Ammonium nitrogen na mmiri na ala

Biogenic mmewere nke na-miri aka na biogidrotsenoza Filiks - ammonium nitrogen.

The ebe obibi ọnọdụ

The ọdọ nwere ike na-edebe mgbanwe ọdịnaya nke mmewere: ọ na-aghọ ihe na-erughị na mmiri, ma na okpomọkụ, n'ihi na mma okpomọkụ ọnọdụ, ya ịta na-budata ụba n'ihi na massively amalite irekasị organic bekee.

Na ya n'ụzọ dị ịrịba ama na-emetụta ndị ịdị ọcha ọnọdụ nke mmiri ozu, nke na-amanye aka achịkwa ọganihu nke ndị ilekota. The kacha ime ịta mmiri ozu ebe azu na-atụle otu ebe ammonium nitrogen bụ ihe na-erughị 0,39 milligrams kwa liter.

Na mmiri

Ụyọkọ protein nitrogen ammonification n'anwụ, na usoro a erekasịchaala ka amonia edozi ala. Waste mmiri dị ọcha site a nitrogen iyi, ma ọ bụrụ na ha nwere a isi iyi nke carbon oriri na-edozi mkpụrụ ndụ. Kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ were emee n'oge ha ibu na-adọ, na mgbe ọxịdashọn amalite, amonia nitrogen tọhapụrụ n'ụdị amonia. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-oxidized na nitrites wee nitrati obodo ma ọ bụ re ama abuana ke a ọhụrụ njikọ.

Iji wepu ammonium nitrogen si esite, clinoptilolite na-eji, mgbe ahụ mmiri na-eweghachi ya mma. Na-etinye elu na-ekpo ọkụ oge, na oyi na ha na-dochie anya ion mgbanwe osisi, site na nke na-emerụ bekee na-ewepụ si wastewater. Ejikar assays, samples-e on amonia nitrogen na mmiri, nke na-distilled si sample e, mgbe ahụ, enwetara distillate kpebisiri ike site nọmba ya.

Esi ọcha a ọdọ mmiri

E nwere na ọdịdị nke ion mgbanwe ihe, nke a na-akpọ clinoptilolite (zeolite klas). Na-enyere ya aka, ọ bụ ihe amamihe iji weghachi-adị ọcha nke mmiri. Amonia nitrogen na mmiri na-adịghị kpamkpam etisasịwo, ya mere kwesịrị ibu ụzọ hapụ ya si niile kwụsịtụrụ solids wee imipu mmiri ka klinoptilolitovye nzacha. Nke a bụ a pụtara oké ọnụ ọgwụgwọ, ma ndị kasị dị irè - ruo iri itoolu na asaa percent.

Imu achọ iwebata sodium chloride - a ise ma ọ bụ iri percent. Ibu Ibu mgbe ahụ ị chọrọ na-asa na mmiri. Ọ ga-eguzo si ngwọta amonia, nke nwere ike itinye uche anyị dum na igirigi ibu sulphuric acid na-etolite ammonium sulphate, nke bụ ihe dị mma dị ka a fatịlaịza. Ammonium nitrogen na n'efu mmiri, na nitrogen-nwere organic ogige na-ewepụ site iche iche nke esi, mmịpụta, adsorption.

Ụzọ na-amị fatịlaịza

Nke a na usoro dị mma ma ọ bụrụ na ị chọrọ na-akọwa ammonium nitrogen. Ụdị ndị ọzọ nke na-hụrụ na otu fatịlaịza, - amide, nitrate - na usoro a na-apụghị kpebisie ike. First ọ dị mkpa iji wepu ammonium nitrogen na n'efu mmiri, e.g., ọ na-eju eju. Nke a na usoro a kọwara n'elu. Ọzọ, a sample nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu fatịlaịza ga-enịm ke a karama na-awụfu hydrochloric acid (ezengwenri ịta ga-- 0,05 mol, kwa DM ^3). Karama maa jijiji pụrụ iche ngwa dị mkpa maka dịkarịa ala, ọkara otu awa, mgbe ahụ, ọ bụ omume na-asọ ka iri na ise awa.

The ngwọta e mgbe ọzọ maa jijiji na ẹdụk site a fluted nyo akọrọ. Etinyewe ka hydrochloric acid asacha nyo ọdịnaya dịkarịa ala ugboro atọ, mgbe ahụ, filtrate olu ga-ada ka mbụ acid ngwọta ọzọ. N'ihi ya, apụ, ndị ẹkenịmde mkpebi siri ike nke amonia nitrogen na mmiri, na abuo - ekpebi ego nke ya na ihe dapụtara fatịlaịza. Nke ikpeazụ àmà site iri anọ na otu narị na iri ise milligrams kwa liter, na caprolactam ke otu ngwọta nwere si asatọ na iri asatọ milligrams kwa liter. Ọ bụrụ na ọdịnaya nke amonia nitrogen - erughị iri abụọ milligrams, ahụmahụ ahụ ga-agaghị ekwe omume, na usoro a bụ bụghị ọdabara.

isi mmalite nke mmetọ

Ọtụtụ e ji mara atụmatụ nke ulo oru mkpofu mmiri - ejighị n'aka chemical mejupụtara, chọrọ oge nke mmegharị maka mmepe nke microflora, ngafe organic ogige nke nitrogen ma ịnweta malite. Tupu ndu ọcha na nsị ọgwụgwọ osisi wastewater bụ weere na na ezinụlọ ma si otú nkezi. Amonia nitrogen (usoro NH ₄₊₎ bụ a chọrọ akụrụngwa nke wastewater.

isi mmalite nke mmetọ nwere ike ịbụ n'efu mmiri a dịgasị iche iche nke ọrụ - si nri na ahụ ike ka ígwè, Coke-chemical, microbiological, chemical na Petrochemical. Ọ na-nwere ike na-agụnye ihe niile ezinụlọ n'efu, nsị, ugbo - si n'ubi. Dị ka a n'ihi nke rụrụ arụ protein bekee na urea, nitrati na nitrites na anaerobically weghachiri eweghachi.

Mmetụta na-ahụ

Na ahụ mmadụ ndị a ogige emetụta nnọọ ezighị. Amonia denatures edozi site na itinye ha na mmeghachi omume. Mgbe ahụ ka mkpụrụ ndụ na, mmọdo, na organism anụ ahụ na-akwụsị na-eku ume, e nwere a lesion nke Central ụjọ usoro, imeju, akụkụ okuku ume na, akwusila arịa. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-eji mgbe niile mmiri na a elu ọdịnaya nke ammonium enwe acid-alkaline itule, acidosis amalite.

Ya mere, anyị nwere ike ghara ikwe ka ojiji nke elu karịa otú o kwesịrị na organic fatịlaịza na ala eji, anyị ga-mgbe niile na-alụ ọgụ oké ọdịnaya nke na-emerụ bekee, e.g., ammonium nitrogen na ala nwere nnukwu solubility, ya mere nri na mmiri na-n'ụzọ nkịtị nsí ha, ya ịta mgbe iru-egbu egbu na-etoju. Karịsịa emetụta a ụmụ. Emepe emepe methemoglobinemia, oxygen ọchịchị ke idem mgbari ngwa ngwa, mbụ na-amalite na-ata ahụhụ eriri afọ tract.

dose Limits

Sporadik methaemoglobinaemia ọrịa amalite ugbua na a ọdịnaya nke nitrati na mmiri iri ise milligrams kwa liter, na mgbe ịta esịmde iri itoolu na ise milligrams kwa liter, ọrịa na-ewe a oke. Na United States, France, Netherlands, Germany rụrụ a zuru ezu nnyocha e mere, nke gosiri na ihe karịrị iri ise milligrams nke nitrate kwa liter a hụrụ na iri ise percent nke ikpe. Groundwater na ọma mmiri bụ ọtụtụ ugboro elu karịa ịgba nke ịta nke nitrati - ruo iri na ise na narị milligrams kwa liter, mgbe Òtù Ahụ Ike Ụwa emenịm a ịgba nke iri anọ na ise milligrams. Na mmiri a na ndị mmadụ na-aṅụ!

Na wastewater na-emeso na a ọtụtụ ụzọ - na ndu filtration, na ọxịdashọn nke ozone, na hypochlorites alkaline ụwa ọla, na aeration, na sorption nke eji zeolites na sodium ụdị, na ion mgbanwe resins, na-emeso ya na ike alkalies, na flotation ma belata ammonium metal magnesium, na a ngwọta nke trisodium phosphate na magnesium chloride. Otú ọ dị, ịdị ọcha technology bụ mgbe anya n'azụ mmetọ teknụzụ.

nri

Ke eke mmiri soluble gas (NH ₃₎ amonia, mgbe e nwere Biochemical decomposition nke organic ogige, gụnyere amonia na nitrogen. Mgbe ahụ kpụrụ na-akwakọba ọzọ ogige - na ammonium ion na amonia nitrogen. Etisasịwo amonia abatakwa ọdọ na n'okpuruala ma ọ bụ n'elu runoff, na effluent si ọdịda. Ọ bụrụ na ịta nke ammonium ion (NH ₄₊₎ karịa ndabere uru, ọ pụtara ọdịdị a ọhụrụ na-akpata mmetọ na nso. Ọ nwere ike ịdị ka anụ ụlọ ugbo ma ọ bụ ìgwè nke nri ma nitrogen fatịlaịza unattended hapụrụ dị ka ọbịa ụlọ ọrụ na nsị utilities.

A onyinye nke nitrogen, carbon, site ẹdude ke wastewater abanye ponds, ime ka ịrịba emebi gburugburu ebe obibi nke fọrọ nke nta niile n'ógbè Russia. Wastewater ọgwụgwọ ụbọchị adịwanye mkpa, ebe ọ bụ ịta nke mmetọ, tinyere nitrogen ogige, mgbe mgbe, dị nnọọ na-apụta n'elu. Ọ na-emetụta ọ bụghị nanị na mmiri ọṅụṅụ. Ngwa ngwa akpọkọtara nitrati nta niile na mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri, ha na-ẹdude ke ahihia na ọka, na nke na-eri site na anụ ụlọ.

Ọdịnaya nke mmiri nke NH3 na NH4

Ọdọ mgbe niile ọzọ mgbanwe forms nwere nitrogen: ammonium salts na amonia, albuminoid nitrogen (organic), nitrite (nitrous acid nnu) na nitrate (nitric acid nnu). All a na-kpụrụ ya na nitrogen mineralization usoro, ma na-esiwanye ọnọ na wastewater. Ugbu a ị chọrọ ọcha ponds. Ogige nitrogen abịa ọgwụgwọ ọrụ n'ụdị nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen, amonia nitrogen na nitrogen-metụtara organic ogige. Wastewater ezinụlọ plan nwere a ala ịta nke ndị dị otú ahụ bekee, ọtụtụ n'ime ndị na ọdọ-eziga ụlọ ọrụ.

N'oge ọcha uka ruru nke kasịnụ nke ụdị nile nke nitrogen ogige na-agbanwe mgbe nile. Mejupụtara wastewater aghọ ọzọ ugbua n'oge iga n'ihi na urea dị na ọchịchị na ezinụlọ n'efu mmiri, mmekọrịta na bacteria, gbawara na Nleta ihe ammonium ion. The Ogologo nke siwa network, ndị ọzọ na-usoro ga-aga. Mgbe ụfọdụ, ndị ọdịnaya nke ammonium ion n'ọnụ ụzọ na ihicha ruo iri ise milligrams kwa cubic decimeter, nke bụ nnọọ ukwuu.

organic nitrogen

Bụ nitrogen, nke na-emi esịnede organic bekee - edozi na proteids, polipepsidov (macromolecular ogige), amino asịd, ureas (ala molekụla ogige), amines, amides. All organics, gụnyere na nitrogen, abatakwa n'efu mmiri, mgbe nke ahụ nitrogen ogige na-doro ammoniation. Organic nitrogen na wastewater dị ọtụtụ, mgbe ụfọdụ ruo iri asaa percent nke niile nitrogen ogige. Ma, dị ka a N'ihi ammoniation na ụzọ ndị nsị ọgwụgwọ osisi na-abịa organic nitrogen ọ dịghị ihe karịrị iri na ise percent.

Ọzọkwa e nwere ugbua a mmadụ mere ndu ọgwụgwọ. The akpa ogbo - nitrification, i.e. mgbanwe nke nitrogen ogige n'ihi ụdị ụfọdụ nke microorganisms nke ammonium nitrogen na-oxidized n'ime nitrate ion na nitrite ion. Nitrifying bacteria ike na-atụ egwu - ha mpụga ọnọdụ dị nnọọ mwute na-adị mfe obibi. Ma nitrati ma ọ bụrụ na ọdịda na-esite, na-eduga n'ọnwụ ya, n'ihi na ha bụ ndị magburu onwe ozuzu mgbakwasị maka a dịgasị iche iche nke microflora. Ọ bụ ya mere ilekota nke nitrati dị mkpa ka ha laa.

Nitrites na nitrati

Ọ bụrụ na ndị n'efu mmiri banye site na ala, ndị ammonium nitrogen n'okpuru nduzi nke ụfọdụ bacteria na-mbụ ghọrọ ka nitrite na mgbe ahụ ka nitrate. Njupụta na ọdịnaya nke ụdị dị iche iche na-adabere na ọnọdụ nke na-kwukwara na oge nke nnata nke nitrogen ogige ugbu a na ala, na mgbe ahụ a mmiri.

N'oge Iju Mmiri ịta nke organic forms of ya ukwu ụba n'ihi na organic foduru na-asa n'ebe ala elu, na okpomọkụ na-ebelata nke ukwu, n'ihi na na-"nri" maka a dịgasị iche iche nke aquatic ntule. Nitrites - onye n'etiti ọdịdị nke ammonium ọxịdashọn, ịchọ ịbụ nitrati. Ke eke mmiri, nitrate na-abụkarị bụghị ọtụtụ, ma ọ bụrụ na eme eme flushing fatịlaịza si n'ubi.