Catalytic cracking mmanụ

Catalytic cracking nke mmanụ (si sụgharịa English - gbawara) - na nkà na ụzụ usoro iji nwekwuo mmanụ ụgbọala mkpụrụ site pụrụ iche nhazi nke mmiri nke arọ mmanụ ụmụ irighiri ihe. Mgbe isi nhazi nke ngwaahịa na-enwetara na 5-14% nke nkezi ngụkọta arọ nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Àgwà nke mmanụ ụgbọala mgbe ogologo-agba ọsọ distillation anaghị igbo chọrọ nke oge a na nkà na ụzụ.

The catalytic cracking mmanụ ụgbọala mkpụrụ-abawanye na mma ya mma.

E nwere ihe abụọ na ụdị nke kwes (catalytic) cracking nke: mmiri mmiri na gas na-adọ. N'ihi na nke mbụ feedstock bụ a arọ mmanụ, nke a na nri n'ime ọkụ na 600-625 ° C n'okpuru a mgbali nso ikuku. The gas-adọ catalytic cracking a rụrụ n'okpuru otu ọnọdụ, ma ọ bụ a akụrụngwa n'ihi gas mmanụ (anyanwụ mmanụ). Na thermal cracking nke ihe owuwu nke macromolecular carboxylic alkanes gbajiri njikọ na kpụrụ molekul nke ala molekụla ibu hydrocarbons, gụnyere ke mmanụ ụgbọala nta:

S10N22 - S5N12 + S5N10.

Ya mere, site elu-decane ii abụọ bekee (jupụta na unsaturated hydrocarbons) na a ala molekụla arọ.

Catalytic cracking a rụrụ na ọnụnọ nke mkpali (ọrụ ụrọ ma ọ bụ aluminosilicates) na okpomọkụ nke 470-530 C n'okpuru a mgbali nke si 70 ka 370 kPa. Isi akụrụngwa maka usoro a gas mmanụ, mmanụ ụgbọala mkpụrụ na ngụkọta nke ịdị arọ nke mmanụ nwere ike iru 30-40%. Ya mere, na mmepụta nke mmanụ ụgbọala - bụ a siri ike ma na-ewe usoro. Iji mma ngwaahịa na-ewepụ ya Ọdịdị alkenes na alkynes, nke na mgbe ụfọdụ na-ewe ruo 30% nke ngụkọta arọ.

Site n'iji nke otutu teknụzụ, na mmanụ ụgbọala mkpụrụ na usoro siri esi mmanụ nwere ike ịbụ ruo 80 percent. Na-amata na àgwà nke mmiri mmiri na mmanụ ụgbọala na-octane. Dị ka a mmanụ ụgbọala sample na elu antiknock Njirimara a họọrọ isooctane ma ọ bụ 2,2,4-trimethylpentane.

Ya octane atụle hà 100. Dị ka a sample na kasị ala-elekọta antiknock Njirimara nke n-heptane: S7N16, octane nọmba (Ron), nke a na-ewere hà 0. Iji chọpụta a index detonation Njirimara tụnyere Njirimara nke mmanụ ụgbọala ngwakọta nke isooctane na n-heptane.

Dị ka ihe atụ, a ngwaahịa na ihe octane nọmba nke 80 nwere otu detonation Njirimara, dị ka a ngwakọta nke 80% isooctane na 20% n-heptane. The elu octane, mma àgwà nke mmanụ ụgbọala. Ịba a egosi azọpụta mmanụ ụgbọala ma na-azọpụta ike nke esịtidem combustion engine. Ngwaahịa na-kwukwara, na ndị ọzọ mmiri, gụnyere hydrocarbons na bụghị, na antidetonators (bekee na kacha nta kasịnụ (dịghị ukwuu karịa 0,5%) mma antiknock Njirimara nke mmanụ ụgbọala). Na mbụ ji mee ihe maka ndị a na nzube tetraetilplyumbum. N'ihi na eziokwu na nke a umi bụ nnọọ na-egbu egbu, na ọ dochie ọzọ antiknock, nke na-mere nke margantsevoorganicheskih njikọ. Ndị bekee na-erughị na-egbu egbu na-ahụ anyị na-eme ka o kwe omume na-emepụta mmanụ ụgbọala na octane otu narị na iri abụọ na narị ise na iri atọ nkeji.

mmanụ ụgbọala mmepụta technology

Site kpọmkwem distillation nweta mmanụ ụgbọala na octane ruo 91. Usoro a bụ taa - a okomoko, n'ihi na mkpụrụ nke mmanụ ụgbọala bụ ala. Iji dịkwuo mkpụrụ nke mmanụ a na-mma ya mma iji megharịa esi, catalytic, kwes cracking, ịgbazigharị, wdg

Ndị a ụzọ dịkwuo oru nleeta, oge ya na ego, ma naanị ha na-enye na-erughị emebiri gburugburu ebe obibi mmanụ ụgbọala. Dịkwuo octane nke taa na-eji a dịgasị iche iche nke na (alcohols, organometallic ogige, ethers, wdg).