu ụgbọelu egbu egbu" aha na-atụ aro na o na-akwadebe spetszaryadami iku ngwá agha (nuclear). Ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke akụ ụta na ngwá "Nakhimova" tụziri "omume enyi" usoro nke ngwa. Egosipụta agha a ìgwè nke RCC bụ fọrọ nke nta agaghị ekwe omume.

Na mgbakwunye na isi batrị, Tarka na-atụ anya ga-burugodị na a subsonic n'aka 3M14 zubere maka terrestrial ala gbara osimiri okirikiri zaa. Anti-okpuru mmiri butere ga-eduzi mgbagwoju "Pack-NK" (ọ bụ omume na a akụkụ nke ogwe aka ahapụ ọma pụtara na ihe mgbe ochie "nsụda mmiri-NK"). Mere ogbunigwe RBU-6000 dochie anya "boas 1", ike nke na effecting nchedo ọgụ torpedo.

The ikuku agbachitere

Ọ ga-abụ ghọgbuo kwere na Bureau "Sevmash" anaghị eche banyere otú e si chebe megide ekwe omume agha ugbo elu na agba dị ka a isi oké osimiri iche dị ka "Admiral Nakhimov". Ugbo agha, n'agbanyeghị niile n'aka etinyere iji hụ ya na nzuzo, dị nnọọ conspicuous ihe, na bụrụ na nke a agha agha ga-apụghị izere ezere na-a iche maka iro mgbochi usoro. Na mbụ, ọrụ nke echiche kpebiri ikuku agha Sam "Fort" C-300F dị nnọọ mma, ma mkpa ka a gbanwee anya nke elu na-eri nke oru ngo na ya ogologo oge uru. Ọ na-e chere na onboard VOP imelite ọnọdụ n'okpuru oche Pu nso atụmatụ na e ji mara nke a n'ala mgbagwoju S-500. Ha bụ porous ụdị, ọ bụghị agba gburugburu, dị ka iso, na, n'ihi na ya ukwuu compactness, ha ga-abụ ihe (na kpụrụ nke-emegide ugbo elu agha ga-a narị ole na ole). Otu ụdị, N'ezie, ọ bụghị nanị. Ọzọkwa C-500, ịchịkwa na mbara igwe ship-ndú na ya "entourage" ezubere ogbunigwe agha mgbagwoju "Carapace-M." Otú ọ dị, nkọwa nke naval na-edu ndú, n'ihi na ihe doro anya na ihe mere, ekwughị.

General e ji mara nke ụgbọ mmiri na atụmanya ya

Na pịa leaked ozi na a ụfọdụ modernization ga-anata propulsion usoro tinyere a nuclear chernobyl, ma, o doro anya, bughi mgbanwe ga-enweghị a revolutionary agwa. Mma mma - naanị ihe a kwatara akwata, otú tụlee agha ọkachamara. "Admiral Nakhimov" - a ugbo agha, na arụmọrụ e ji mara nke na-atụle pụrụ iche na ya na-anya ụgbọ arụmọrụ bụ unmatched. Na zuru Ndahie nke n'elu 26.000 tọn na a ogologo nke 251 mita, o nwere a ike osisi, ike nke nke (100 MW) ga-ezuru ike na obodo bi na nke a ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke otu nde bi. Na mgbakwunye na nuclear chernobyl arịa nwere ihe abụọ ejighi oru boilers. Ya agaa (dị ka ndị ọrụ ụgbọ mmiri na-akpọ ọnụego) - 32 mara akpụ. Cruising nso na-akparaghị ókè, zuru obodo kwụụrụ bụ ọnwa abụọ. The ndi oru ugbo mejupụtara 630-akwọ ụgbọ mmiri na ndị ọchịchị nke keobere ọrụ na narị ojii.

Mgbe ụgbọ mmiri ahụ ga-alaghachi na-arụ ọrụ nke Northern Fleet? Dị ka atụmatụ ya nwere na-eme na 2018. Ikekwe, e nwere ga-abụ ụfọdụ na-atụghị anya ihe isi ike, nke na-akpọ ọtụtụ upgrades. Ma, ọ ga-apụghị izere ezere na-abịa n'ime osimiri - emelitere ugbo agha "Admiral Nakhimov". Photo nke ya bipụtara na periodicals, ga-obi ụtọ enyi nke mba anyị na yiri ka imebi ndị iro ya. Ma ọ bụghị naanị a foto ...