Aquifer. Omimi nke aquifer

Aquifer ma ọ bụ mmiri - a ole na ole n'ígwé nke oké nkume na-enwe elu permeability. Ha pores, cracks ma ọ bụ ndị ọzọ voids na-jupụta na ala.

General echiche

Ọtụtụ dọta pụrụ etolite aquifer usoro, ma ọ bụrụ na ha na-interconnected hydraulically. Eji maka mmiri na oke ohia, mmiri nke oké ọhịa nurseries na aku na uba na-arụ ọrụ. Mgbe ị wepuÚ na n'elu ha, ha nwere ike ịbụ isi iyi nke waterlogging ókèala. Nke a nwere ike na-eme ka e guzobere ala na ndị mepere bogs.

permeability

The aquifer e ji permeability nke nkume. Water permeability na-adabere na size na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ibe cracks, pores, nakwa dị ka ota pellets nkume. Omimi nke aquifer nwere ike iche iche si 4.2 m ( "n'elu ugwu") na ruo 30-50 m (artesian mmiri).

Iji ọma permeable nkume bụ:

• gravel;
• pebbles;
• Ntụ ájá;
• oké gbajiri na karst nkume.

mmiri ije

Ihe mere maka ije nke mmiri na pores ike dị iche iche:

• ike nke ike ndọda;
• haịdrọlik isi;
• capillary agha;
• capillary-osmotic agha;
• adsorption ike;
• okpomọkụ grajentị.

Dabere na geological Ọdịdị nke ahụ aquifer nkume nwere ike ịbụ isotropic na ikwu na filtration, ie. E. permeability ọ bụla direction nke otu. Rocks nwere ike ịbụ anisotropic, nke ikpe na ha na-ji a edo mgbanwe ke permeability niile ntụziaka.

Omimi nke dọta na Moscow region

N'oge na ókèala ndị Moscow n'ógbè ala mmiri table omimi dịgasị, otú n'ihi na mma nke ya kewara hydrological mpaghara. E nwere ọtụtụ mmiri na-amị ebe:

• Southern mpaghara. The mmiri larịị nwere ike ịbụ na nso 10-70 m. The omimi nke olulu mmiri na mpaghara ebe a na-àmà site 40 m na 120 m.
• South-n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ na mpaghara. mmiri mmiri bụ dị iche iche nweela. The nkezi omimi nke olulu bụ 50 m.
• Central District. Ọ bụ kasị ebe nke square. Ọ, n'aka nke ya, na-ekewa Large na Obere. The nkezi ọkpụrụkpụ nke mmiri bụ 30 m. Mmiri ebe a carbonate, carbonate-sulphate.
• Eastern mpaghara. Omimi nke aquifer na mpaghara ebe a bụ 20-50 mita. Mmiri, ihu ọma, ike mineralized, otú ahụ mmiri unusable.
• Klin-Dmitrov district. Ọ mejupụtara abụọ elu carbonate mmiri: Gzhel na Kasimovsky.
• Volga District. The nkezi omimi nke aquifer bụ 25 mita.

Nke a bụ a n'ozuzu nkọwa nke ebe. A zuru ezu na-amụ dọta, emeso ntecha mmiri oyi akwa, ike ya, ihe ndị na-eruba ọnụego, na ịkpali njupụta na dị ka. D.

Ọ bụ uru na-arịba ama na hydrogeology nke Moscow Region allocates otu aquifer usoro, nke na-ekewa n'ime ọtụtụ horizons nke Paleozoic coal ego:

• Podolsko myachkovskogo n'etiti carbon oyi akwa;
• Serpukhovskoy aquifer na Oka ala carbon formations;
• Kashirsky aquifer sekọndrị carbon;
• Kasimovsky elu carbon oyi akwa;
• Gzhel elu aquifer carbon.

Ụfọdụ dọta ndị dị ala mmiri saturation na elu ịnweta ọdịnaya, ya mere ha na-adabara ụmụ mmadụ na-eme.

Aquifer Serpukhovskoy Oka ma na ala carbon formations nwere a kacha ike ikwu na ndị ọzọ aquifer - 60-70 mita.

Moscow-Podolsky aquifer nwere ike iru a kacha nke 45 mita ke omimi, ya nkezi ike bụ hà 25 mita.

Olee otú iji chọpụta omimi nke aquifer

Sandy aquifer - .. Name adabere na ya, ie na mmiri nwere ike iso ndị gravel, ájá weere na gravel. Nwere dị iche iche ike ájá dọta, ha omimi nakwa ịdị iche iche.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-atụle hydrogeology nke Moscow region na n'akụkụ ebe, anyị nwere ike ikwu hoo haa na mmiri nwere ike dị n'okpuru ala na a omimi nke 3-5 mita, dabere na ikwu elu nke na-amụ ebe. Omimi nke aquifer bụkwa dabere na hydrological atụmatụ nke dị nso: osimiri, ọdọ, mmiri na-adọ.

Dịkarịrị nso na n'elu oyi akwa na-ezo dị ka "n'elu ugwu". Ya mmiri were adịghị atụ aro na nri, t. K. The ike nke a oyi akwa bụ n'ihi na oké mmiri ozuzo, snow agbaze, na na. G., Ya mere, ebe a nwere ike mfe na-emerụ adịghị. Ọtụtụ mgbe, Otú ọ dị, mmiri "n'elu ugwu" na-eji na ezinụlọ ya, na-akpọ ya ọbụna "usoro mmiri".

Good ẹdụk mmiri bụ na a omimi nke 8-10 mita. Na a omimi nke 30 mita na-emi odude na-akpọ "ịnweta mmiri", n'ihi na mmepụta nke nke boreholes na-wuru.

Iji chọpụta ọnụnọ na omimi nke elu aquifer bụ dịtụ mfe. E nwere ọtụtụ na-ewu ewu ụzọ: site a mkpanaka ma ọ bụ a metal etiti, iji ite ájá, a usoro nke na-edebe ihe osisi na-eto eto na ókèala.