Arnold Schoenberg: biography na-arụ ọrụ ruo nwa oge, photos

Arnold Schoenberg, ihe nkowa nke nwere ike kọwara dị ọhụrụ, biri ihe na-akpali na kemmeeme ndụ. Ọ banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ụwa music ka a revolutionary bụ onye meworo ka mgbanwe ke mejupụtara, kere ya akwụkwọ nke music, ekpe ihe na-akpali nketa na a dum galaxy nke na-eso ụzọ. Arnold Schoenberg - otu nke kasị ukwuu arọ nke narị afọ nke 20.

Nwata na Family

September 13, 1874 na Vienna, a mụrụ Arnold Schoenberg, onye biography agaghị adị mfe, ma ọ na-mgbe metụtara music. Schoenberg ezinụlọ bi a Jewish Ghetto. Nna - Samuel Schoenberg - mụrụ na Pressburg, m nwere a obere ụlọ ahịa akpụkpọ ụkwụ. Nne - Pauline Nachod - a nwaafo nke Prague, bụ onye nkụzi nke piano. Arnold bụ a nkịtị na nwata, na e nweghị ihe ịrịba ama nke ukwu ya ga-eme n'ọdịnihu.

Ịchọta vocations

Site na nwata nne ya malite ịkụziri music nke Arnold, o nyere olileanya. Ma iji nọgide na ha agụmakwụkwọ na adịghị ndị ezinụlọ. Ọ mụtara na sayensị nke onwe-mejupụtara. A ole na ole ihe na counterpoint nye ya na-iwu, na ama nwe obodo Ọstrịa dere na-eduzi, n'ihi na onye Sister Shenberga Matilda ndọ - Alexander von Zemlinsky. Egwú bụ nnọọ ezigbo enyi, ndụ nọgidere kpọrọ mgbe na aka onye ọ bụla ọzọ Atụmatụ na nkà nke na-arụ ụka. Ọ na-ike na-atụ aro Zemlinsky otu ghọọ a ọkachamara dere music. N'ọdịnihu dere Arnold Schoenberg dị ka a na-eto eto maara nnọọ ya òkù, na-asị na nsogbu ndị na-na ihu ọma ya, nyere ya nile mapụtara oge ka music.

Malite nke ọkachamara ọrụ

Ezinụlọ bi a bara ọgaranya ndụ, na mgbe nna ya nwụrụ, mgbe Arnold dị afọ 15, ọ ghọrọ nnọọ ike. The eto eto onye nwere na-na bụla ọrụ. Arnold Schoenberg arụ ọrụ dị ka a akụ ukochukwu, peddler ịzụrụ mere ndị ọrụ na-ekwe ukwe, dere, sị orchestrations maka operettas. Ma ọ hapụghị ya ọmụmụ music ya mapụtara oge o dere na ọrụ ya. Ugbua na 1898 na Vienna na nke mbụ ga-eme ọrụ site Schoenberg si idaha. Na 1901, ọ gara Berlin, ebe ọ na-eme music ihe n'ụlọ akwụkwọ egwú Stern ọbụna o na-eduga ná ndị mejupụtara N'ezie.

N'oge a ọ ghọọ ndị maara Gustavom Malerom, nke a dị ịrịba ama mmetụta na nghọta nke ụwa nke Schoenberg. Na 1903 ọ laghachiri Vienna na malitere ịrụ ọrụ music akwụkwọ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-arụcha dee music na oge a, ọ na-akwagide na omenala nke German ụlọ akwụkwọ nke arọ nke oge narị afọ nke 19. The kasị dị ịrịba ama na-arụ ọrụ a na-adọ na-: eriri sextet "nwogha Night" uri "Pelleas et Melisande" (1902-1903 gg.), The cantata "Songs Gurria" (1900-1911 gg.). Arnold Schoenberg dị iche a oké ike n'ihi na-arụ ọrụ, na mmalite nke ụzọ, ọ na-akụziri na n'otu oge ahụ, o dere, na music, nyere concerts.

Biography na music

Na Schoenberg onye dere rụrụ atọ: ụda (site na 1898 ka 1908), atonal (1909-1922 gg.) Ndien dodecaphony (ebe 1923). Evolution musician jikọrọ ya search maka a ọhụrụ ụzọ na a ọhụrụ okwu. Ya akara aka na-jikọrọ mbụ na expressionism, site na nke o mesịrị na-eme ka ya revolutionary nchoputa. Mbemiso 1907, Schoenberg na-akpụ akpụ na akara na omenala oge gboo music. Ma nke afọ a, e nwere a buu mgbanwe ya nkà ụwa, ọ na-eche na a ọtụtụ ihe banyere music, dere, sị a usoro iwu ọrụ. E nwere a sikwuoro nke ya musical asụsụ, mụbara agụụ maka dissonance, ma ka nwee omenala kwekọrọ.

Na na 1909, ọ na-amalite a ọhụrụ gburugburu nke ndụ ya. Na 1911, Arnold Schoenberg, onye biography bụ inweta ọkụ na ụwa nke music, na-aga azụ Berlin, ebe maka 4 afọ agaa leta ka a na-eduzi ya. Site na nke a mgbe o na-ama a maara nke ọma musician na Europe. Na 1915, onye dere afọ abụọ debara aha ndị agha. Oge a e ji atonal ụda ịjụ ọrụ center Schoenberg 12 agbalị dokwara ide ụda chromatic n'ike. Na 1923 ọ natara aha nke prọfesọ nke music na ọkpụkpọ òkù na-arụ ọrụ na Berlin School of Music. Na-abịa ike nke ndị Nazi na 1933, Schoenberg asuan si akụzi ịkụ, o, na-atụ egwu n'ihu mkpagbu, dị ka onye nnọchiteanya nke mba ndị Juu, ka iga njem. Mbụ ọ gara France, na mgbe e mesịrị na United States.

Oge nke atọ nke onye dere akara ya isi nchoputa. Ọ na-amalite adaba na ò nzukọ nke musical series, na ikwọ na-wuru nke iri na abụọ-aj u na-adịghị ugboro ugboro na otu n'usoro. N'ihi ya, e a dodecaphonic music. Na Shengberga na-arụ ọrụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu na-egosi na oge, jupụtara mgbanwe, nakwa dị ka ya nke onye obi ahụmahụ.

Ozizi nke music

Onye dere mgbe gbalịrị ịchịkwa ụdị na n'aka okwu nke ya music, na-abịa na-akasị n'echeghị. Ya mere, ya nile ịrịba ahụmahụ na reflections adade na isi na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ. Na 1911, Arnold Schoenberg dere ya mbụ isi n'ọnụ ọrụ "Ozizi kwekọrọ." Ugbua na ya, ọ depụtara echiche ya banyere tonal kwekọrọ, nke bụ ihe kasị mkpa maka ya ná ndụ ya niile. Akwụkwọ a aghọwo naanị aruzu ọrụ nke andiwet. Mgbe e mechara, ọ na-ewe na-ede ọtụtụ ọrụ n'otu oge, mgbe niile na-agbaziri na appends ha, mgbe ọ dị ndụ, ha na-adịghị bipụtara.

Naanị na 1994 arụ ọrụ na ìhè, jikọtara n'ime otu olu - "Mmekọrịta, counterpoint, orchestration, ozizi nke odidi." Ndị a reflections na musical uche na-eche echiche banyere orchestration nke preparatory omume na counterpoint na-adịghị agwụ agwụ site na-ede akwụkwọ nke ndị mejupụtara, ma na-egosi na nduzi nke di ya nnyocha. "Fundamentals nke Musical mejupụtara" e bipụtara ná ngwụsị narị afọ nke 20 nke nna ụmụ akwụkwọ. Arnold Schoenberg mere a ịrịba onyinye ozizi music, ọ bụ ike ịhụ na evolushọn nke musical echiche na-atụ anya ya mmepe na afọ n'ihu. N'ihe odide ya, Schoenberg egosipụta na ike n'ezi ihe nke ngwaahịa, mmepe nke a musical echiche na-abịa echiche monotonalnosti.

Educational ọrụ

Dere na ndụ aku ozizi - mbụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, mgbe ahụ egwú na Berlin. N'ala ọzọ, ọ rụsiri ọrụ na Boston University, Southern California, Los Angeles, na-akụziri music ozizi na mejupụtara. Arnold Schoenberg kere a dum ụlọ akwụkwọ nke-arọ, nke aha ya bụ "nke abụọ Viennese School". A zụlitere ya site ụmụ akwụkwọ na mmụọ nke na-ejere ndị music, ọ nye ndụmọdụ ha ka ha nditịm na-eso ihe nlereanya ya, na-achọ naanị ha onwe ha ụzọ na art. Ya kacha mma na ụmụ akwụkwọ na-ewere A. Berg na Anton Webern, onye na njedebe kwesịrị ntụkwasị obi ka echiche ya na ụba onwe ha-arọ ha kwesịrị nkụzi. Schoenberg ada niile musical na-achị, na-akpan akpan mesiri ike na polyphony, nke a na-ewere na ndabere nke kacha mma. Na-eso ụzọ ya dere wee na-anya na-emekọ na mgbe a tọhapụsịrị ha, na ọ bụ ha unquestioned ikike. Nke a bụ ihe kwere ya na-etolite a galaxy nke dị ka kpọrọ mmadụ.

Dodecaphony Arnolda Shenberga

Arnold Schoenberg, a obere biography nke nwere ike kọwara na otu okwu "dodecaphony", ghọrọ ideologue na agbasa echiche maka a ọhụrụ ntụziaka na music. Na ya search n'ihi na ọtụtụ echekwa musical ide onye dere na-abịa echiche nke 12-ụda mejupụtara usoro. Nke a chọpụtara na-eme ka onye dere re-amụta ide music, ọ bụ a otutu na na ụdị, na-achọ ohere ọhụrụ n'ihi na ha zvukochastotnogo usoro.

Fundamentals nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ na ọ na-anwale na piano iberibe, nke na-ekwu a otutu. Mgbe e mechara, ọ na-aga ka ihe e kere eke nke isi ọrụ (oke ime, quartets, orchestras) ọhụrụ style. Ya nchoputa radically mmetụta mmepe nke music na narị afọ nke 20. Ya echiche, nke ọ na-n'ụzọ zuru ezu mepụtara, na-ekemende na-eso ụzọ, mepụtara, zuo okè, mgbe ụfọdụ, na ike ọgwụgwụ. Ya onyinye music pụtara ìhè ná mgbalị streamline na musical ụdị.

isi ọrụ

Arnold Schoenberg ekpe a nnukwu musical ketara. Ma ya ọrụ kasị mkpa bụ na-ahụkarị uko opera "Mozis na Erọn," echiche na pụtara na 20s nke narị afọ nke 20 na gụnyere dum evolushọn na search maka andiwet. Na Schoenberg opera dunyere ya nile na nkà ihe ọmụma echiche, ya dum na mkpụrụ obi. Ọ dịkwa mkpa ka onye dere ọrụ na-agụnye: "Chamber Symphony", Op. 9, opera "kechioma Hand", 5 Piano iberibe, Op. 23, "Ode ka Napoleon".

Personal ndụ

Arnold Schoenberg, onye photos nwere ike hụrụ taa na niile Akwụkwọ na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke music, biri ndụ a-arụsi ọrụ ike ndụ. Ke adianade music, ọ bụ ọrụ n'aka sere, ya ọrụ e gosipụtawo na isi veranda na Europe. Ọ bụ enyi Kokoschka, Kandinsky, bụ onye òtù nke Prussian Academy nke Arts. N'oge ndụ ya, o dere banyere 300 ọrụ.

Arnold Schoenberg di na nwunye ruo oge mbụ nnọọ n'oge, n'ihi na ọ na 1898 ghọrọ a Protestant. Nwunye ghọgburu na ya, je-ya n'anya, ma mgbe ahụ, laghachi na ezinụlọ, na enyi ya nwoke gburu onwe ya. Nwunye ya Matilda nwụrụ na 1923, ọ bịara oge ọgba aghara nke onye dere na ndụ onwe onye. A afọ mgbe e mesịrị, ọ lụrụ bụ nwanne onye ahụ violin na-eji obi ụtọ ya biri n'ihi na ike nke ndụ. Na 1933, o kpebiri ịlaghachi n'okpukpe ndị Juu, na-aga ihe kwesịrị ekwesị rite na Paris synagogue.

Na-atụ egwu Arnolda Shenberga

Dere ukwuu nwere ọgụgụ isi, ná mgbakọ na mwepụ na nkà, ma na-enweghị isi na ọdụ ụkpụrụ bụ ọbịa ya. ndụ ya nile na-achụ iju egwu na nchegbu. Gịnị bụ nnọọ egwu dere Arnold Schoenberg? O nwere a obere phobia - o suke na n'anya 13. A mụrụ ya na nke a ọtụtụ, a ndụ na-ezere ụlọ na hotel ụlọ n'okpuru a ọnụ ọgụgụ. Ya mere, ihe egwu Arnold Schoenberg emecha? The nọmba? Ọ dịghị, N'ezie ọ tua egwu nke ọnwụ. Ọ bụ ijide n'aka na ọ ga-anwụ na nke 13 nke na ọnụ ọgụgụ 76 - amounting 13 - ga-eme ka ya ọnwụ. All afọ ya na-abịa 76th ụbọchị ọmụmụ, o biri n'elu, ruo mgbe otu ụbọchị gara bed n'ezie na ọnwụ ga-abịa maka ya taa. Ọ ji ụbọchị taa na bed, na-eche ka oge awa ikpeazụ. Site n'uhuruchi, nwunye jitelighị amanye ya ka ọ kwụsị ime nzuzu ihe na-esi na akwa. Ma na 13 nkeji tupu n'etiti abalị, ọ sịrị na okwu bụ "kwekọrọ" na-ekpe ụwa a. Ya mere, July 13, 1951 ụwa furu efu a oké andiwet.