Alexander, na Grand Duke. The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu

Grand Duke Romanov Alexander Mikhailovich mụrụ April 13, 1866 na Tiflis. Ọtụtụ n'ime ndụ ya e kwuwo na mmepe nke Navy na Air Force. Nke a so na eze usoro ndị eze na-echeta ha imewe oru ngo, adịteghị na-edu ndú nke Maritime ahia, na-arụsi ọrụ ike na oge nke njem mgbe Civil War.

Nwata na-eto eto

The Grand Duke bụ nwa Mikhail Nikolayevich na nwa nwa Emperor Nicholas I. Tsar Alexander III, ọ bụ a na nwa nwanne nna. The ikpeazụ, edidem Nicholas II bụ ukwu ya-nwa nwanne. Alexander nne - Olga Fedorovna - bụ a German site nwa. Ọ bụ nwa nwanyị nke Duke Leopold nke Baden.

Dị ka nwatakịrị, ọdịnihu Tsar Nicholas II nwere a ole na ole enyi. Otu n'ime ha e weere Alexander. The Grand Duke na onye nketa ka ocheeze bụ fọrọ nke nta ahụ afọ na a dị iche nke afọ abụọ. Dị ka ọtụtụ obere nnọchiteanya nke House of Romanov, Alexander họọrọ a agha ọrụ. Ọ rịọrọ na Marine Metropolitan College, ebe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na 1885. Nwa nwoke ahụ n'usoro nke ikike mara na tụgharịa si na-debara aha na-eche ha nche. The nhọrọ bụ na mberede. Nche bụ a prestigious naval akụkụ nke a akụkụ nke Imperial Nche.

World tour

Na 1886, Romanov Aleksandr Mihaylovich gara circumnavigate ụwa, malite si dị ka a midshipman. Grand Duke skirted na mbara ala na bronepalubnom corvette "mgbịrịgba." On Christmas Eve, ụgbọ mmiri ahụ banyere territorial mmiri a anya Brazil. Alexander ọbụna ụgwọ ihe ukara nleta na Gdańsk Emperor Pedro II. Edidem zutere Russian ọbịa ya n'elu ugwu na obi Petropolis, ebe echere zenith na-ekpo ọkụ n'ebe ndịda n'oge okpomọkụ. Dị nnọọ a di na nwunye nke afọ, Pedro abdicated, na Brazil ghọrọ a Republic.

The Grand Duke mere a na-akwụsị na South Africa. N'ebe ahụ, ọ bịara mata na ndụ na ịrụsi ọrụ ike nke Dutch ọrụ ugbo. Si Cape Town malitere ndị fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ mgbanwe "Rynda" - na Singapore. The ụgbọ mmiri nọrọ n'oké osimiri 45 ụbọchị, n'oge nke oge ya na ndi oru ugbo na-ahụbeghị a ndumodu nke na-eru nso ala. Dị ka memoirs nke Alexander Mikhailovich, ọ bụla nke abụọ ụlọ Singapore si Chinatown bụ ọgwụ opium den, ebe ndị hụrụ mgbe ahụ na-ewu ewu na ọgwụ ọjọọ.

Ya 21 ụbọchị ọmụmụ nwa nwanne nna mgbe zutere eze na ụzọ ya Hong Kong. Mgbe ahụ, ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ na Nagasaki, ebe gara a njem India, Australia na Philippines. Na Japan, na-Grand Duke gara Gdańsk eze ukwu na mụtara ọbụna ndị bụ isi nke asụsụ obodo. "Rynda" laghachiri na Europe ke ini utọ 1889, mgbe-agafe site na Suez Canal na Egypt. Tupu ị na-home, bụ nnukwu onyeisi bụ a ọbịa na British Queen Victoria, bụ onye na Romanov na ile ọbịa, ọ bụ ezie na a oge siri ike nke British-Russian mmekọahụ.

Na Alexander Mikhailovich o nwere onwe ya ụgbọ mmiri "Tamara". On ya, ọ na-mere ọtụtụ njem. Na 1891, "Tamara" gara India. Obere oge mgbe njem Alexander ghọrọ ọchịagha na mbibi "revel" Ke 1893, ya na skwodron gara North America. Frigeeti "Dmitry Donskoy" na ndị ọzọ Russian mmiri e zigara na New World na oge nke 400th ncheta nke ya chọpụtara site Columbus.

alụmdi na nwunye

Na 1894 ama na ọ bụ Alexander - Ukwu Duke - na n'usoro nke onyeisi. Obere oge mgbe nke a nkwalite ọ lụrụ. Alexander na nwunye ya ghọrọ Xenia Alexandrovna. The Grand Duchess bu nke-ntà nwanne Nicholas II. Ọ ma di ya n'ọdịnihu kemgbe ha bụ nwata - o agakarị Gatchina, ebe e nwere umu Alexander III.

Ebughibu ogologo Dave bụ nanị na-eto eto ịhụnanya Xenia. The mbụ obi ya, ọ gwara nwanne ya nwoke Nicholas, bụ onye kpọrọ a enyi Alexander Sandro. Agbamakwụkwọ nke Grand Duke na Grand Duchess wee ebe July 25, 1894 na Peterhof. Di na nwunye nwere ụmụ asaa - ụmụ isii na otu nwaanyị (Irina, Andrei, Fedor, Nikita, ala Rọshịa bụ Dmitri, Rostislav na Basil).

Ilekọta Navy

Na 1891 Alexander malitere ebipụta ndekọ "agha mmiri", nke ghọrọ nnọọ ewu ewu magazine na anụ ụlọ nsoro. N'otu afọ nne ya nwụrụ Olga Fedorovna. Grand Duke ugwo ukwuu anya ala nke Pacific Fleet. Iji wusie ya, Alexander nọrọ ọtụtụ afọ na nkwadebe a usoro ihe omume nke ya mgbanwe. The akwụkwọ e gosiri Nicholas II na 1895.

Ezie na Far East bụ aghariigha - na China e nwere nsogbu na Japan ngwa ngwa modernized na malitere na-ekwu na aha nke isi ike na mpaghara. Nke n'okpuru ọnọdụ ndị a na m mere Alexander? Grand Duke chọrọ n'ihu si eziokwu na Japan na-emepe emepe ngwa ngwa, n'oge ọ ikwusa agha Russia. Ya-eto eto, ọ nọrọ afọ abụọ ke Land of ọwụwa Sun, na n'oge a nwere ike ịhụ ji anya ọganihu na-abịa na a obere oge agwaetiti alaeze ukwu.

Otú ọ dị, Grand Duke ịdọ aka ná ntị e kpọrọ St. Petersburg iyatesịt. More elu-ogo agha na ndị òtù nke usoro ndị eze bụ Japan dị ka a na-adịghị ike iro, na emeghị tụlee mkpa iji kwadebe maka a siri ike mgbasa ozi. Oge egosiwo na ha bụ ndị na-ezighị ezi. O sina dị, ihe omume na-adịghị nakweere. Ke adianade do, n'ihi na nke esemokwu banyere ọdịnihu nke nsoro lara ezumike nká ya Alexander e zitere nkenke. The Grand Duke laghachi ịrụzi na 1898, na-aghọ ihe mara na agha coastguard "General-Admiral Apraksin".

engineering nweta

Service na "Apraksin" Grand Duke nyere uru ahụmahụ, nke kpụrụ ya dabere imewe ọrụ. Na 1900, ndị agha okokụre osisi dịrị agha coastguard "Admiral Butakov". Ọ ghọrọ rethinking nke "Apraksin". Na Alexander Mikhailovich arụ ọrụ na oru ngo-isi engineer nke ụgbọ mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri isi obodo Dmitriy Skortsov.

Ọzọ mkpụrụ nke engineering ọrụ nke Grand Duke - a ngo agha na a Ndahie nke 14,000 tọn. Ọ natara iri na isi na egbe. An yiri oru ngo n'out oge na Alexander Mikhailovich gụsịrị akwụkwọ na ama naval engineer Vittorio Kunibert. Nke a osisi bụ ihe ndabere maka ndị na-ewu ụgbọ mmiri nke klas "Regina Elena". Ihe dị iche n'etiti echiche Kunibert na Grand Duke bụ naanị na eziokwu ahụ bụ na echiche nke ihe Italian, na iche mgbanwe Romanova, mgbe nile e ghọtara.

The Cabinet nke Ozi

Na 1903, n'oge na-Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich bịara ozi ọma Obí. Ọ na-akwalite N'azụ Admiral. Tupu Grand Duke afọ abụọ bụ a-isi na agha "Rostislav". Ugbu a Alexander lekwasịrị anya n'usoro iwu ọrụ. Ọ gara Office nke Merchant Mbupu Council. Alexander mekwara eze iji tọghata gị n'ụlọnga. Na November 1902 na Council ghọrọ General Directorate of Merchant Mbupu na Ports, na n'ezie - Ministry.

The ezoro na ndị isi na-agbachitere ọhụrụ gị n'ụlọnga bụ onwe ya Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich. The Russian nsoro dị mkpa a iche iche alụmdi nke ga-echebe ya ahia ọdịmma, chere Romanov. Otú ọ dị, n'agbanyeghị otú e ji ezi nzube ma ọ bụ na-eduzi nobleman, o nwere na ihu obere mmegide fọdụrụ ozi. Ha mere na-amasị na a so na ezinụlọ eze batara na-arụ ọrụ nke ọchịchị. Fọrọ nke nta dum Cabinet tụgharịa emegide Alexander Mikhailovich. Ọrụ ibe ya mere ha kacha mma ekpek Emperor igbari General Administration. E mere nke a na 1905. N'ihi ya, ihe e kere eke nke Grand Duke adịwo ndụ na-erughị afọ atọ.

The agha na Japan

C biakwa obibia nke Russian-Japanese War, na Navy nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ihu a ihe ịma aka. Alexander, onye nyere ya ọtụtụ ná ndụ ya, were ifịk akụkụ na mkpọsa. Ọ wee kpọrọ arụmọrụ na ọzụzụ support arịa ekesịpde site na Volunteer Fleet. Mgbe ahụ, ha na-aga a kọmitii hazie collection of onyinye ike agha squadrons.

Na 1905, na-esonụ mkpochapu ya ozi, Alexander ghọrọ onyeisi ndị detachment nke nāpunara na mgbere, nke m, nyere na ndiife ịgba akwụkwọ. Mgbe ajụjụ bilie nke na-ezipụ a abụọ Pacific skwodron na n'igbere mmiri na Far East, na Grand Duke kwuru na ihe ndị a na mkpebi, ihe mmiri inadequately kwadebere. Ọbụna mgbe ọgwụgwụ nke Russian-Japanese Agha oké-nne nna nke eze, ọ wee akụkụ ke nkwadebe nke omume na-ezube wughachi gbajisịa n'oge naval mkpọsa.

Admiral na chi nke ụgbọelu

Na 1909 na Grand Duke ghọrọ osote ochiagha. N'otu afọ nna ya nwụrụ, Mikhail Nikolaevich. Iri afọ abụọ, ọ bụ gọvanọ nke Caucasus, ọbụna '24 - onyeisi oche nke State Council. Mikhail ụmụ isii, na Alexander biri ogologo karịa ihe ọ bụla nke ya na ụmụnna.

Na 1915, ndị Grand Duke ghọrọ onye ochiagha. Otú ọ dị, ya na ọrụ ya bụ nchegbu ọ bụghị nanị nsoro. Alexander mere a otutu maka mmepe nke mba Aeronautics. Ọ bụ ya bụ na ụzọ 1910 e tọrọ ntọala Sevastopol ojii ụgbọelu akwụkwọ. Ọzọkwa, oké-nne nna nke eze bu onye-isi nke Imperial ikuku ike. N'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, ndị Grand Duke nyochara ụgbọ mmiri na ugbo elu.

Mgbanwe na Civil War

The February mgbanwe inikiet inikiet gbanwere ndụ niile Romanovs. eze ndị òtù ezinụlọ na-ewepụ ndị agha. Alexander Mikhailovich e asuan si ọrụ, ma na-a edo. The obere ọchịchị kwere ya ibi na ya onwe ya Crimea ala na ụlọ. Ikekwe naanị a-adọ aga n'ebe ndịda napụtara nwa amaala Romanova. Na ya na Crimea kpaliri Xenia Alexandrovna na ụmụ ha.

Alexander ahapụghị Russia ruo mgbe ikpeazụ oge. N'oge Civil War Crimea ọtụtụ ugboro sitewo n'aka n'aka. Mgbe ike na dịịrị banye na mmiri nwa oge kwagara Bolsheviks, na Romanovs ndị n'ihe ize ndụ. Mgbe ahụ Crimea bịara n'okpuru German arụ. Mgbe Peace nke Brest ya ogologo ẹkenịmde mba ọzọ allies nke Entente White. Ọ bụ mgbe Alexander ya na ezinụlọ ya kpebiri ịhapụ Russia. Na December 1918, o wee a British mmiri iji France.

njem

Na Paris, Alexander ghọrọ onye òtù nke Russian na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị nzukọ. Nke a Ọdịdị e guzobere Soviet ọchịchị na-emegide iji na-anọchi anya na-ebute ọdịmma nke mba ya na Versailles ogbako. Ná ngwụsị nke 1918 na ọ hapụrụ First World War na ugbu a-eto eto nke na mba na-aga na-ekpebi akara aka nke Europe. Russia, nke n'ihu ndị Bolsheviks wee ike n'eziokwu rụrụ ọrụ ha na Entente, e napụ onodi na Versailles maka a iche iche n'udo Germany. Na-akwado nke na-acha ọcha ije nwakwara ijide ọkọlọtọ ama esịn si, ma o nweghị isi. Alexander onwe ya na-eji ya nile ego ime ka ọchịchị ala ọzọ kwatuo Bolsheviks, ma okpu.

Agbali kwabatara, dị ka ị maara, ma ọ bụ enweghị isi. N'etiti ọtụtụ Grand Duke gara Europe, na-enwe olileanya na-alaghachi n'ụlọ. Ọ bụ n'ebe dị anya n'ebe ndị agadi nwoke, na nso nso steepụ n'elu nbata-uzọ nke afọ iri ise, na-atụ anya a mma n'ọdịnihu. Otú ọ dị, dị ka ndị ọzọ na-acha ọcha kwabatara, Alexander na nọgidere ruo mgbe ọnwụ ya na a n'ala ọzọ. Ya ebe obibi ọ họọrọ France.

The Grand Duke bụ onye òtù nke ọtụtụ kwagara òtù. Ọ bụ onyeisi oche nke Union nke Russian agha ụgbọelu, were akụkụ na-eme ka Petrom Vrangelem Russian Military Union. Romanov nyeere ọtụtụ ụmụ n'ala ọzọ na ọtụtụ ngwangwa ọnọdụ.

The ikpeazụ afọ nke ndụ nke a na nwa nwanne nna nke Nicholas II gara ọrụ nke ha onwe ha memoirs. Na e biri ebi ụdị echeta nke Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich ( "Book of Ikike icheta") e bipụtara na 1933 na a Paris nkwusa. Na-ede nwụrụ n'oge na mgbe ọdịdị nke ọrụ ya na-echekwa. Ọ nwụrụ na February 26, 1933 na-eme n'obodo Roquebrune na Cote d'Azur. Alpes-Maritimes na-aghọ izu ike ebe foduru nke nwunye Grand Duke Xenia Alexandrovna. Ọ na-anwụghị site di ya nke afọ 27, nwụrụ April 20, 1960 na British Windsor.

Memoirs nke Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich taa ndị na-akpali ncheta gburugburu oge mba akụkọ ihe mere eme. Mgbe ọdịda nke ọchịchị Kọmunist, ebe nchekwa nke Romanov n'ụlọ, nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-anọchite anya nke eze usoro ndị eze, e mesịrị weghachiri eweghachi. Na 2012, na St. Petersburg na ọ bụ a ọla na na. ede akwụkwọ nke ncheta ghọrọ a ọkpụ na so na Presidium nke Russian Academy nke Arts Albert Charkin.