Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich. Brief biography Butlerova AM

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, a obere biography nke a na-hụrụ fọrọ nke nta niile Akwụkwọ nke onwu - ama Russian mmiri ọgwụ, nchoputa nke nkà mmụta sayensị na ụlọ akwụkwọ nke organic onwu, nchoputa nke ozizi nke ihe owuwu nke organic ogige, buru amụma na kọwara isomerism ukwuu nke organic ogige ma synthesized ụfọdụ n'ime ha (methenamine, formaldehyde polima na PR.). Ọzọkwa, Alexander, onye onyinye sayensị toro D. I. Mendeleev, dere ọrụ na ịkpa aṅụ na ugbo.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: a obere biography

N'ọdịnihu ọkà mmụta sayensị a mụrụ September 15, 1828 na ndị ezinụlọ nke bụbu agha, n'oge ahụ, onye nwe ulo. Nna ya Mikhail e abuana ke 1812 agha, na mgbe arụkwaghịm nke ezinụlọ ya biri na nna nna obodo Butlerovka. Mama m, Sophia Alexandrovna, nwụrụ mgbe ọ dị afọ 19, ozugbo nwa. Ya na nwata nọrọ Butlerovke Alexander na nna nna ala na ụlọ - obodo Podlesnaya Shantala, ebe nwunye nwanne na-akụziri. Na 10 afọ nwata e zigara a onwe bi n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, bụ ebe ọ mụtara French na German. Na 1842, mgbe a egwu ọkụ Kazan, na osisi e mechiri, na Sasha kpọfere 1 st Kazan mgbatị. obon ụmụ ahụhụ na osisi, ike nwere mmasị na onwu na rụrụ ya mbụ nwere na ụlọ akwụkwọ ndị a Butlerov. The N'ihi nke otu n'ime ha bụ otu ihe gbawara, na na ntaramahụhụ maka ihe o mere Alexander - ọgwụgwụ oyi na a e dere ede na ya obi, "oké mmiri ọgwụ."

na-amụrụ afọ

Na 1844, Butlerov A. M., onye biography na-permeated na ịhụnanya maka onwu, ghọrọ a na-amụrụ nke University of Kazan, onye bụ mgbe ahụ center nke eke nnyocha sayensị. Na mbụ, ọ bụ nwata nwoke ebu pụọ site anụmanụ na botani, ma mgbe ahụ ya mmasị n'okpuru nduzi nke okwu KK Klaus na N. N. Zinina igbasa onwu. On ndụmọdụ ha na-eto eto haziri a home laabu, ma isiokwu nke nna ya ukwu, ikekwe n'ihi Zinin kwagara St. Petersburg, e nwere butterflies.

Mgbe m gụsịrị na 1849, Mahadum nke Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, nke rịọrọ N. I. Lobachevsky na K. K. Klaus, mikpuru onwe-ezi na nkuzi a na-ahụ ọdịdị mbara ala, physics na onwu. Na Alexander bụ ezigbo orator, inwe ike kpamkpam jide na-ege ntị anya ekele na doo anya na rigor. Na mgbakwunye na na nkuzi na mahadum Butlerov lectured n'ihu ọha dị. Ndị a arụmọrụ Kazan na-ege ntị mgbe ụfọdụ na-ahọrọ fashionable egwuregwu nwetara. Natara a eteufọk ogo na 1851, otu afọ, ọ lụrụ Nadezhda Mikhailovna Glumilino - nwa nwanne Sergeya Timofeevicha Aksakova. Ọ gbachiteere ya doctoral tesis na 3 afọ na Moscow State University nke isiokwu "Na mkpa mmanụ." Mgbe ahụ ọ hoputara na ndị pụrụ iche na Kazan University, a afọ ole na ole mgbe e mesịrị a full prọfesọ nke onwu. Site 1860 na 1863 megide uche ya abụọ aghọ Rector, na principalship nwere a kama oge siri ike nke akụkọ ihe mere eme nke mahadum: Curtin olili ozu na bezdna ọgba aghara na-emetụta ụmụ akwụkwọ na professorial Ọdịdị.

Njem Europe

Alexander abuana ifịk ifịk na-eme nke Economic Society nke obodo nke Kazan, bipụtara isiokwu na ugbo, botani na floriculture. Biography Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich nwere atọ njem ná mba ọzọ, nke mbụ nke nke weere ọnọdụ na 1857-1858 gg. Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị gara Europe, ebe ọ na-ama na chemical ụlọ ọrụ na zutere na-eduga chemical laboratories. Na otu onye n'ime ha, na Paris, ọ rụrụ ọrụ maka fọrọ nke nta ka ọnwa isii. N'otu oge Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich gere ntị na nkuzi nke a ma ama European uche dị ka Becquerel, E. Mitscherlich, J. von Liebig, Bunsen RV, me ka mmata nke Friedrich August Kekule - German mmiri ọgwụ.

On ya laghachiri Kazan Butlerov AM, onye biography bụ nke mmasị ọ bụghị nanị na Russia kamakwa ná mba ọzọ, ọ ghọrọ ndị chemical laabu, na nọgide ọmụmụ nke methyl malitere site Wurtz. Na 1858, ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara a ọhụrụ usoro nke synthesizing methyl iodide, na rụrụ a nọmba nke ọrụ metụtara mgbake nke ya emepụta. Na njikọ nke methylene diacetate bụ formaldehyde polima - saponification ngwaahịa nke umi, na ihe nwere na nke bụ hexamethylenetetramine na metileninat. N'ihi ya, Butlerov mbụ ngụkọta njikọ emepụta sweetener.

Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich: nkenke banyere rụzuru nke ọkà mmụta sayensị

Na 1861 Butlerov mere na Speyer, na Congress nke German dọkịta na ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị, na okwu ihu ọha "Na chemical Ọdịdị nke okwu", nke dabeere na familiarity na ala nke onwu ná mba ọzọ overpowering mmasị na fundamentals nke onwu si n'ọnụ ele ihe anya na ya onwe ya nwere na-emepụta niile na nkà mmụta sayensị ọrụ. Ozizi ya, nke gụnyere echiche nke ike nke guzobere n'agbụ nke carbon atọm nke A. Cooper na valence A. Kekule, kwesŽrŽ chemical owuwu nke ụmụ irighiri, site na nke usoro a compound ọkà mmụta sayensị ghọtara atọm n'etiti onwe ha dabere kpọmkwem ego nke chemical ike (mmekọrita), onye ọ bụla e ji mara atọm.

Mkpa akụkụ nke ozizi Butlerov

Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na mmekọrịta chiri anya na nke ihe owuwu na chemical Njirimara nke mgbagwoju organic ogige karịa ike ịkọwa isomerism ọtụtụ n'ime ha, tinyere atọ pentanes, abụọ isomeric butanes, iche iche alcohols. Ọzọkwa Butlerov Ozizi mere ka o kwe ịkọ nwere chemical ọgwụgwọ na-akọwa ha.

N'ihi ya, na ozizi ya nke Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov:

• gosiri ọdịda adị n'oge Chemistry chepụtara;
• O mesiri ya ike na overriding mkpa nke atọm ifo;
• kọwaa chemical Ọdịdị dị ka nkesa agha mmekọrita nke atọm, adịru atọm akpali (ozugbo ma ọ bụ n'ụzọ) ka ọ bụla ọzọ, na-na jikọọ na chemical umu;
• 8 ọgbọ iwu kọwaa chemical ogige;
• mbụ ugwo anya ka ihe dị iche n'etiti reactivities nke dissimilar ogige, n'ihi na ala ma ọ bụ elu ike na nke na-atọm jikọọ, nakwa dị ka ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ma ọ bụ ngụkọta mmefu mmekọrita nkeji akpụ agbụ.

Scientific ọganihu Russian mmiri ọgwụ

Biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha nkenke kọwara na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ, na ụbọchị nke ndụ ya na ihe kasị rụzuru na sayensị. N'ihi Russian ọkà mmụta sayensị na nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nwere iji gosi na ozizi ya. Scientist, tupu synthesized, mata na 1864, na Ọdịdị nke tertiary butyl mmanya na 1866 - isobutane, na 1867 - isobutylene. Mụtakwara a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke Ọdịdị nke ethylene na carbon emepụta ha polymerization.

Na 1867-1868 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, a obere biography nke bụ ezigbo mmasị ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị na gburugburu ụwa, a họpụtara ya prọfesọ nke onwu na St. Petersburg University. Ndinọ otu ya nke a ewumewu, Mendeleev mesiri ike n'echiche Butlerov ozizi, ọ bụghị ndọtị nke onye ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ, kama ọ bụ nke ya onwe ya.

Na 1869 Butlerov mesịrị biri St. Petersburg, ebe ọ hoputara pụrụ iche, na mgbe ahụ nkịtị academician nke St. Petersburg Academy nke Sciences. Oge nke ndụ na St. Petersburg-arụsi nnọọ ọrụ: prọfesọ iso ya nwere, iwu n'iji ya gee ntị n'ozizi chemical Ọdịdị, isonye na ọha ndụ.

Mmasị na ndụ nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị

Na 1873, ọ malitere ịmụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onwu , ma lectured banyere isiokwu a. M dere nke mbụ bụ na ihe ndị mere ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị management, dabeere na ozizi chemical Ọdịdị - "Okwu Mmalite ka zuru ezu ọmụmụ nke organic onwu." Aleksandr Mihaylovich Butlerov bụ nchoputa nke ụlọ akwụkwọ nke Russian chemists, a na-akpọ ma "Butlerov akwụkwọ." Ke ukem na ọmụmụ nke onwu bụ ifịk ifịk mmasị n'ọrụ ubi. Karịsịa, o nwere mmasị na cultivation tii na Caucasus, ugbo na ịkpa aṅụ. Ya akwụkwọ nta "Olee otú ụgbọala aṅụ" na "Bee, ndụ ya na isi iwu nke ezi uche anu" ugboro ugboro republished, na magazine "Russian ịkpa aṅụ mpempe akwụkwọ" dị ka ọ na e hiwere na 1886.

Na 1880-1883 gg. Butlerov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, a obere biography na jupụtara na-akpali ma na nchoputa di mkpa maka sayensị, bụ president nke Russian Physico-oru obodo. Na n'otu oge ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị nnọọ mmasị spiritualism, onye o zutere na Aksakov si ala na ụlọ na 1854. Mgbe e mesịrị, Russian mmiri ọgwụ na-akpachi anya na ya na nwunye ya na nwa nwanne nna Aksakovym A. N., bipụtara na Journal of spiritualism "Psychical Research" na hotly gbachiteere tupu ikpe ya maara na ndị enyi ya ahuhu.

The uru nke ọrụ nke Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha na onwu

The arụkwaghịm nke Alexander aghaghị ịhapụ na 1875, mgbe afọ 25 ka nke ọrụ. Council of St. Petersburg University kwapụrụ ugboro abụọ a okwu nke 5 afọ. The ikpeazụ okwu ihu ọha Aleksandra Mihaylovicha Butlerova ẹkenịmde March 14, 1885. Ya ike okpu, ghara ikwe na site ufiop na nkà mmụta sayensị na-arụ ọrụ na-elekọta mmadụ na-eme: niile a na mberede Butlerof nwụrụ ala na ụlọ nke August 5, 1886. Ọkà mmụta lie n'ime obodo na-eli ozu nwa afọ Butlerovki, ugbu a defunct, n'ezinụlọ uka.

Butlerova ọrụ n'ụbọchị ya natara n'ụwa nile ude, ya na nkà mmụta sayensị akwụkwọ a na-ewere ihe akụkụ nke mmepe nke onwu na Russia, na biography Butlerova Aleksandra Mihaylovicha bụ ezigbo mmasị ndị ọkà mmụta na ụmụ akwụkwọ. Alexander onwe ya bụ nnọọ maa mma na vasatail nwoke a awuasara, obi na-anabata, ezigbo mmadụ na ndisụhọrede àgwà ka ụmụ akwụkwọ.