Hydrogen - mfe mmewere

Hydrogen - a chemical mmewere, ndị kacha na ihe owuwu ma na ihe ndị kasị ke uwa. Dị ka ụfọdụ ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị data, na òkè nke a ihe akụkọ ihe karịrị pasenti iri iteghete niile atọm. Ihe kacha mkpa compound na nke hydrogen bụ ugbu a, - a mmiri. Ya chemical usoro e dere dị ka: H2O. The hydrogen atọm bụ otu proton ntọala na-anọchi anya, na otu onye elektrọn. Ọ bụ naanị mmewere na bụ a combustible gas.

Dị ka bụ a hydrogen atọm na oge table?

Nke a na mmewere na-emi odude ke n'elu ìgwè nke mbụ. Nke a na-eme n'ihi na hydrogen atọm adịkwa ya elektrọn, akpụ a mma ion na otu ego. Otú ọ dị, hydrogen nwere ike nweta ihe dara Njirimara n'okpuru ụfọdụ ọnọdụ. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ, ọ na-ewe naanị Njirimara pụta ụwa na-abụghị ọla. Nwụrụ nwere ịrịba iche site na ike nke ndị ọcha nke ìgwè nke mbụ.

Olee na-emepụta hydrogen na a laabu?

Nwụrụ pụrụ inweta site n'oru nke asịd na ọla nekontsentrirorvannyh: Zn (zinc siri ike) + 2HCl (okenye hydrochloric acid ngwọta) = ZnCl2 (okenye ihe ngwọta nke zinc oxide) + H2 (gas)

Production nke hydrogen site hydrolysis: 2H3O- + 2e- = H2 (gas) + 2H2O (mmiri).

Production nke hydrogen bụ ekwe omume site n'oru nke alkali na aluminum ma ọ bụ zinc. Ndị a ọla nwere ike na-eme na okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke potassium hydroxide ma ọ bụ sodium hydroxide. Nke a na-arụpụta hydrogen:
Zn (zinc) + 2OH- + 2H2O = (Zn (OH) 4) 2- (tetragidroksotsinkat ion)) + H2 (gas)
Al (aluminum) + 2OH- + 6H2O = (Al (OH) 4) - (tetragidroksoalyuminat ion) + H2 (gas).

Ọzọkwa ifịk chemical mmewere nwere ike enwetara site hydrolysis nke okenye agbanwe agbanwe nke: CaH2 (calcium hydride) + 2H2O (mmiri) = Ca (OH) 2 (calcium hydroxide) + 2H2 (hydrogen).

hydrogen isotopes

E nwere atọ isotopic forms nke chemical mmewere: Mba, deuterium na tritium. Na eke na hydrogen nwere banyere 99% tụnyere, ndị ọzọ dara na pasent òkè nke deuterium. The atọ bụ a redioaktivu isotope bụ ejighị n'aka isotope. N'ihi nke a, na ọdịdị ya na-hụrụ naanị na Chọpụta ichekwa. Tritium ewepụtarịrị redioaktivu ahụ, na ya ọkara ndụ bụ 12,3 afọ.

Isotopic forms of hydrogen nwere fọrọ nke nta yiri chemical Njirimara, ma na ha dị iche na budata nkịtị. N'ihi na onye ọ bụla e nwere hydrogen bonding deuterium analọg. The kasị mkpa nke ha - bụ deuterium oxide (ma ọ bụ ịṅụ oké mmiri). Nke a na umi-eji na nuclear ngwa agha. Anata ya site na electrolysis mmiri.

Chemical Njirimara nke hydrogen

E lee ya anya chemical kọntaktị mmewere nwere ike naghachi nonmetals nke ìgwè dị iche iche 4-7, oxides na organic unsaturated compound na oxidize ọla, si otú na-akpụ a hydride.

ogige hydrogen

Nke a ionic na covalent mgbagwoju hydrides na hydrides dị ka intercalation ogige.

hydrogen

- Bora usoro;

- si eke gas ma ọ bụ naphtha (naphtha);

- site cracking na ịgbazigharị nke hydrocarbons;

- site electrolysis nke brine (i.e., okenye sodium chloride ngwọta).

A hydrogen atọm na kwantum arụzi

Hydrogen atọm dị mkpa na kwantum-arụzi ụgbọala, n'ihi na o nwere ihe analytic ndika ma ọ bụ kpọmkwem uru maka anụ ahụ abụọ nwere nsogbu. Ndị a ngwọta ike ga-eji maka dị iche iche isotopes nke hydrogen, ma na ihe kwesịrị ekwesị mgbazi. A hydrogen atọm na kwantum arụzi a kọwara nke ife ọrụ nke abụọ-urughuru. Ọzọkwa, ọ na-atụle ka ọ ghara iso na ngagharị nke ihe elektrọn na ihe electrostatic ubi nke nuclear arọ ntọala.

Hydrogen atọm Bohr

Na 1913, Bor Nils chọrọ ya nlereanya nke hydrogen atọm. Ọ nwere ọtụtụ simplifications na echiche. N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ihe nlereanya bụ nnọọ eziokwu, Bohr ewepụtara na ya na emission ụdịdị dị iche iche ziri ezi ụkpụrụ nke ike na ọkwa nke atọm.