Paleogene oge - oge nke guzobere mammals. e ji mara Paleogene

Ụfọdụ oge nke geological akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Earth, na Paleogene, na Devonian, Cambrian ka ihe atụ, dị iche na osisi ike mgbanwe n'ala. Ya mere, 570 mln.- 480 nde afọ gara aga, na mberede a ọtụtụ ihe onwunwe. 400 nde - 320 nde afọ gara aga, ruru ya elu orogenic ije. On n'ala malitere ịgbasa nkpuru osisi, amphibians pụtara. Ọ na-kweere na nke a bụ ihe kasị ike na oge nke Ụwa geological mere eme. Paleogene n-d jikọrọ ọnụ Ọdịdị bụ mgbagwoju. N'ọtụtụ ụzọ, ọ bụ yiri oge a.

Atụmatụ eke ọnọdụ

Ke ofụri ofụri, n'oge e guzobere jikọrọ ọnụ Ọdịdị na mbara ala nọgidere dịtụ elu okpomọkụ. Nke a bụ ihe ndị njupụta nke ọnọdụ nke desert, reptaili nkesa, evolushọn nke ụmụ ahụhụ (Paleogene, Perm). Triassic oge akara ntoputa nke oge ochie mammals mbụ dinosaurs. On n'ala adịkwaghị coniferous osisi. Na Paleogene ihu igwe dị nwayọọ. Na Equatorial okpomọkụ pụrụ iru 28 degrees, na ebe nso North Sea -. 22-26.

zoning

N'oge Paleogene e ise zones:

• 2 subtropical.
• Equatorial.
• 2 ebe okpomọkụ.

The okpomọkụ na-akwalite nọ n'ọrụ weathering. Ihe Ncheta nke laterite na kaolinite isi ngwaahịa na ha redeposition na-mara nke Brazil ọta na California, India, Africa na agwaetiti nke Indo-Malay Archipelago. Na Equatorial akụkụ wee malite ịkpa mmiri Evergreen ọhịa. Ha nwere ụfọdụ yie na ẹdude arrays taa na sub-Saharan Africa na Amazon. Wet achasi ndị ahụkarị Western Europe, na United States, n'ebe ndịda na etiti n'ógbè Eastern Europe, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ n'akụkụ nke China na Asia. Na ndịda zonebyli nkịtị mmiri-n'anya Evergreen ọhịa. E mere ferriallitnoe na lateritic weathering. Southern n'ebe okpomọkụ na-ekpuchi akụkụ bụ isi nke Australia, akụkụ nke South. America na South Africa.

subtropics

Ha na-ekesa ke edere edere United States na East European n'elu ikpo okwu, ebe ndịda Canada, Japan na Far East. Ọnụ na evergreens broadleaf plantings na-akp ka ebe ndị a. Na Southern Hemisphere subtropics ndị juru n'ebe ndịda nke Chile na Argentina, New Zealand na South. Australia. The nkezi okpomọkụ nke elu mmiri dị epicontinental n'oké osimiri belt bụ ọ dịghị ihe karịrị 18 degrees. Eleghị anya ọnọdụ na-emechi na-agafeghị oke, ike ndị dị n'ókèala nke Far North nke North America Afrika, na Kamchatka Peninsula n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ Siberia. N'oge Eocene, na nke nke ebe okpomọkụ na Equatorial zones budata gbasaa, ọnọdụ nke subtropics na-obibi tere aka pola mpaghara.

e ji mara Paleogene

Ọ malitere 65 nde, na biri 23,5 nde afọ gara aga. Dị ka a dị iche iche kwadoro Paleogene ekenyela Naumann na 1866, ọ na-gụnyere Up ka a na tertiary usoro. Ọdịdị nke jikọrọ ọnụ ọnụ na agadi na-eto eto ugbu nyiwe. Adịbeghị anya mgbasa zuru ezu nnukwu ebe na geosynclinal n'ogige atụrụ eriri. N'ógbè ha dị ka e jiri ya tụnyere mmalite nke Mesozoic, budata ebelata na Pacific mpaghara. Ebe mmalite nke Cenozoic oge e nwere ndị buru ibu apịaji ugwu mpaghara. Ke edere edere Ụwa ka North America na Eurasia. Abụọ ndị a n'elu ikpo okwu gụnyere otu n'usoro nke oge ochie na-eto eto na ya. Ha na-akọrọ ndị Atlantic efere, ma na nke ebe Bering Sea, ẹdude taa na ha na-ejikọrọ. N'ebe ndịda nke Afrika nke Gondwana ebibiela. Antarctica na Australia bụ iche iche na-enye. South America na Africa jikọrọ ruo n'etiti Eocene.

Flora

Paleogene Cainozoe dị iche iche ubiquitous achị angiosperms na softwood (gymnosperms). Nke ikpeazụ na-na-ekesa nanị na elu latitudes. The Equatorial ọhịa ike, na nke toro predominantly roba osisi, osisi dị iche iche ndị nnọchiteanya nke sandalwood. Na obi nke Afrika adịkwaghị woodlands na savannas. Middle latitudes bu ebe mgbasa nke ebe okpomọkụ mmiri-n'anya osisi na osisi nke ọnọdụ latitudes. E nwere osisi ferns, sandal, achịcha na banana osisi. Na ebe nke elu ohere umu mejupụtara gbanwere n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama. Ebe a na Paleogene oge na-eto Araucaria, arborvitae, fir, akpu, laurel, chestnut, redwood, Myrtle. All n'ime ha bụ ndị na-ahụkarị ndị nnọchiteanya nke osisi subtropics. Ahịhịa na Paleogene oge bụ na Ugwu Finland. Na America, Northern Europe na Arctic adịkwaghị coniferous na sara mbara-leaved deciduous ọhịa. Ma-eto na ebe ndị a na subtropical osisi, dị ka a kọwara n'elu. On ha mmepe na ibu anaghị nwere a akpan akpan mmetụta nke pola n'abalị.

terrestrial fauna

Animals na Paleogene oge radically dị iche iche site na ihe ha we di n'iru. Kama dinosaurs dị obere oge ochie mammals. Ha tumadi bi n'oké ọhịa na mpaghara na marshes. Budata belata ọnụ ọgụgụ nke amphibians na akpụ akpụ. Ha malitere ịgbasa proboscidian, ezì na tapiropodobnye, indikoterievye (yiri a enyí ọhịa). Ọtụtụ n'ime ha na e nwetara n'ihi arụ ọtụtụ mgbe na mmiri. Na Paleogene oge nke planet malitere ibi dị ka ndị nna nna ịnyịnya, òké nke dị iche iche ụdị. Dịtụ mesịrị pụtara creodontas (anụ). The n'elu osisi malitere ogide a toothless nnunu. Savannah bi eri diatrimy. Ha enweghị ike ife nnụnụ. Ụmụ ahụhụ ndị na-adade ke a dịgasị iche iche nke iche-iche. Ná mmalite Paleogene malitere ịpụta lemurs - ndị nnọchiteanya nke ndị kasị oge ochie dị iche iche nke primates - prosimians. Malitekwara ibi n'ala nnukwu marsupials. Otu n'ime ha na-mara na herbivorous na carnivorous nnochite anya.

mmiri na-anọchite anya

Na Paleogene ini ịma ifuru nke bivalve molluscs na cephalopods. N'ụzọ dị iche na gara aga umu, ha bi bụghị naanị nnu mmiri, ma brackish na freshwater ọdọ mmiri. Ụfọdụ n'ime gastropods e biri na larịị. oge ufodu oké osimiri urchins aghọwo karịsịa ebe nile n'etiti ndị ọzọ invertebrates, fom, bryozoans, ruby, arthropod. Nta ichekwa adade decapod crustaceans. A na-agụnye, akpan akpan, na-agụnye oporo na ịsha. Budata belata tụnyere tupu oge ọrụ brahoipod na bryozoans. Dị ka a N'ihi nke na-adịbeghị anya ọmụmụ, ọ hụrụ na a pụrụ iche uru n'etiti ntule n'oge nwere ndị nnọchiteanya nanoplankton - microscopic kokkolitofridy. The okooko ndị a ọlaedo algae gua Eocene. Ọnụ na ha, anyị nwere a uru rockforming diatomaceous siliceous na flagellates. Sea mmadụ bi nwekwara vertebrates. N'etiti ha, ndị kasị nile iji bụrụ naanị ọkpụkpụ ọkpụkpụ azụ. Ọzọkwa, na oké osimiri na e gara site nnọchiteanya nke cartilage - ụzarị na Akulovo. Ha wee malite ịpụta ndị nna nna whales, sirens, Azụ dolphin.

East-European n'elu ikpo okwu

N'oge Paleogenic ka neogene oge guzobere emi odude ke continental ọnọdụ. Ewezụga bụ ha keokere akụkụ. Ha nwetara nta adapụ na malitere kpuchie na-emighị emi oké osimiri nile. Development nke East European n'elu ikpo okwu na Cenozoic jikọtara mgbanwe Mediterranean mpaghara. Na mbụ, tumadi ẹsụhọde, ndien ekem - na nnukwu inwego. Na ndịda nke Paleogene sagged ikpo okwu, nke bụ n'akụkụ aka Mediterranean belt. Na-emighị emi n'oké osimiri malitere imubanye carbonate-clayey na aja sediments. Site na njedebe nke Paleogene efere malitere ibelata ngwa ngwa, na-esote oge - Neogene - kpụrụ continental ọchịchị.

Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu

Ọ bụ dịtụ iche iche ọnọdụ ka Eastern European. N'oge Cenozoic oge Siberia n'elu ikpo okwu ya e gosiri na ụdị a zuru ezu elu elu nke ebe ahu. M malitere na-etolite a ugwu ugwu usoro nke ugwu-n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ direction. Elu n'agbụ ụba na ntụziaka nke elu nke a na-akpọ Baikalsky uko. Site na njedebe nke AD pụtara ugwu ugwu teren, ụfọdụ ọnụ ọnụ nke iru puku atọ. M. Na axial akụkụ nke usoro kpụrụ nke ogologo ma dị warara Ikuku. Ha gbatịa n'elu a anya nke karịa 1.7 puku. Km si Mongolian ókè-ala na nke etiti N'ezie. Olekma. The kasị ibu ọdọ-atụle ga-ịda mbà n'obi. Baikal - kacha omimi - 1.620 mita.