Carbon monoxide

Dị ka a N'ihi nke na-ezughị ezu combustion nke carbon ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa nwere ya, ọ Nleta carbon monoxide (CO) ma ọ bụ carbon monoxide. Ndị ọzọ na aha maka nke a na-egbu egbu umi enweghị agba ma ọ bụ isi (ya e mere bụghị site carbon monoxide, organic bekee na-adịghị), - carbon oxide (II) ma ọ bụ carbon monoxide. Ya njupụta na 0 Celsius C hà 0,00125 g / cm³. Na okpomọkụ nke mwepu 192 ° C na-aga si gaseous na mmiri mmiri ala, na na mwepu 205 ° C - siri ike. Autoignition okpomọkụ gbakwunyere 609 Celsius C. Oxide bụ ubé soluble na mmiri (0.0026 g na 100 ml), ma soluble na chloroform, acetic acid, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ammonium hydroxide, benzene. Ọ nwere a ezengwenri uka nke 28,0101 g / mol.

Ọzọkwa monoxide na-mara na ndị ọzọ na carbon oxides. Kacha nkịtị ndị a bụ carbon dioxide ma ọ bụ carbon dioxide (CO2), nke na-emepụta site zuru ezu combustion nke carbon (free na ibikwa). Ọ bụ a colorless gas na a ubé utoojoo uto, ma ọ bụghị inwe ihe ísì ụtọ. Ọ bụ nke ukwuu soluble na mmiri, si otú akpụ ihe acidic carbon hydroxide CO (OH) 2 ma ọ bụ carbonic acid H2CO3. Carbon suboxide (C3O2) bụ a-egbu egbu gas enweghị agba, ma na a nkọ suffocating ísì ụtọ. N'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ, ọ dị mfe polymerize, n'ikpeazụ na-emepụta na ngwaahịa na-adịghị soluble na mmiri na ntụpọ na-acha uhie uhie, odo ma ọ bụ acha odo odo. E nwekwara ndị ọzọ carbon oxides nke ndị na-erughị maara nke ọma na-enwe a n'usoro ma ọ bụ cyclic Ọdịdị. Formulas na usoro isiokwu a ịdị iche iche site C2O2 ka C32O8. Tụkwasị na nke ahụ bụ a polymeric umi, dị ka graphite oxide-ya nile, a molekul esịnede C na O ọcha na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke-edebe nwere ike ịdị iche iche.

Carbon monoxide nwetara site ele mmadụ anya n'ihu ọxịdashọn nke carbon (a shoestring) maka carbon oxygen gas. Ihe atụ, n'oge na ime nke oku ma ọ bụ esịtidem combustion engine na ihe nchọ ohere. Na ọnụnọ nke oxygen, carbon monoxide ọkụ-acha anụnụ anụnụ ire ọkụ na-etolite carbon dioxide: 2CO + O2 → 2CO2. Coke (ma ọ bụ coal) gas, nke na ọtụtụ-eji na 60s bu ụzọ na narị afọ maka ime ụlọ ọkụ, isi nri na kpo oku, gụnyere ya mejupụtara ruo 10% carbon monoxide. Ebe ọ bụ na combustion nke CO, a nnukwu ego nke okpomọkụ, dị gas bụ a bara uru mmanụ ụgbọala akụrụngwa. Ụfọdụ Filiks ke oge a na teknụzụ (e.g., ezi ígwè) ka na-esonyere guzobe dị otú ahụ a na-ewepụta na ya, dị ka carbon monoxide. Na kasị ibu n'ụwa isi iyi nke carbon monoxide eke si malite bụ photochemical Jeremaya mere na-ewere ọnọdụ na troposphere na ha na ihe banyere 5 • 1012 kg kwa afọ. Ọzọ eke na isi mmalite nke carbon monoxide bụ agbọpụta ọkụ, oké ọhịa ọkụ, na ihe ndị ọzọ combustion Filiks.

Si chemical ele ihe anya, ọ na-ji a carbon monoxide mbenata Njirimara na a ọchịchọ adianade Jeremaya mere. Ma abụọ ndị a ọchịchọ na-egosi na na elu okpomọkụ na nke carbon monoxide nwere ike jikọọ na ụfọdụ ọla, chlorine, oxygen na sọlfọ ahụ. The metal na-eji ike nke umi site kpo oku na-agbake ọtụtụ ọla ka oxides. Na mmeghachi omume nke chlorine eme phosgene gas: CO + Cl2 ↔ COCl2. Ọ na-a nsi, eji na organic njikọ, nwere ike jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ akadiahade na mmiri dị ka mmeghachi omume akụkụ: COCl2 + 2H2O → H2CO3 + 2HCl.

Carbon monoxide pụrụ ozugbo mmasị na elu okpomọkụ ma na nsogbu ụfọdụ ọla-etolite metal carbonyls na- mgbagwoju ogige: Ni (CO) 4, knife (CO) 6, Fe (CO) 5 na ndị ọzọ. Carbon monoxide (II) nwere ike meghachi omume na amonia na mkpali (thoria ThO2) at 500 ° C na guzobere nke hydrogen cyanide: CO + NH3 HCN + H2O →.

Carbon monoxide bụ na-egbu egbu ụmụ mmadụ na ụmụ anụmanụ. Nsí Achọ Njirimara nke carbon monoxide ruru ya ike na-eme irreversibly na haemoglobin n'ime ọbara, si otú adịkwa ike ibu oxygen ka mkpụrụ ndụ na anụ ahụ nke ahụ. Nke ahụ bụ, na-abịa hypoxia hematic ụdị. Ma, ọ na-akpọ (n'ihi ala oxygen ike nke ọbara) ọbara. Ọzọkwa carbon oxide (II) atụ ke mmeghachi omume, na-enye nsogbu ahụ anụ ahụ Biochemical itule. Easy nsi so site isi ọwụwa, akụ aka na ụlọ arụsị, dizziness, obi mgbu, na a akọrọ ụkwara, mmiri anya, ọgbụgbọ, vomiting, visual na auditory ịmụ anya arọ nrọ, reddening nke anụ ahụ na mucous membranes, tachycardia, amụba nsogbu. Na-agafeghị oke iro ụra na tent (ma na-nsụhọ) moto mkpọnwụ. Siri ike nsi e ji mgbaàmà ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka dilated ụmụ akwụkwọ, ọnwụ nke nsụhọ, ụfụ, Coma, akụkụ okuku ume na ọdịda, ịsụ orùrù nke feces na mmamịrị, bluish akpụkpọ mucous membranes. Ọnwụ emee ya ruru ka obi odida na iku ume.