Biography nke Alexander Butlerov na onyinye ya na sayensị

Akwukwo ndu nke Andlerov, nke i ga-amata n'isiokwu a, bu ihe ekere site na okike nke usoro ihe omimi. Ozizi a ka dị n'isi nke sayensị nke ọdịdị nke ogige mmiri ọgwụ.

Malele nke Butlerov malitere na 1828, mgbe a mụrụ Alexander Mikhailovich na obere obodo Butlerovka, nke dị nso na Kazan. Ihe omume a mere na ala nna ya.

Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich: nwata

Alegzanda echetaghị nne ya, ebe ọ nwụrụ ụbọchị 11 mgbe ọ mụsịrị nwa ya nwoke. Nna ya bụ nwoke gụrụ akwụkwọ, onye ọkà mmụta sayensị n'ọdịnihu chọrọ ịdị ka ya n'ihe niile. Na nwata, nwa okoro a gara ụlọ akwụkwọ na-abanye n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, wee malite ịmụrụ akwụkwọ na Kazan Gymnasium nke mbụ. N'ụlọ akwụkwọ a, enwere ndị nkụzi nwere ahụmahụ nke maara otú ha ga - esi kwalite mmasị ha. Ọchịchị Alexandria dị mfe, karịsịa nkà mmụta sayensị.

Klas na Mahadum Kazan, na-aga Kazan

N'adịghị ka ọchịchọ nke nna ya, mgbe ọ gụsịrị akwụkwọ na gymnasium, Alexander kpebiri ịghọ nwa akwụkwọ nke nkà mmụta sayensị nke mahadum dị na Kazan. Otu afọ mgbe e mesịrị, na 1845, a nakweere ya maka afọ mbụ. N'oge a, nwata ahụ gbara afọ iri na asaa.

Akwukwo ndu nke Andlerov bu na 1846 dika ihe na - adighi nma - o dara na typhus. Nwoke ahụ nwụrụ n'ụzọ ọrụ ebube, ma nna ya, bụ onye oria ya, nwụrụ. Butlerov ke mgbụsị akwụkwọ na-aga na nwanne nne ya Kazan. Na mahadum, o rụsiri ọrụ ike, mana n'oge na-adịghị anya, ọ chọpụtara na ihe kachasị amasị ya na nkuzi na onwu. Okwu nkuzi Prọfesọ Klaus enweghị afọ ojuju, ya mere ọ malitere ịga klas nke Nikolai Nikolaevich Zinin na-eduzi. Nke ikpeazụ, na-ekiri Alexander na-arụ ọrụ n'ụlọ akwụkwọ, chọpụtara na ọ bụ onyinye.

Nchedo nke onye ọrụ

Iji nweta akara ugo mmụta, Aleksandr Mikhailovich ga-edozi edemede na nchịkọta ihe na mahadum. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, Zinin hapụrụ St. Petersburg si Kazan. Ya mere, Alegzanda nwere ike ịme sayensị. Ọ kwadebere maka onye na-ede akwụkwọ ya na-arụ ọrụ n'isiokwu bụ "Day butterflies of the Volga-Ural fauna". Ma, mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị ọnọdụ mere ka Butlerov lọghachiri na kemistri mgbe niile.

Ọrụ na Mahadum Kazan

Mgbe Alexander nụsịrị akwụkwọ ahụ, ọ nọgidere na Mahadum Kazan. Klaus, prọfesọ ọkachamara nke onwu ihe omumu, enweghị ike iduzi ọmụmụ ihe niile n'onwe ya ma chọọ enyemaka, nke ghọrọ Alexander Mikhailovich. Butlerov n'oge mgbụsị akwụkwọ nke 1850 gafere ule ma ghọọ ọkachamara nke onwu. Ọ malitere ozugbo na nchịkọta doctoral ya na isiokwu mmanụ dị mkpa. Butlerov chebere ọrụ a n'isi afọ ọzọ. Yana nkwadebe nke okwu Alexander aku a ọma na-amụ akụkọ ihe mere eme nke onwu.

Butlerov botanist

Akwukwo ndu nke Andlerov abughi nani ndi chemists, kamakwa ndi ogwu. Alexander Mikhailovich duziri nyocha ya na greenhouses, dị na Butlerovka na Kazan. Ọ na-edekwa akwụkwọ banyere floriculture, hotikoisho na oru ubi Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich. Foto nke ihe ncheta nke Alexander Mikhailovich, nke dị na Kazan, nke dị nso na mahadum, dị n'okpuru ebe a.

Ugo mmụta doctoral, njem azụmahịa nke mba ọzọ, itinye aka na onwu

Butlerov natara akara ụbụrụ ya na physics na onwu na June 4, 1854. Ozugbo nke ahụ gasịrị, a họpụtara ya ka ọ bụrụ onye prọfesọ nke onwu na nkà mmụta sayensị na nwa akwụkwọ nke Kazan. Butlerov site na mmalite nke afọ 1857 bụbu prọfesọ. N'otu afọ ahụ, n'oge okpomọkụ, a natara ikike iji gaa njem azụmahịa na mba ọzọ.

Na Berlin, Alexander Mikhailovich bịarutere na njedebe nke oge okpomọkụ. Mgbe obere oge gachara, ọ gara Germany, Italy, Switzerland na France. Paris bụ ihe mgbaru ọsọ kasịnụ nke njem ahụ. N'oge ahụ ọ bụ ebe ụwa maka nnyocha nke onwu. Butlerova na-adọtakarị nzukọ na Adolf Wurz. Alexander Butlerov rụrụ ọrụ na ụlọ ụlọ ya maka ọnwa 2. Ndị ọkà mmụta ọgwụ ahụ malitere iduzi ya n'ebe a. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ, nnyocha ya mere ka mkpụrụ mbụ bịa. N'afọ 20 sochirinụ, o meghere ọtụtụ mmeghachi omume na ihe ndị Alexander Butlerov nwere. Ntinye aka na onwu dika oke. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, ihe nnọchianya ya nke ethylene na ethanol, alcohols nke dị elu, dinzobutylene, trioxymethylene, na urotropine bụ na mmalite nke ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ. Ha nwere mmetụta na-akpali akpali maka mmepe ya. Dị ka ị pụrụ ịhụ, Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich mere nnukwu ihe maka sayensị na ụlọ ọrụ. Ihe ọ na-eme ọ siri ike ikpochapụ. Ugbu a, ka anyị kọwapụta tiori nke chemist a.

Ozizi Andlerov

Butlerov, na-amụ ihe ndị na-emepụta mmanụ ala, ghọtara na nke a bụ ụdị ọgwụ dị iche iche. Scientist nyochasịrị ha Njirimara na Ọdịdị, kwuru, sị a na nlezianya iwu, nke kpụrụ ndabere nke ozizi nke chemical Ọdịdị, kere ya.

Akwukwo akụkọ nke Andlerov na Paris Academy of Sciences zutere ochicho. A malitere arụrịta ụka. Afọ ole na ole ka e mesịrị, n'oge njem azụmahịa nke ya na mba ọzọ, Alexander Mikhailovich kwupụtara nkwupụta nke o kere. O mere otu akụkọ na 36th Congress of Physicians and Naturalists na Speyer, nke a na - eme na September 1861. Butlerov gụrụ akụkọ ya banyere "Ihe banyere usoro ihe dị n'ahụ nke ahụ." Onye sayensi maara nke ọma na ndị na-ege ntị na nkwupụta ọhụrụ nke ọdịdị nke ihe ndị dị na organic ndị o kere. O kwuru na mgbochi ọ bụla nke ahụ bụ akụkụ nke ahụ na-etinye aka na nhazi ya ma na-eme ihe ndị agha na-eduzi na mkpụrụ nke gbara ya gburugburu. Ọ bụ n'ihi mmetụta a ka a na-ejikọta mkpụrụ ndụ na mkpụrụ osisi, ihe dị na mmiri. Ọ na-akpọ usoro ihe ọkụkụ ahụ iji kesaa ihe ndị agha ndị a, nke na-eduga na njikọ nke mkpụrụ. Ya mere, ihe dị mgbagwoju anya nwere ihe ndabere chemical, nke a na-ekpebi site na ọdịdị nke akụkụ ahụ, usoro ha na ihe dị ukwuu.

Anyị na-ahụ na ọbụna tupu Butlerov, a na-ahụ okwu ahụ bụ "usoro iheomume" na akwụkwọ. Otú ọ dị, ọkà mmụta sayensị ahụ megharịrị ya ma malite iji ya kọwapụta echiche ọhụrụ. Usoro ihe omuma nke ihe omuma bu ihe ndabere nke ngalaba nile nke ihe omumu ihe odiri nke oge a.

Nkwadebe nke trimethylcarbinol

The kasị nwee obi ụtọ afọ ná ndụ nwere ike-atụle Butlerova 1863rd ime na acetyl chloride dimethylzinc, a ọkà mmụta sayensị na nke mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme natara tertiary butyl mmanya, ma mara dị ka trimethyl. N'akwụkwọ ndị ahụ, n'oge na-adịghị anya mgbe nke ahụ gasịrị, e nwere akụkọ banyere mkpụrụ ndụ butyl alcohols, isi na nke abụọ. Isobutyl mmanya e mara ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kemgbe 1852. Ekem enye ama ọtọn̄ọde iso ọkpọn̄ mmanụ. Ugbu a, enwere ike ịjụ esemokwu ọ bụla, ebe ọ bụ na e nwere 4 butyl alcohols, nke ọ bụla bụ isomer. Ọ bụ ezigbo mmeri nke usoro ihe.

Akwụkwọ akụkọ nke nkwomerism

Site n'agbata 1862 rue 1865, isi edemede nke ozizi ọhụrụ nke Butlerov, bụ nke a na-atụgharị anya na nkwomerism, nwere njikọ. Onye dere ya kwenyere na usoro ya gụnyere ikewapu mkpụrụ ndụ nke otu ụdị ahụ ma jikọta ihe ndị fọdụrụ na nchịkọta nke mkpụrụ ndụ ọhụrụ na ụdị dị iche. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru banyere mkpa ọ dị itinye usoro siri ike maka usoro ọgwụgwọ. N'ikwu ya n'ụzọ ọzọ, a ga-ewere ha dịka nhaju. Ọ bụ Peter Laar, bụ onye Germany na-emepụta okwu bụ "tautomerism" ka a na-akpọ Alexander Mikhailovich ikike dị ka onye edemede nke nkwomerism.

Akwụkwọ nkà mmụta sayensị

Ugbu a, ọrụ Butlerov bụ itinye usoro ihe ọmụma ya n'usoro na ogige niile na mmeghachi omume nke kemịkal kemịkal, na ịmepụta akwụkwọ ntuziaka ọ bụla na ngụkọta kemịkal. N'akwụkwọ ahụ, a ghaghị ile ihe niile anya site na nkwupụta nke tiori nke o kere. N'ime afọ 2, Butlerov rụrụ ọrụ ya. Ihe atọ (site n'afọ 1864 rue 1866) bipụtara akwụkwọ site na Alexander Mikhailovich "Ihe Nkọwa nke Ọmụmụ Ihe Nile nke Organic Chemistry." Ọ dị mma karịa akwụkwọ ọgụgụ niile n'oge ahụ. Ọrụ Butlerov mere ka e nwee mgbanwe na sayensị. Ugbua na 1867, malitere ịkwadebe nsụgharị na mbipụta akwụkwọ a na German. Mgbe ahụ, nsụgharị pụtara n'asụsụ ndị ọzọ dị na Europe.

Dịrị na Butlerovka, na-arụ ọrụ na Mahadum St. Petersburg

Mgbe akwụkwọ ọrụ ahụ gasịrị, Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich na-arịwanye elu na ala ya. Ezinụlọ ya bịara ebe a ọtụtụ ugboro n'izu. Nwa nke nta, Volodya, onye dị afọ 2, nwere mmasị igwu egwu n'ubi, nke dị nso n'ụlọ ahụ. Butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich nwekwara mmasị izu ike ebe a. Ihe ndị na-akpali mmasị banyere ya gụnyere ihe ntụrụndụ nke na-eto eto, yana ịmepụta nchịkọta ụmụ ahụhụ.

Butlerov ejirila oge na-aga n'ụlọ laabu, ma ọ gbasoro nchọpụta nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị. Ná mmalite nke Mendeleyev, bụ ọkachamara n'ịṅụ ọgwụ, n'oge opupu ihe ubi nke 1868, a kpọrọ Alexander ka ọ rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum St. Petersburg. N'ebe a, ọ malitere ịkụziri ya okwu, ma haziekwa ụlọ nyocha nke ya. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ahụ kere ụzọ nkuzi ọhụrụ. Ọ gwara ụlọ ọrụ nyocha ụlọ ọrụ, nke a nabatara na ụwa. A zụrụ ndị mmụta n'oge ọzụzụ ahụ na-arụ ọrụ na ngwá ọrụ chemical.

Nkwadebe nke isobutylene

Butlerov nọgidere na-eme nnyocha nke o ji mepụta echiche nke usoro. Ọ chọrọ igosi na carbon chain nke nwere ogologo na branched nwere ike ịnweta ụdị ogige dị iche iche. Echiche a sitere n'echiche ya. Otú ọ dị, ọ dị mkpa igosi nke a na omume. Na njedebe, mgbalị Alexander Mikhailovich nwere mmeri. Ọ natara isobutylene dị ogologo oge. N'ihi ya, e gosipụtara ọnụnọ nke ígwè hydrocarbon branched.

Mbanye na ndụ ọha mmadụ na St. Petersburg

Butlerov, na mgbakwunye na nnyocha omume, na-ifịk ke-elekọta mmadụ na ndụ nke Russian isi obodo. Ndị na-aga n'ihu na oge ahụ nwere nchegbu kachasị maka nsogbu gbasara agụmakwụkwọ ụmụ nwanyị. Ọ dị mkpa na ụmụ nwanyị kwesịrị ịga ụlọ akwụkwọ dị elu. Ọ bụ maka nke a ka e kere Usoro Mmụta Ndị Kasị Elu karịa na Medical Medical Academy. Na mgbakwunye, a haziri usoro ọmụmụ ụmụ nwanyị Bestuzhev, nke Alexander Mikhailovich na-akụzi na onwu.

Ndị otu na Academy of Sciences

Ọrụ nke ọkà mmụta sayensị a bụ akara nke Academy of Sciences. A choputara Butlerova na 1871 bụ ọkà mmụta sayensị pụrụ iche, mgbe afọ atọ gasịrị - na ndị nkịtị. N'ihi nke a, ọ nwetara ụlọ n'ụlọ ụlọ akwụkwọ. N'ebe a na Zinin Nikolai Nikolayevich. Ya na onye agbata obi ya na-eme ka enyi ya na-adị ogologo oge.

Afọ ikpeazụ nke ndụ

Ndụ na ihe omume nke Alexander Butlerov ruo afọ ole na ole gara aga ejikọtara ya na sayensị. Otú ọ dị, afọ agafeela, ihe mmụta ahụ na ụmụ akwụkwọ ahụ wee dị arọ maka Butlerov. Onye ọkà mmụta sayensị ahụ kpebiri ịhapụ mahadum. Ọ gụrụ akwụkwọ ntụsara ahụ na Eprel 4, 1880. E ji obi ụtọ dị ukwuu nye mkpebi a. A maara na Ụlọ Ọrụ Ọchịchị gwara Alexander Mikhailovich ka ọ nọrọ. A họpụtara ya maka afọ ise ọzọ.

Butlerov dị ka o kwere mee nanị ihe omume na mahadum. Ọ na-agụrụ nanị ihe ndị bụ isi na ọtụtụ ugboro n'izu na-eduzi klas na laabu. August 5, 1886, nwụrụ nke igbochi ụgbọ mmiri butlerov Alexander Mikhailovich. Foto nke ụlọ nsọ dị na ili Andlerov bụ n'elu.