Architects of St. Petersburg - onye ha?

World-ama omenala isi obodo Russia - Saint Petersburg - captivates bụghị nanị bi, kamakwa ọtụtụ puku ndị nleta na-chọrọ ileta obodo àkwà mmiri, na White ehihie na abalị. Gịnị bụ otú mara mma St. Petersburg na onye mere ya n'ụzọ anyị si mara ya ugbu a?

Malite nke ewu nke St. Petersburg

Nchoputa nke obodo ahụ a akwa Rọbọt na Tsar Peter I. masịrị na ije na mmepe nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ mba ọ gara, Peter m kpebiri-ewu a obodo na Russia, bụ abụghị usụhọde mma na ịgba nke European n'isi obodo. N'ihi ya malitere iwu St. Petersburg.

The eze abughi a fanatical supporter nke dum dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ma ọ bụ ike wepụ ihe ndị kasị mkpa nke ihe ị na-ahụ na imeghari ya Russian ọnọdụ. Architects of St. Petersburg, nke o goro si mba ọzọ, e maara nke ọma nke nna ukwu nke a craft na mba Europe.

N'etiti ha, Jean-Baptiste Leblond si France na Domenico Trezzini si Italy. Ọrụ ha bụ naanị na imewe nke ụlọ ke dị na ndị na-amasị na-egbo mkpa nke ndị bi na obodo, ma na-na ọzụzụ nke architects Alaeze Ukwu nke a siri ike art. Iji gbaa mba ọzọ Peter m ugwo ha a ukwuu ụgwọ ọrụ karịrị ndị Russian nwe.

Architects of St. Petersburg

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ architects na St. Petersburg na oge site na 1703 ka 1716 bụ Domenico Trezzini - nnọchiteanya nke n'oge Baroque. N'etiti ndị ya oru ngo - na-ewu nke Kronshlot (ogbunigwe nkera maka nchebe megide Swedes); mbụ general plan obodo ahụ; development plan of Vasilyevsky Island; ezube maka owuwu nke Katidral nke Pita na Pọl Ebe e wusiri ike, ndị Summer Obí, ụlọ nke iri na abụọ Colleges. The ịke nke-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ gbanwere n'okpuru nduzi nke gburugburu eziokwu. The mbụ oru ngo (karịsịa, mgbịrịgba elu nke Katidral nke SS Pita na Pọl) embody tara Scandinavian style na ije. Otú ọ dị, n'okpuru nduzi nke omenala na style of Russian nke nna ukwu nke ụkpụrụ ụlọ forms Trezzini were a softer udi.

Doro otu mmetụta na ndị ọzọ na architects of St. Petersburg: akpan akpan Russian mmụọ na ụzọ ndụ nke ndị dị iche iche nke Russian Alaeze Ukwu ka ịrịba mgbanwe okike usoro na aesthetic echiche nke architects.

Ọ dịghị obere mkpa onyinye mepere emepe mmepe mere Johann Georg Mattarnovi, German-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, bịara St. Petersburg na 1714. O duuru ndị na-ewu nke ọtụtụ ụlọ - nke abụọ nke Winter Obí, ụlọ nke Kunstkamera, St. Isaac Katidral. Ma mgbe ya ọnwụ mberede na 1719 malitere mezue-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Nikolaus Gerbel.

Ọzọ pụrụ iche-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ, na-arụ ọrụ na n'ebe ugwu isi obodo - France Jean-Baptiste Leblond. Ọ bụ akwụkwọ nke mbụ general plan nke obodo. Ke adianade do,-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ kere a ukwuu nke na Summer Garden, nakwa dị ka ogige ntụrụndụ na ogige na Strelna na Peterhof (akpan akpan, o wuru na hermitage, Monplaisir, eze ulo nile na pavilions Marley).

Otu n'ime ihe mbụ nnukwu oru ghọrọ Menshikov Obí, onye na-ewu ahụ malitere na 1710 na mmepe nke Giovanni Maria Fontana, na e dechara na 1720 ama Johann Schedel. The wuo ụlọ ahụ kpọmkwem maka Pita nke eze - Prince Alexander Menshikov.

The architects onye wuru St. Petersburg, na-arụ ọrụ ruo ọtụtụ ọgbọ. Ya mere, na 1716 na obodo ya na ezinụlọ ya na-enyere ya aka rutere Bartolomeo Karlo Rastrelli, kwubiri a afọ atọ nkwekọrịta na eze. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ na-arụ ihe e kere eke nke a dum ìgwè nke tụrụ maka Grand Cascade na Peterhof; M kere ihe equestrian ncheta Peter m (enịm ke n'ihu nke Mikhailovsky Obí), nakwa dị ka ọtụtụ osise nke eze na "wax ọgụgụ".

Ndi-isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke St. Petersburg

Nwa Bartholomew Sr. - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli - bịara obodo na nna ya na afọ nke 15 afọ. Education, o nwere dị otú ahụ pụtara ìhè architects ka Domenico Trezzini, N. Michetti, M. Zemtsov na A. Shlyutter. Rastrelli Jr.-arụ ọrụ na St. Petersburg, banyere afọ iri ise, na-eke ihe a oge ụwa na-ama ụlọ: The Catherine Obí na Tsarskoye Selo Count Stroganov ụlọ na Vorontsov, Grand Peterhof Obí. The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí na St. Petersburg - ya mere a na-akpọ Bartolomeo Rastrelli, gụnyere a mgbagwoju ya nile nkà. Construction kere si 1754 na 1762. N'elu ya ẹkụre, n'obí bụ isi obibi nke alaeze ukwu oyi. The ụlọ bụ na Baroque style. Ọ bụ ihe ikpeazụ nnukwu ụlọ, dunyere style nke ndị nka onye na-arụ ọrụ a.

Ọ mere na n'ihi na nkera nke abụọ nke XVIII narị afọ e ji mgbanwe mberede na aku na uba na mmekọahụ na-amasị ọha mmadụ, nke mere ka ngwa ikpochapu nke Baroque pop.

The-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke Winter Obí na St. Petersburg enwetela a n'ezie ọdachi n'ihi na nke nkọ ọnwụ nke mmasị na ụkpụrụ ụlọ style nke ndụ ya nyere ụzọ classicism. Ọ bụ obere ka ọkà ọbọhọ oge nke eruba, nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ. Rastrelli n'ihi na ọ bụ a ezigbo ihe otiti.

Mmetụta mba ọzọ ije Russian

Akpa ọkara nke XVIII narị afọ ghọrọ a dị ịrịba ama na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Russian ije. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndị a ma ama architects of St. Petersburg ndị mba ọzọ, ha n'ụzọ dị ukwuu kpebisiri ike mmepe nke ije na Russian Alaeze Ukwu, na-enye ya ụfọdụ Western Etu. N'otu oge nwe onwe ha n'okpuru nduzi nke gburugburu ebe obibi, na omenala na omenala nke ndị Russia na ụwa ya gbanwere style nke ọrụ ha, ịmụta ihe ndị na-amasị na mmasị nke ndị ahịa.