Astrakhan, Uspensky Katidral. Ụlọ nsọ nke Astrakhan Kremlin

Nke a oge ochie Russian obodo mara ụwa bụghị naanị a ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme, ebe ndị mara mma na a mepụtara ụlọ ọrụ, ma n'ihi na ya njem nleta na-adọrọ mmasị. Astrakhan, ịgha ụgha na bịara n'ikperé mmiri nke Volga, ọgaranya na omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ, na nke anyị bụ ndị maara.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

The mgbọrọgwụ nke Astrakhan aga azụ ọtụtụ narị afọ. E kwuru banyere ebe taa bụ obodo ụbọchị azụ nke iri na atọ na narị afọ. The ukara ụbọchị ọmụmụ bụ 1558, mgbe ndị na-ewu nke osisi Kremlin, na n'aka ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Volga. Ọ bụ mgbe ahụ, mgbe n'isonyere Russian Alaeze Ukwu, a ọhụrụ na peeji nke na ihe ndị mere Astrakhan Khanate. Otú ọ dị, ya ukara ọnọdụ nke obodo natara e mesịrị - na mmalite nke iri na asatọ na narị afọ, n'okpuru Peter I.

Ma na nke a n'isiokwu na n'etiti akụkọ ihe mere eme e nwere ndị ọzọ echiche. Astrakhan ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na ethnographer Vladimir Gusev ekwere na Astrakhan ama 1385 afọ. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kwenyere na ọdịdị nke obodo ike ikwu na ụfọdụ kpọmkwem afọ n'ihi na ọ bụ a ogologo usoro nke a na-egosipụta na ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, akụ na ụba na omenala development.

Ụfọdụ ndị ọkọ akụkọ ịgagharị akụkọ ifo nkọwa nke ebe ndị a na-achọkarị nsụgharị nke ala Astrakhan bụ nnọọ agadi - ọ bụ banyere puku mmadụ iri asaa afọ!

Malite aha

Ugbu a, e nwekwara dịghị doro nnọọ anya na nsụgharị banyere malite aha nke obodo. E nwere ọtụtụ akụkọ na-emeghị. The mbụ jikọọ na ebo Aesir, ndi bi n'ala ndị a. Bold dike maka ha omeka agu na nsọpụrụ, na-egosipụta na agha, wee si Khan akwụkwọ na tọhapụrụ ha site ọrụ na ihu ọma nke Tarhan ike. Na nsọpụrụ nke a nnukwu ihe ahụ merenụ aces akpọ obodo nke Dị ka-Tarkhan.

E nwekwara otu uche, dabeere na e dere isi mmalite. N'ịkọwa njem ya Arab amaala Ibn Battuta na-agwa anyị na obodo aha ya bụ mgbe otu n'ime ndị nsọ nsọ pilgrim. Turkish Hajj, onye họọrọ ebe a dozie, nwetara ya ihe award si Sultan nke oru-free, ma ọ bụ, dị ka ha kwuru mgbe ahụ, onye ọchịchị mere pilgrim Tarkhan. N'ihi ya, wee aha Xacitarxan. Dị ka ọ na-amalite, mmezi-eto n'ime a obodo, na ahụ wee na-na obodo.

Na nkwado nke a aha kwuru na njem Athanasius Nikitin. Ọ bụ na ebe ndị a na n'etiti iri na ise na narị afọ na ẹkedọhọ Astrakhan - a Russian version, nke dabeere Xacitarxan.

Astrakhan ọkọ akụkọ ihe mere na ethnographer Vladimir Gusev ekwere na aha mbụ nke obodo ahụ Aztargan, na ahụ e liri ya banyere 625, na Western Turkic Kagan Ozbulanom.

oge a ndụ

Astrakhan taa bụ a nnukwu ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na eweta, nke bụ putara ighe mkpa n'ihi na ala, n'ihi na ọ na-emejuputa atumatu site imekọ ihe ọnụ na a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Littoral mba. Nke a bụ otu n'ime nnukwu ulo oru emmepe, nke nwere uru dị ka mepụtara iga netwọk na a mma akụ na ụba na ala ọnọdụ. Astrakhan region, ya na okporo ụzọ gụnyere ke uwa njem usoro na-ejikọ n'etiti a ugwu na n'ebe ndịda.

Astrakhan bụ ọgaranya eke ego na-ekwe ka ndị obodo ịzụlite dị iche iche alaka nke aku na uba. Ebe a na ọ na-etokwa eto, ịkụ azụ. Ọma mepụtara ìhè na nri ọrụ.

Ma ndị kasị dị ịrịba ama na omenala na akụkọ ihe mere eme akụrụngwa. E nwere ọtụtụ ngosi ihe mgbe ochie na ụka. Karịsịa anya ebube n'etiti ndị niile dị n'ụlọ arụsị nke akụkọ ihe mere eme obodo ndị dị ka Astrakhan, Uspensky Katidral. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị isi ihu arụsị nke ógbè.

nkiri Astrakhan

Nyere ogologo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke a Russian obodo, ị pụrụ iche n'echiche otú ọtụtụ na-akpali ihe e nwere na ya. Ihe e efu, ma dabara nke ọma, a ọtụtụ nọgidere ruo ugbu a.

Otu n'ime ndị kasị ama nlegharị anya n'ụwa nile bụ Astrakhan Kremlin, nke nwere ike-atụle Central ncheta nke obodo. Nke a pụrụ iche na ya akụkọ bara uru na ịma mma nke ncheta nke ije kere karịrị afọ iri anọ - si 1580 na afọ 1620. Ọ bụ nnọọ ezigbo onye agha engineering amamihe nke narị afọ, nakwa dị ka a ụdị ihe e ji mara obodo ahụ. Emi odude ke ugwu kasị elu, ọ bụ anya site n'ebe nile.

The Kremlin agụnye ọtụtụ nkiri, otu nke kasị ama Orthodox Astrakhan ụka - Cathedral nke mwere. Ebe a bụ mgbịrịgba elu Prechistenskie ámá - ama, kachasi ulo-elu nke obodo elu nke ihe karịrị iri asatọ mita. Ọzọkwa na Astrakhan nwere a na nchekwa umu n'ógbè ebe i nwere ike ịmụta banyere ezi richness nke ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi nke Astrakhan. E nwere a ọgbọ egwuregwu, a otutu ngosi ihe mgbe ochie, mara mma ma na-ọma nọgidere na-enwe na-eme mkpagharị, isi-iyi na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-akpali ebe.

Astrakhan Kremlin

Nke a obodo na-akpụ ebe m ga-achọ na-ekwu a ole na ole ọzọ okwu. Kemgbe 1980, a ụkpụrụ ụlọ ensemble enwetara ọnọdụ nke a ncheta nke gọọmenti etiti mkpa.

Astrakhan Kremlin kere site mgbalị nke Moscow obodo nhazi: Mihaila Velyaminova, Gregory Ovtsyna na ukara na aru lipped. Ọ bụ na-akpali na dị ka ndị na-ewu ihe-eji na ndị fọdụrụ mkpọmkpọ ebe nke Tatar plinths.

Na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ndị na-ewu nke Astrakhan Kremlin, obodo mmepe nwere ike ịgwa a otutu akpali exposition n'ihu ebe a, n'otu eponymous akụkọ ihe mere eme na ụkpụrụ ụlọ mgbagwoju. Nke otu mmasị bụ ihe ngosi, emi odude ke elu. Ka ihe atụ, ogbunigwe, ma ọ bụ a taa ya ahụhụ, ulo-elu-enye gị ohere inwe otu echiche na otú ntaramahụhụ n'oge na Russia. Ma nke a ikpughe nwere ike ịga Visitors afọ iri na isi.

Ikpughe ụlọ elu "Red Gate" agwa ọbịa banyere akụkọ ihe mere eme na mmepe nke Astrakhan Kremlin dị iche iche ọtụtụ narị afọ. E nwere ihe atụ, a foto ngosi akpọ "Old Astrakhan", ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ ochie foto nke mbubreyo XIX - n'oge XX narị afọ, nakwa dị ka ha mụta nwa.

Nza nke na-akpali ihe nwere ike hụrụ na ókèala nke Kremlin. Ọzọkwa ebe a bụ Atọ n'Ime Otu Cathedral, banye n'Ụlọ Ekpere St. Cyril, Bishop ulo na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-adọrọ mmasị na-agwa akụkọ nke obodo ochie a dị ka Astrakhan.

Assumption Cathedral

Ọ bụ dị na ókèala ndị Kremlin, na bụ ya kasị ama okpukpe Shinto. Ya ụlọ adahade ebube na ókèala nke Kremlin na ịrịba si n'ebe ọ bụla obodo ahụ na gburugburu. Elu, nke bụ mwere Cathedral (Astrakhan), na-ewebata ya n'etiti ndị kasị elu na Russia na ụwa nke Orthodox Cathedrals. M kere a ọla nke Russian Orthodox ije Dorofey Myakishev.

The temple nwere a abụọ na-tiered Ọdịdị. Na mbu larịị, nke bụ obere n'ịdị elu, ọ bụ na-akpọ ala temple, a ebe-anọgide Astrakhan Nchụàjà. Ebe a na-okpukpe Shinto na ncheta nke nsọ na martyr.

Upper temple elu na-egbuke egbuke. Ìhè anyanwụ na-aga site na abụọ tiers nke nnukwu windo.

Dị ka Kremlin, onye mere eme na-agwa banyere ndụ nke a bụ obodo ukwu dị ka Astrakhan, Uspensky Cathedral - nwekwara a n'ókè nke mmasị na ndị ọgaranya na ndị ọgaranya n'oge gara aga.

Cathedral akukonsinooge

Ọ na-amalite na 1560, mgbe a, e wuru nke mbụ log ụlọ chọọchị, nke bụ ọgwụgwụ nke narị afọ, rekasịrịla na e dochie ihe siri ike nkume. Otú ọ dị, ụlọ a abụghị ka ogologo iguzogide. Ihe kpatara ya bụ ihe mere ndị demolition nke nkume ụka, ọ bụ ya size, nke nwere ike ịba a ngwa-ngwa-eto eto parish obodo.

Na na 1699 wee malite iwu mwere Cathedral (Astrakhan), akụkọ nke ya na-ewu were afọ iri. The mbụ mgbochi n'ụzọ a bụ enweghị ego nkwado si kwuo. Metropolitan Sampson were akara nke ụlọ na-eru ndị ebe a iji ahịa na ndị na landlords. Obodo ama adaghị anyaukwu na-anakọtara ego zuru ezu, N'ụda ọrụ nke kasị mma nka nke Astrakhan. Ndi-isi-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ nke oru ngo a họpụtara-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ Dorothea Myakisheva.

The mbụ ụkpụrụ ụlọ imewe chere domed temple. Otú ọ dị, n'oge na-ewu nke a nsogbu achọpụtara na ya kwụsie ike, na-nwe-atụpụta ụkpụrụ ụlọ chọrọ a ọhụrụ ise dome imewe. Na na 1710 na chọọchị ọrụ malitere.

Revolutinary afọ mere mmegharị na ndụ nke dum ala, ha na-adịghị ibibi n'akụkụ na Astrakhan. Assumption Cathedral e nyocharuworo ọtụtụ ugboro, na n'otu oge ahụ, nara a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke ihe nile ụka efere. A nnukwu akụkụ nke ọ gbazee, na katidral e mechiri. Ebe ọ bụ na 1922 na ọ na-eji dị ka a nkwakọba, a mgbatị, a égbè nso na ndị ọzọ na nzube.

Site na 1992, chọọchị ahụ a egwu ala: ndi iconostasis ọkụ, mgbidi e ọkara bibiri, oyiyi ebibi. Site na nke a afọ na-amalite na mweghachi nke katidral. Ofufe mbụ rụrụ na ala na chọọchị, na a afọ ole na ole ma maliteghachi ke n'elu.

Cathedral iconostasis

Nke a bụ isi mma, nke agba mwere Cathedral (Astrakhan) tupu revolutionary afọ. Iconostasis ebe a bụ ihe pụrụ iche n'ihi na too ogologo asatọ tiers. Church omenala ụlọ arụsị ngwaọrụ n'oge ekweghị ka ihe karịrị asaa ahịrị oyiyi.

The iconostasis nke mwere Cathedral tupu mgbanwe e mma na mara mma oyiyi-ese ndị a ma ama nke nna ukwu: Nikifor Popov na Ivanom Andreevym. Taa, ọtụtụ n'ime ha e weghachiri eweghachi, na ọ na-enwekwu ya vosmiyarusnuyu elu.

Ebe bụ Astrakhan

M odude a magburu onwe oge ochie Russian obodo na Southern Federal District of Russia. Na mgbakwunye na Astrakhan mpaghara, ọ na-agụnye ise ọzọ na-achị. Ókèala ndị district emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda nke European akụkụ nke Russia na ọ bụ nke Volga-Caspian mpaghara.

N'ịza ajụjụ bụ, olee ebe Astrakhan kwesịkwara ekwu na ọ bụ ihe niile dị na iri na otu agwaetiti nke Caspian ịda mbà n'obi, ha na-ejikọta ọnụ ọnụ site iri atọ àkwà mmiri. Isi akụkụ nke obodo bi bi na ekpe ụlọ akụ nke Volga River, na na a ise nke - na nri.