Biography na ọrụ site Glinka (nkenke). Glinka ọrụ

Creativity M. I. Glinki akara a ọhụrụ akụkọ ihe mere eme na ogbo nke mmepe nke musical omenala - a kpochapụwo. O jisiri ikpokọta kacha mma European ọnọdụ na mba omenala. Kwesịrị ilebara ya anya niile creativity Glinka. Chịkọtara dị ka ndị a niile Genres nke ọ na-arụ ọrụ fruitfully. Firstly, ọ bụ ya opera. Ha enwetara oké mkpa dị ka n'eziokwu recreate ndị siri ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga afọ. Ya songs juputara oké sensuality na ịma mma. Symphonic ọrụ ji incredibly sinik. The ndiife song Glinka meghere ihe-adịghị agwụ agwụ isi iyi nke uri na-kere a n'ezie onye kwuo uche mba art.

Creativity na biography nke Glinka. Nwata na-eto eto

A mụrụ May 20, 1804. O ji ya na nwata n'ime obodo Novospassky. Bright na-echeta n'ihi na a ndụ amụta bụ akụkọ ifo na songs nke nurse Avdotya Ivanovna. Always dọtara site ụda nke ya hey, nke ọ anya malitere iṅomi na ọla kọpa efere. Ọ anya malitere ịgụ na bụ ịmata site na okike. Mma-emetụta na-agụ ihe ochie mbipụta "On njem n'ozuzu." Ọ kpaliri oké mmasị na njem, ọdịdị mbara ala, ịbịaru na music. Tupu ha abanye ezi osisi o mere ihe na piano na ngwa ngwa ịga nke ọma nke a siri ike okwu.

Na oyi 1817 e zigara ya bi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ na St. Petersburg, ebe ọ nọrọ afọ anọ. Ọ na-amụ na Bema na Field si. Life na Works site Glinka na oge site na 1823 ka 1830 nnọọ ọrụ n'aka. Site 1824 gara Caucasus, ebe o jere ozi ruo mgbe 1828 Osote Odeakwụkwọ nke Communications. Site 1819 na 1828 bụ oge na-aga ileta nwa afọ Novospasskoye. Mgbe ịmata enyi ọhụrụ na St. Petersburg (Yushkov na D. Demidov). N'oge a, ọ na-emepụta ya mbụ songs. Ha bụ:

• Elegy "Unu nwaa m," na okwu Baratynsky.
• "Ogbenye My" na okwu nke Zhukovsky.
• "M hụrụ gị n'anya, unu nọ na-asị m" na "Kiss m ilu," okwu Korsak.

Dere piano iberibe, ọ na-eme ka mgbalị mbụ dee opera "A Life maka Tsar".

First njem ná mba ọzọ

Na 1830, ọ gara Italy, bụ na ụzọ ya Germany. Ọ bụ ya njem mbụ ná mba ọzọ. Ọ gara ebe a, ka mma ha ike ma na-enwe na gburugburu uwa unexplored mba. Ihe ahụmahụ nye ya ihe maka Oriental Mpaghara nke opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila". Na Italy ọ bụ tupu 1833, bụ tumadi na Milan.

Life na Works site Glinka ná mba a n'ihu ịga nke ọma, na-adị mfe na ndammana. Ebe a bụ ya maara ndị na-ese K. Bryullov, Moscow Prọfesọ S. Shevyryaevym. -Arọ - na Donizetti, Mendelssohn, Berlioz na ndị ọzọ. Milan nwere Rikkordi o bipụtara ụfọdụ nke ọrụ ya.

Na 1831-1832 ọ composes abụọ serenades, ọnụ ọgụgụ nke songs, Italian cavatina, sextet na isi E Ewepụghị Isi. Na oké ozu okirikiri ọ maara dị ka Maestro russo.

Na July 1833, ọ gara Vienna, na mgbe ahụ na-etinye ihe na ọnwa isii dị Berlin. N'ebe a, o ka mma ha oru ihe ọmụma na ndị a ma ama contrapuntist Z. Dehn. Mgbe e mesịrị, n'okpuru idu ndú ya, o dere, "Russian Symphony". N'oge a, andiwet talent amalite. Glinka creativity-aghọ ndị ọzọ free si mmetụta nke ọzọ, ọ thereto-enye ndị ọzọ maara. Na ya "memoirs" O kwuru, sị na ihe niile a oge ọ na-achọ ụzọ ya ma style. Agụ maka n'ụlọ, na-eche banyere ihe na-ide ihe na Russian.

Homecoming

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1834 Michael abịarute Novospasskoye. O chere na ịga mba ọzọ ọzọ, ma kpebie na-anọ na ala ha ala. N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1834 zigara Moscow. Ọ osobo ebe a na Melgunov na-eweghachi ochie maara musical na edemede okirikiri. Otu n'ime ha Aksakov Verstovsky, Pogodin, Shevyrev. Glinka kpebiri ike a Russian mba opera. O wee na-ihunanya opera "Marina Grove" (Zhukovsky na ibé). dere atumatu e emejuputa atumatu, ndepụta ke iru anyị.

Na ọdịda 1834, ọ ga-abịarute St. Petersburg, ebe ọ gara edemede na amateurish klọb. Zhukovsky ugboro kpaliri ya na-akụkọ "Ivan Susanin". N'oge a, ha na-ede otú ahụ songs, "Unu na-akpọ ya heaven," "Unu na-ekwu, ịhụnanya ga-agafe," "Naanị amaara m gị," "m ebe a Inesilla". Na ya onwe ya ndụ ọ na-eme oké ihe omume - alụmdi na nwunye. N'otu oge ahụ ọ bịara nwee mmasị na ide Russian opera. Ahụmahụ onwe onye na-enwe mmetụta na-arụ ọrụ nke Glinka, akpan akpan na music nke ya usoro ihe nkiri. Ná mmalite, onye dere ya bu n'obi dee a cantata ekewet atọ osise. Mbụ a na-akpọ Rural idaha, nke abụọ - na Polish atọ - akwa n'ikpeazụ. Ma n'okpuru nduzi nke Zhukovsky ọ melite a dị ịrịba ama opera esịnede ise omume.

The premiere nke "Life maka Tsar" wee ebe November 27, 1836 W. Odoyevski ụtọ maka ya. Emperor Nicholas m nyere maka ya Glinka mgbanaka maka 4000 rubles. A ọnwa ole na ole gasịrị, ọ họpụtara ya ka bandmaster. Na 1839, n'ihi ọtụtụ ihe Glinka resigns. N'oge a, na aka iso ndị na-amị mkpụrụ na-arụ ọrụ. Glinka Mihail Ivanovich dere ndị na-esonụ mejupụtara: "Night Nme", "North Star", ọzọ ahụ si "Ivan Susanin". Ọ na-e dị ka a ọhụrụ opera dabeere na akụkọ nke "Ruslan na Ludmila" na ndụmọdụ nke Shakhovsky. Na November 1839, ọ na-agba nwunye ya alụkwaghịm. N'oge ndụ nke a "nwanna nwoke" (1839-1841) kere a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke songs. Opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila" bụ a nọworo na-omume, tiketi e resịrị si tupu. The premiere wee ebe on 27.11.1842 afọ. The ịga nke ọma bụ pụtara. Mgbe 53 oyiyi opera Kwụsịrị-etinye. Onye dere kpebiri na ya e kere eke na-eleda, na ọ na-abịa enweghị mmasị. Glinka kere kwụsịtụrụ ruo otu afọ.

Ejegharị ejegharị na-anya mba

N'oge okpomọkụ nke 1843, ọ aga site Germany na Paris, ebe ọ nọgidere ruo mgbe mmiri nke na 1844.

Eme ochie maara, enyi na Berlioz. Glinka masịrị ya ọrụ. Ọ na-amụ ya omume na-arụ ọrụ. Na Paris, ọ na-ekwusi ike enyi na enyi na Merimee, Hertz, Châteauneuf na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ na-ese na ndị dere. Mgbe ahụ, ọ gara Spain, ebe ruo afọ abụọ. Ọ nọ na Andalusia, Granada, Valladolid, Madrid, Pamplona, Segovia. Ọ na-ede "Aragon Hoth." N'ebe a, o na-ewe a okpukpu si na ịpị nsogbu nke St. Petersburg. Inweta a ije gburugburu Spain, Mikhail Ivanovich anakọtara ndiife songs na egwú, dee ha ala na a akwụkwọ. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha kpụrụ ndabere nke ngwaahịa "Night na Madrid". Site akwụkwọ ozi Glinka-aghọ doro anya na na Spain ọ na-ezu obi na mkpụrụ obi, ebe o bi nke ọma.

The ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya

Na July 1847, ọ laghachiri n'ala nna ya. O bi a ụfọdụ oge Novospasskoe. Mihaila Glinki creativity na oge a na ume ọhụrụ. O dere, sị ọtụtụ piano iberibe, song "Ị adịghị anya ga-echefu m," na ndị ọzọ. N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1848 zigara Warsaw na-ebi ndụ a ruo mgbe mgbụsị akwụkwọ. Ọ na-ede maka ìgwè ndị egwú "Kamarinskaya", "Night na Madrid" romances. Na November 1848, ọ kwagara Petersburg ebe na-arịa ọrịa niile oyi.

N'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1849 ọzọ aga Warsaw biri n'ebe ahụ ruo mgbe ọdịda nke 1851. Na July nke afọ a na-arịa ọrịa, natara akụkọ ọjọọ ahụ nke ọnwụ nke nne ya. Na September, laghachi na St. Petersburg, o bi na nwanne ya nwaanyị L. Shestakova. Ọ na-ede nnọọ obere. Na May nke 1852 na ọ na-aga Paris na bụ ebe a ruo mgbe May 1854. Site 1854-1856 ndụ St. Petersburg na nwanne ya nwaanyị. Ọ bụ ụtọ nke Russian na-agụ egwú D. Leonova. N'ihi ya concerts emepụta ndokwa. April 27, 1856, ọ gara Berlin, ebe o biri na-esote Dan. Kwa ụbọchị ọ ga-abịa ileta ya, na ada na klas maka a mfe style. Creativity M. I. Glinki pụrụ ịnọgide. Ma n'anyasị January 9, 1857, ọ na-ejide a oyi. February 3, Mikhail nwụrụ.

Gịnị bụ ọhụrụ Glinka?

M. I. Glinka kere Russian style na music. Ọ bụ nke mbụ na dere na Russian, sonyeere na song nkwakọba (Russian ndiife) music ngwá (nke a metụtara abụ olu ụtọ, kwekọrọ, n'afọ iri na ụma na counterpoint). Glinka dere mejupụtara Creation na-egbuke egbuke ezu samples dị plan. Nke a bụ ya mba musical nkiri bụ "Life maka Tsar", ihe The Epic opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila". Dị ka ihe atụ nke Russian symphonic ịke nwere ike na-akpọ "Kamarinskaya", "Prince Kholmsk", overtures na interludes ma ya usoro ihe nkiri. Ya songs bụ ukwuu nka samples of in-a me na ịrịba ama okwu nke song. Glinka na-n'ụzọ ziri ezi na-atụle a classic nna ukwu nke ụwa mkpa.

symphonic ọrụ

N'ihi na-eti egwú site onye dere kere a ole na ole nke na ngwaahịa. Ma ọrụ ha dị ha oké mkpa na ha na-atụle na ntọala nke Russian oge gboo nchịkọta egwu na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke music. Fọrọ nke nta niile bụ nke genre nke fantasy ma ọ bụ onye na-akụkụ overtures. "Aragon Jota", "Now Fantasy", "Kamarinskaya," "Prince of Chelm" na "Night na Madrid" nkejikotara symphonic ọrụ site Glinka. Dere ọhụrụ mmepe ụkpụrụ.

Isi atụmatụ ya symphonic Overture:

• Nnweta.
• Ụkpụrụ nke a generalized software.
• Unique udi.
• Nkpunkpu conciseness of iche-iche.
• Dabere na n'ozuzu nka tụụrụ ime ya.

Glinka si symphonic ọrụ ọma e ji mara P. Tchaikovsky, atụnyere "Kamarinskaya" na oak na mkpuru osisi. Ọ pụta ìhè na a na-arụ ọrụ dum Russian symphonic akwụkwọ.

Opera dere nketa

"Ivan Susanin" ( "Life maka Tsar") na "Ruslan na Ludmilla" by Glinka elu operatic oeuvre. The mbụ opera - a mba musical ejije. Ọ na-nwere njikọ chiri anya ọtụtụ Genres. Firstly, a dike The Epic opera (ihe ndị mere eme na 1612 bụ na obi nke ibé). Nke abụọ, ọ nwere atụmatụ nke The Epic opera, in-a me na psychological nkiri na ndiife music. Ọ bụrụ na "Ivan Susanin" na-aga n'ihu European ọnọdụ, ndị "Ruslan na Lyudmila" ọ bụ a ọhụrụ ụdị ejije - The Epic.

Ọ na-e dere na 1842. Na-ege ntị nwere ike ghara ịghọta ya, ọ bụ anya ka ọtụtụ. Stasov bụ otu n'ime ole na ole na-akatọ onye kwuru ya mkpa maka dum nke Russian music omenala. O mesiri ya ike na nke a abụghị nanị a ọjọọ opera, a ọhụrụ ụdị ejije, kpamkpam na-amaghị. Atụmatụ nke opera "Ruslan na Lyudmila":

• Unhurried development.
• The enweghị kpọmkwem esemokwu.
• Ihunanya ọchịchọ - na yi osise.

Songs na Romances

Glinka olu ọrụ kere site dere ná ndụ. O dere, sị karịa 70 songs. Ha embody a dịgasị iche iche nke mmetụta .. Love, mwute, ime mmụọ n'echiche ya, mkpali, mmechuihu, wdg Ụfọdụ n'ime ha kwuru na a na foto nke ndụ na ọdịdị. Glinka isiokwu niile iche iche nke-adị kwa ụbọchị romance. Nke a ballad, "Russian Song" Serenade, Elegy. Ọ na-ekpuchi ezinụlọ na ndị dị otú egwú dị ka ndị Now, olu nwere na mazurka. Dere na-ezo aka genre, nke e ji music nke ndị ọzọ dị iche iche. Barcarolle bụ ihe Italian na a Spanish bolero. Bụla romances nnọọ iche iche: atọ akụkụ, a mfe couplet, mgbagwoju rondo. Glinka olu ọrụ gụnyere odide iri abụọ na-ede uri. O jisiri igosi na music atụmatụ nke uri asụsụ nke ọ bụla na-ede akwụkwọ. Isi n'aka okwu nke ọtụtụ songs bụ egwú dị ụtọ akụ nke a obosara ume. Buru ibu ọrụ egwuri site piano akụkụ. Fọrọ nke nta niile songs na-abịa, na-ẹkenam n'ime gburugburu ebe obibi nke edinam na ịtọ ọnọdụ. Nnọọ maara nke ndị dị otú ahụ romances site Glinka, dị ka:

• "Ọchịchọ bụ ọkụ na ọbara."
• "Skylark".
• "The agafe song."
• "Obi abụọ."
• "M na-echeta a magburu onwe oge."
• "Unu nwaa m."
• "Ị ga-echefu m anya."
• "Unu na-ekwu na-ewute obi."
• "Unu na-abụ abụ, m mara mma, m."
• "Ịghọta".
• "Night Nme".
• "Icheta".
• "Iji ya."
• "M ebe a Inesilla".
• "Oh, ị na-na na abalị e, The Night".
• "Na a oge nke ndụ ike."

Chamber instrumental creativity Glinka (nkenke)

A atụ kasịnụ nke instrumental ensemble bụ isi na-arụ ọrụ maka piano na eriri Quintet Glinka. Nke a bụ ihe magburu onwe divertissement dabeere na ama Bellini si opera "La Sonnambula". New atụmatụ na ebumnobi na-gụnyere abụọ ulo ensembles: "Grand Sextet" na "Trio Pathetique". Na ọ bụ ezie na ndị a na-arụ ọrụ a n'echiche nke na nduzi na Italian na omenala, ha bụ ndị ezi pụrụ iche na mbụ. Ke "Sextet" e a ọgaranya olu ụtọ thematism enyemaka, ebughibu ụdị. Nke a ensemble egwu ụdị. Arụ ọrụ a, Glinka gbalịrị igosi na ịma mma nke ndị Italian obodo. "Trio" - nnọọ iche nke mbụ ensemble. Ya agwa bụ gbarụọ na-echegbu onwe unu.

Chamber music nke Glinka ukwuu mma na olu nke na-eme akpọ violin, pianists, Viola, clarinet. Chamber ensembles adọta-ege ntị pụrụ iche omimi nke musical echiche, dịgasị iche iche nke n'afọ iri na ụma-formulas, naturalness melodic ume.

ọgwụgwụ

Musical creativity Glinka agwakọta nke kacha mma European ọnọdụ na mba omenala. Aha onye dere metụtara na a ọhụrụ ogbo na akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mmepe nke musical art, nke a na-akpọ "kpochapụwo". Glinka si creativity na-ekpuchi iche iche Genres na ewerewo ebe ha nọ na ihe ndị mere Russian music na kwesịrị uche nke ụmụ akwụkwọ na-eme nnyocha. Ya nke ọ bụla usoro ihe nkiri ga-emepe a ọhụrụ ụdị ejije. "Ivan Susanin" - a mba musical ejije na-agwakọta dị iche iche. "Ruslan na Lyudmila" - a akụkọ-akụkọ The Epic opera enweghị doro anya-ịkpụ esemokwu. Ọ na-amalite nwayọọ nwayọọ na-eji nwayọọ. Ọ bụ pụta ụwa mgbukepụ na foto. Ya usoro ihe nkiri nwetara oké mkpa dị ka n'eziokwu recreate ndị siri ihe ndị mere n'oge gara aga afọ. Symphonic ọrụ e dere bit. Otú ọ dị, ha na-enwe ike ọ bụghị naanị ime ihe na-ege ntị, ma na-na-a ezigbo na ntọala nke Russian nchịkọta egwu, dị ka ọ bụ pụta ụwa incredibly sinik.

Olu ọrụ nke onye dere nwere banyere 70 ọrụ. Ha niile bụ ezigbo mma na-atọ ụtọ. Ha embody a dịgasị iche iche nke mmetụta uche, mmetụta na ọnọdụ uche. Ha na-jupụtara na a pụrụ iche mara mma. Dere na-ezo aka dị iche iche Genres na iche-iche. Ma ime-ulo-instrumental ọrụ, ha na-akọ ụkọ. Otú ọ dị, ọrụ ha dịkwa mkpa. Ha na-esonyere site ọhụrụ na-arụ nnọọ olu kwesiri n'omume.