Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 German mbuso agha nke Poland na September 1, 1939

Na ụwa akụkọ ihe mere eme, ọ na-chere na ụbọchị nke mmalite nke World War II - September 1, 1939, mgbe ndị German agha kpakwara Poland. Ihe nke a bụ ya zuru ezu na-arụ na annexation nke ókèala nke ndị ọzọ States. N'ihi ya, Britain na France mara ọkwa ha abanye agha Germany, nke malitere e kere eke nke na-emegide Hitler mmekota. On ụbọchị ndị a, na European ọku biiri ọkụ na irresistible ike.

Akpịrị Ịkpọ Nkụ agha ọbọ

The-akwọ ụgbọala odudu nke na-eme ihe ike ike iwu nke Germany nke zitere bụ iji nyochaa European ala, guzosie ike dị na ndị Treaty nke Versailles ke 1919, ekpokọtara na ihe n'ụzọ iwu kwadoro agwụcha obere oge tupu agha. Dị ka ị maara, Germany n'oge ihe ọma mgbasa ozi maka ya ka furu efu a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ala nke ya na mbụ. Hitler ntuli aka mmeri na 1933 n'ụzọ dị ukwuu n'ihi ya oku maka agha ọbọ, ma igbaso niile German n'ókèala bi agbụrụ Germany. Dị otú ahụ ihapu otutu okwu hụrụ a miri-aghọta ihe atụ ke obi nke Ntuli, ha we nye ya ha votes.

Tupu e nwere agha na Poland (1 September 1939), na ndị ọzọ kpomkwem afọ tupu, Germany mere Anschluss (annexation) nke Austria na annexation nke Sudetenland n'ógbè Czechoslovakia. Mejuputa ndị a atụmatụ, na-echebe onwe ha site na o kwere omume na-eguzogide nke Poland, Hitler ama na ha gbara na 1934 udo nkwekorita, na n'ihi afọ anọ ifịk ifịk ike ọdịdị nke ọbụbụenyi. The picture agbanweela nnọọ mgbe Sudetenland na a akụkụ buru ibu nke Czechoslovakia na-forcibly mmasị ka Reich. Na ọhụrụ olu dara na German na-ekwuchitere mba nyere ikike ịbụ na Polish isi obodo.

Germany na-ekwu na-agbali na-emegide ya

Tupu September 1, 1939 isi German territorial ekwu megide Poland bụ, apụ, n'ala ya, n'akụkụ aka Baltic Oké Osimiri ma kewapụ Germany si East Prussia, na abuo, Danzig (Gdańsk), nke nwere n'oge ahụ ọnọdụ nke a free obodo. N'ọnọdụ abụọ ahụ, na-Reich chua bụghị nanị na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ọdịmma, ma kpere aku. Na nke a, ndị Polish Government nwere ifịk nsogbu German na-ekwuchitere mba.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke Wehrmacht m were akụkụ nke Czechoslovakia, nke ka na-edebe onwe ya, mgbe nke na ọ bịara doo anya na ọzọ ogbo ga-Poland. Summer na Moscow e nwere okwu na-ekwuchitere mba nke ọtụtụ mba. Ọrụ ha bụ ịzụlite European nchebe na e kere eke nke na ha jikọọ aka eduzi megide German ịchọ okwu. Ma ọ na-abụghị kpụrụ n'ihi ọnọdụ nke Poland onwe ya. Ke adianade do, ezi ihe n'obi na-adịghị kara aka na-emezu, na kpatara nke ọzọ sonyere, ọ bụla nke kpara atụmatụ ha.

Ihe nke a bụ ugbu a aha ọjọọ nkwekorita aka site na Molotov na Ribbentrop. Nke a akwụkwọ na-ekwe nkwa Hitler na-abụghị nnyonye anya nke Soviet n'akụkụ na ihe omume nke ime ihe ike, na Fuehrer nyere iwu ka mmalite nke agha ahụ.

Ndị agha ya maka agha na provocations na ókè-ala

Wakporo Poland, Germany a dị ịrịba ama uru na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pesonel nke ndị agha ha, na ha technical akụrụngwa. Ọ maara na n'oge a nke ha agha agukọta iri itoolu na asatọ nkewa, mgbe Poland September 1, 1939 ha nwere naanị iri atọ na itoolu. Plan ẹkemụm na Polish n'ókèala mụụrụ koodu aha "Weiss".

Mejuputa ya, German iwu dị mkpa a pretext, na na njikọ na Intelligence na counterintelligence e rụrụ a usoro nke provocations, onye nzube ya bụ na-ata ụta na akasiaha agha na ndị Poland. Ọrụ nke pụrụ iche ngalaba nke SS, na ndị omempụ, esi n'obodo dị iche iche German mkpọrọ, yi na ndi nkiti uwe na burugodị na Polish na ngwá agha, a usoro nke ọgụ na German ụlọ ọrụ dị niile tinyere ókè.

The mmalite nke agha: September 1, 1939

N'ihi ya kere n'oge ahụ n'igwa ezu: nchedo ya mba ọdịmma megide encroachments si n'èzí. Germany wakporo Poland na September 1, 1939, na n'oge na mgbe United Alaeze na France aghọwo ndị na-ihe. Land n'ihu akara erukwa iri na isii na narị kilomita, ma ndị ọzọ ka nke ahụ, ndị Germany na-eji ha agha mmiri.

Site n'ubọchi mbu nke na-akpasu iwe na German agha amụ ihe ọkụ na Danzig, nke a dị ịrịba ama ọtụtụ nri ebuka e lekwasị. Nke a obodo ghọrọ ndị mbụ mmeri nke mere ka Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ na Germany. September 1, 1939 malitere ya wakpo ala ahụ. Site na njedebe nke ụbọchị mbụ a mara ọkwa na mmakọ nke Danzig na Reich.

Na mbuso agha nke Poland September 1, 1939 rụrụ niile ego na mkpofu nke Reich agha. Ọ maara na ọ fọrọ nke nta n'otu oge e doro achị bombardment obodo ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka Wielun, Chojnice, Starogard na Bydgoszcz. Kasị SWAT agbanweela Vilyun ebe nwụrụ na ụbọchị iri na abụọ na narị bi, na iri asaa na ise percent nke ụlọ e bibiri. Ọzọkwa si Nazi bombs kpọrọ emetụta ọtụtụ obodo ndị ọzọ.

The results nke ntiwapụ nke agha Germany

Dị ka mbụ mepụtara usoro plan, September 1, 1939 malitere ịwa iwepụ ikuku Poland Aviation, dabeere na agha airfields n'akụkụ dị iche iche nke mba. Ndị a Germany mee ka ngwa ngwa ọganihu nke ya n'ala agha na-efunahụ okporo osisi ohere redeploy ọgụ ndị agha site okporo ígwè, dị ka nke ọma dị ka iji mezue butere obere oge tupu nchikota ndi mmadu di. Ọ na-kweere na n'ụbọchị nke atọ nke agha na Polish Air Force e bibiri.

German agha mepụtara na-akpasu iwe dị na atụmatụ, "Blitz Krieg" - àmụmà agha. September 1, 1939, ebe mere ya aghụghọ mbuso agha, ndị Germany na merela agadi miri n'ime obodo, ma na ọtụtụ ebe zutere di ọku eguzogide usụhọde ha na-agha nke Polish nkeji. Ma na mmekọrịta nke motorized na armored nkeji ka ha na-akpatara a ndinuak otiti. Ha ahu we ga n'iru, na-emeri ndị na-eguzogide nke Polish nkeji, napụ ekwe omume nke adịghị n'otu na kọntaktị na General Staff.

ịrara allies

Na dị na bịanyere aka na May 1939 nkwekọrịta, ndị Allied agha nwere ebe ọ bụ na mmalite ụbọchị nke German awakpo niile dị n'aka na-enyere ndị okporo osisi ya. Ma, n'ezie, ya tụgharịa nnọọ iche. The omume nke abụọ ndị a ụsụụ ndị agha ndị e mechara na-akpọ "phony agha". The eziokwu na na a ụbọchị mgbe e nwere agha na Poland (1 September 1939), ndị isi nke mba abụọ zigara German ọchịchị otu iwu kwụsị agha. Ebe ha anatagh a mma nzaghachi, ndị French agha gafere 7 September ndị German ókè-ala na Saar mpaghara.

Enweghị izute ọ bụla na-eguzogide, na ha nwere, o sina dị, kama na-emepe emepe n'ihu iwe, na-ewere ndị kasị mma n'ihi na ha na-ịnọgide na-alụ ọgụ ma malite iji laghachi mbụ ha, ọnọdụ. The English na-adịkarị ejedebeghị a chịkọtara nke ofufe. N'ihi ya, ha na-arụkọ aghụghọ rara ya nye Poland, na-ahapụ ya ilekọta onwe ha.

Ka ọ dịgodị, dịkọrọ ndụ ọkà mmụta ọ e chere na ụzọ ha Agbaghara a ohere pụrụ iche iji kwụsị Nazi awakpo na zọpụta ụmụ mmadụ site na nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ ogologo oge agha. N'ihi na ihe niile ike agha ya nke Germany n'oge ahụ enweghị zuru ezu agha alụ agha na atọ asakde iso ese. N'ihi na nke a nye nke France ugwo ukwuu maka n'afọ ọzọ, mgbe onye fasizim n'akụkụ ga-aga site na n'okporo ámá nke isi obodo ya.

The mbụ isi agha

A izu gasịrị Warsaw e doro ihe e di ọku iro onslaught, na, n'eziokwu, ebipụ isi agha nkeji. Ọ wakporo iri na isii Panzer agha Wehrmacht. Esiri ya ezigbo ike, na-agbachitere nke obodo na-enwe ike kwusi na onye iro. Agbachitere nke isi obodo, ịgbatị ruo mgbe 27 September. Ụdi capitulation zọpụta ya si zuru ezu na-apụghị izere ezere na mbibi. Maka dum oge bu ụzọ ndị Germany emeela ikeike jikoro ẹkemụm Warsaw: naanị otu ụbọchị 19 September 5818 ọ Mmiri zoro bombs, nke mere ka nnukwu mmebi nke pụrụ iche ụkpụrụ ụlọ ncheta, ọ bụghị banyere ndị mmadụ.

Isi agha n'ụbọchị ndị mere na osimiri Bzura - onye nke tributaries nke Vistula. Abụọ Polish agha kpataara a ndinuak igbu ka elu omume nke Warsaw 8th Division nke Wehrmacht. N'ihi ya, ndị Germany na-amanye na-aga na ihe iji chebe onwe, na na bịara nnapụta ha reinforcements enye a ịrịba space elu, gbanwere ụzọ agha. Polish agha ike n'iru ha elu agha. Ka otu narị na iri atọ na puku mmadụ nọ na-n'agha, na nanị ole na ole jisiri nke "n'akpa uwe" na-agbaji site na isi obodo.

Na-atụghị anya ihe omume

Chebe onwe plan dabeere na nkwenkwe na UK na France, na-arụ ọrụ dị ka onye na-enyere Devid aka, na-akụkụ na agha ahụ. Ọ na-e chere na Polish agha, alaghachi azụ n'ebe ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ-nke mba ahụ, kpụrụ a dị ike iji chebe onwe bridgehead, mgbe Wehrmacht ga-amanye ịkwaga akụkụ nke ndị agha ọhụrụ na ọkwa - maka a agha na abụọ asakde iso ese. Ma ndụ mere ya degharịa.

A ụbọchị ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị Red Army agha, dị ka ihe ọzọ na nzuzo protocol ndị Soviet-German na-abụghị ime ihe ike nkwekọrịta, banyere ókèala Poland. The ukara ebumnobi nke a edinam bụ iji hụ na nche nke Belarusians, Ukrainians na ndị Juu bi n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ na mpaghara nke mba. Otú ọ dị, n'ezie n'ihi nke iwebata agha bụ accession na Soviet Union a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Polish n'ókèala.

N'ịmata na agha ahụ furu efu, ndị Polish elu iwu fọdụrụ ná mba, na n'ihu nchikota nke omume rụrụ na Romania, ebe kwaga site na ịpị ókè-ala iwu na-akwadoghị. Na echiche nke-apụghị izere ezere nke na-arụ nke mba, na Polish ndú, họrọ Soviet agha, nyere iwu ya ụmụ amaala ibe ghara inye ha ndị na-eguzogide. Nke ahụ bụ ha ndudue mere ka a n'ihi nke amaghị nke eziokwu ahụ bụ na mmetụta nke abụọ na-emegide ha na-eduzi na a tupu achikota plan.

Ikpeazụ isi nke ndi-agha okporo osisi

Soviet agha njọ ama oké egwu ọnọdụ okporo osisi ya. Na oge a tara akpụ, anyị ama esịn abụọ nke ha toughest agha na ndi-agha òkè nke ndị e maka oge niile na agafeela kemgbe ahụ, mgbe September 1, 1939 Germany wakporo Poland. Na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ha na-alụ ọgụ nwere ike na-etinye na osimiri Bzura. Ha abụọ, na otu nkeji nke ọtụtụ ụbọchị, n'ebe dị nso n'obodo Tomaszow Lubelski, ugbu a gụnyere ke Lublin n'ógbè.

The ọgụ ozi okporo osisi gụnyere agha nke abụọ agha inwere site na German mgbochi, igbochi ụzọ Ọdụm. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ogologo na ọbara agha na Polish n'akụkụ ahụhụ arọ weere, na a mkpọrọ nke ndị Germany ihe karịrị puku mmadụ iri abụọ Polish agha. N'ihi ya, Tadeusz Piskor manyere ịkpọsa kwenye nke Central n'ihu edu ya.

Malite September 17 Agha nke Tamashuvom Lubelski anya maliteghachiri ji ume ọhụrụ. Nnọkọ e gara site Polish agha nke Northern Front, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ enwe site nke asaa agha agha German General Leonarda Vekera, na si n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ - a akụkụ nke Red Army, eme na ndị Germany dị ka otu atụmatụ. Ọ bụ nnọọ doro anya na-agwụ ike nke gara aga weere na-efunahụ nke nkwurịta okwu na izugbe agha na-edu ndú, okporo osisi ike n'iru ndi-agha nke na-awakpo ha jikọrọ aka.

Mmalite nke okpuru agha na oruru nke nzuzo dị iche iche

Site 27 September Warsaw bụ kpam kpam na-aka nke ndị Germany, jisiri na ọtụtụ akụkụ nke kpamkpam ndinuak ndị na-eguzogide ndị agha nkeji. Otú ọ dị, ọbụna mgbe mba ahụ nile e biri, ndị Polish iwu adịghị bịanyere aka ngwá nke chịlie aka elu. The obodo e n'ọtụtụ ebe gbapụ n'òtù ndị agha okpuru gawa site ọrụ agha na mkpa ihe ọmụma na ọgụ na ahụmahụ. Ke adianade do, ọbụna oge nke nọ n'ọrụ iguzogide ndị Nazi Polish iwu setịpụrụ wuo ọtụtụ ala nzukọ-akpọ "Service maka Poland si Victory."

Results nke Invasion nke Poland

Na mbuso agha nke Poland September 1, 1939 biri na ya meriri na ụdi ngalaba. Hitler zubere e kere eke nke ya popet ala na ókèala n'ime ókè nke Alaeze nke Poland, nke bụ akụkụ si 1815 na 1917 na Russia. Ma Stalin megidere plan, dị ka ọ bụ ezigbo onye iro nke ihe ọ bụla Polish mmụta ọha na eze.

Germany si mbuso agha nke Poland na 1939 na ụdi zuru mmeri ikpeazụ nyeere Soviet Union na afọ ndị ahụ bụ na-arụrụ Germany, mmasị ya n'ókè-ala ebe nke 196.000 square mita. km na n'ihi nke a dịkwuo bi site nde mmadụ 13. The ọhụrụ n'ókè iche ebe nke kọmpat obibi nke Ukrainians na Belarusians si ebe mbụk bi Germany.

Ekwu okwu nke na German agha na Poland na September 1939, ọ ga-ahụ kwuru na ike ike German na-edu ndú jisiri dị ka a dum iji nweta ha atụmatụ. Dị ka a n'ihi nke hostilities ókè-ala nke East Prussia kpaliri ruo Warsaw. Iwu nọmba 1939 nke Polish anāchi achi na a bi na nke karịa itoolu na ọkara nde mmadụ ghọrọ akụkụ nke Alaeze Ukwu nke Atọ.

Nuudi ya chekwara na a obere akụkụ nke mbụ ala, subordinated na Berlin. Isi obodo ya bụ Kraków. N'ihi na a ogologo oge (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945) Poland nwere obere ohere na-eduzi ọ bụla nọọrọ onwe ha iwu.