Akụrụ ntutu bụ ... Ọrụ nke ntutu isi

Ngosipụta nke mgbagwoju anya nke osisi na-akọwapụta ihe dị iche iche nke ahụ ha: mgbọrọgwụ, osisi, epupụta, a na-akpọ akụkụ vegetative. Ha na-ahụ maka usoro nke photosynthesis, transpiration, osmosis. N'ime akwụkwọ a, anyị ga-amụ nhazi na ọrụ nke ihe ọkụkụ dịka ntutu isi. Ndị a bụ akụkụ dị mkpa nke na-achọpụta na mmiri na salite ịnweta si na ala.

Mgbọrọgwụ - osisi vegetative nke mkpụrụ osisi

The ala akụkụ nke gymnosperms na okooko osisi na-anọchi anya abụọ na ụdị nke mgbọrọgwụ usoro: isi na fibrous. Ha nwere isi, mpụta, ngwa (na monocotyledonous osisi) mgbọrọgwụ na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke obere akụkụ, a na - akpọ - ntutu isi.

Ndị a bụ mkpụrụ osisi na-anọchite anya otu sel nke epibblem (rhizoderm). A na-akpọ ha "trioblasts." Ịbụ onye nkwado ma na-arụ ọrụ nke ịchekwa ihe ndị dị n'ime mmiri, absorption na mmeputakwa (ihe mgbọrọgwụ mgbọrọgwụ cherị, willows), mgbọrọgwụ na-etinyekwa aka na ntinye aka n'ime usoro ọgwụgwọ dị otú a dị ka ịṅụ mmiri, respiration, na photosynthesis.

Mpaghara nhicha

Isi mgbọrọgwụ nwere usoro ọdịdị dị mgbagwoju anya, akụkụ ya dị iche iche na-arụkwa ọtụtụ ọrụ. Na nke a, a na-akpọkarị ha mpaghara. Dabere na arụ ọrụ nke ntutu isi (n'elu ebe gbaturu na-abanye na mpaghara nke na-eto eto), na ụyọkọ nke njirimara nke anụ ahụ na-emekọrịta ihe. A na-akpọ ebe a mpaghara mpaghara. O sitere na otu ruo atọ sentimita. Na mpaghara a nwere ike ịnọ site na 200 ruo 1500 na ndị ọzọ epibblem elongated. Ha anaghị ebi ogologo oge: site na ọtụtụ awa ruo ụbọchị 20, wee nwụọ. N'otu oge ahụ, a na-emepụta akụkụ ọhụrụ site na rhizoderm. Mkpịsị isi nke ntutu isi ya, na nchọta ya na ala, nwere ike ịmịkọrọ mmiri mmiri ma gbarie salts sitere na ya dịka sodium, chlorine, magnesium, mmiri fọdụrụ na nitrate, nitrite na acid phosphate.

Ntughari na atụmatụ nke usoro ya

Nke a osisi anụ ahụ na-ezo aka a ìgwè nke isi meristems. Site n'ikere òkè na nkewa, mkpụrụ ndụ ya na-enye ihe dị ka ntutu isi. Nke a pụtara na elu oyi akwa nke izi ákwà nke mgbọrọgwụ - fellogene. Rhizoderm nke a malitere n'oge oge na-eto eto nwụrụ. N'ebe ya, a na-emepụta mkpụrụ ndụ nke na-eto eto - nke na-enweghị ike imetụta ihe ngwọta ala. Nkpuru isi ohuru ohuru, nke bu ihe ndi ozo bu mmiri na ihe nnu nke oku nwere, bu nke sitere na akuku nke akwukwo akwukwo.

Ọrụ nke ntutu isi

A na-emepụta akụkụ ndị a site na nkedo nke rhizoderm ma na-anọchite anya otu mkpụrụ ndụ nke isi ihe ndị dị na mbụ, nke nwere ike ịmịnye ngwọta ala. Ka oge na-aga, ha na-agbatị, na akpụkpọ ahụ na-enwe ike ịbanye n'ime ọgwụ hypotonic na nke nwere nchebe nke salts. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, mgbe a na-emepụta nri ịnweta ịnweta, a na-emepụta nri nitrogen na potassium, ọdịnaya nke ammonium, potassium, na nitrate ions na-abawanye na ala. Nke a na-eme na oge opupu ihe ubi, ebe ọ bụ oge kacha mma iji tinye ụdị nri a. Ihe ngwọta ala nke nwere ions ions ndị e depụtara n'elu na-abanye n'ime cytoplasm nke trichoblast site na mgbasa ozi.

Akuku akwukwo nri nke akwukwo nri, nke choro otutu oge maka mgbasa, na-eme ka mmuo nke acidic residues nke phosphate na metaphosphoric acid site na ntutu isi nke ions. Site na mmalite nke ụkwụ ụkwụ na mbubreyo nke February - mmalite March, ihe fọrọ nke nta ka mkpụrụ ndụ sel nke rhizoderm jupụta na mkpụrụ osisi, a na-ewepụ ihe dị na ngwugwu nke ntutu isi. Oghere ahụ n'onwe ya nwere ike ịchekwa mkpụrụ ndụ nke mmiri ọgwụ organic: oxalic, apple. Ha na-ekpochapụ ihe dị n'ime humus, na-eme ka usoro ntinye ọkụ. Ọkpụkpụ ntutu isi na-eme ngwa ngwa. N'agbanyeghị ndụ dị mkpụmkpụ, ha na-enwe ike imeri nnukwu ngwọta ala. Ka ihe atụ, Original Mix osisi mmiri ebe bụ banyere 120 na 640 m ^2.

Kedu ihe bụ trioblasts?

N'oge gara aga, anyị mụtara atụmatụ nke usoro na ọrụ nke anụ ahụ bụ isi nke mkpuchi osisi. Ọ na-enwe otu oyi akwa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ma a na-akpọ ya epilblem, nke dị na mgbọrọgwụ nwata, na-eto site na isi ma ọ bụ ngwa mgbọrọgwụ. Akpọrọgwụ ntutu bụ nkwụpụta nke anụ ahụ na-emekọrịta ihe, nke bụ akụkụ dị elu elongated. A ghaghị icheta na mkpụrụ ndụ epileptic niile bụ ihe ruru ala, ya bụ, ha nwere ike ịmalite ntutu isi. Ma a na-akpụpụta ha nanị site na trioblasts - mmegharị nke ndị nwere ike, na-enwe ụdị microscopic tubercles.

Mkpuchi anụ ahụ maka guzobe trihoblastov nwere cytologic atụmatụ nke Ọdịdị: ya mkpụrụ ndụ na-enweghị ihe cuticle na oké mgbidi cellulose. Na cytoplasm, e nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke organelles synthesizing molecules ATP, mitochondria. Ha dị mkpa, ebe ọ bụ na absorption nke mmiri na saline ịnweta chọrọ ume. Trihoblasty nwekwara stomata - ekpuchi anụ ahụ ọcha maka Filiks na-eku ume osisi na transpiration - mmiri evaporation.

Olee otú ngwọta salts si abanye n'ime mgbọrọgwụ osisi

Trichoblast na ntutu isi ya si na ya pụta, ọrụ nke bụ nhichapụ mmiri na salite ịnweta si n'ala, nwere ike ịre dị ka usoro osmotic. Enweghị mgbidi siri ike na mgbanaka nke akpụkpọ ahụ na-eme ka njem nke ụmụ irighiri ihe dị na gburugburu ebe obibi dị na cytoplasm. Na akụkụ pụrụ iche nke isi ntutu isi - ihe mgbochi, ngwọta hypertensive nke glucose, fructose, apple, citric na oxalic acid.

Ma akpụkpọ ahụ na mkpụrụ ndụ tonoplast ahụ ahọrọlarị semipermeability. Ya mere, ngwọta ala, ebe ọ bụ na ọ naghị etinye uche karịa mkpụrụ ndụ ahụ, na-abanye na mgbọrọgwụ ntutu dịka iwu nke osmosis. Mmiri nke ihe ngwọta nke sitere na ala dị elu karịa ndepụta a na tonoplast, na ike osmotic dị ala. Mmiri na ịnweta salite na-esi na mkpịsị ntutu isi na-esite na ya. Nke a conductive ákwà akpụ osisi containers - ma ọ bụ oghere eji ekunye ume tracheids. N'elu ha, ngwọta ala na-eme ka osisi ahụ gaa na epupụta n'akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke osisi ahụ.

Nkọwa na ihe ọ pụtara

Iji mee ka akụkụ nke usoro mgbọrọgwụ dịkwuo elu, ọ dị mkpa iji mee ka ọnụ ọgụgụ mgbọrọgwụ dị elu. Ha epilobium nke nwere trichoblasts, ha ga - etolitekwa ntutu isi. Iji mee nke a, jiri usoro usoro ịkụkọta elu mgbọrọgwụ ahụ, na-ebibi mpaghara fission, nke dị n'elu mkpuchi mgbọrọgwụ. A na-akpọ ya gọọmenti. Usoro a na-eme ka uto nke akụkụ ndị dị n'akụkụ, bụ nke nnukwu ntutu isi na-amalite. N'okwu a, ọganihu nke isi mgbọrọgwụ kwụsịrị n'ogologo. Ógbè buru ibu nke mpaghara mmiri na-emetụta uto na mmepe nke osisi, na-amụba mkpụrụ ya na ike.

N'isiokwu a anyị na-enyocha bughi atụmatụ nke absorption nkebi nke mgbọrọgwụ nke angiosperms na chọpụtara ihe bụ ọrụ nke mgbọrọgwụ ntutu, na-eto eto si rhizodermis.