Day nke Paris mmekota: ụbọchị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke

Day nke Paris mmekota na-eme ememe na nsọpụrụ nke mmeri nke mbụ proletarian mgbanwe nke 1871, na March 18. Paris mmekota na-akpọ site na n'oge ihe ndị mere 1871 na isi obodo nke French revolutionary ọchịchị.

Omume Background 1871

France, narị afọ nke 19 ... Na-arụ ọrụ akwatu bourgeois onyeeze na February 1848 tinye n'ihu revolutionary choro. Na June nke otu afọ na Paris proletariat na ogwe aka mere megide Republic "ùgwù na isi obodo" nke "na-elekọta mmadụ Republic". Nke a bụ mgbalị mbụ na bourgeois iji, akpa akwa agha obodo n'etiti bourgeoisie na proletariat. A arọ imeri ke 1848, ahụkwaghị na-arụ ọrụ na klas maka a ogologo oge. Naanị na 1871 ọ ọzọ Ekwuru na-emegide ọchịchị.

Agba Day nke Paris mmekota (1848 ihe na-eje ozi dị ka ya guzobere) site ọtụtụ ndị taa.

ntoputa

Ozugbo ọ na-e guzobere n'agbata Prussia na France a truce na Franco-Prussian agha, ọgba aghara malitere na Paris, na-eto n'ime a mgbanwe. N'ihi ya, onwe-ọchịchị ẹkenam, bụ nke a nọgidere na 1871, si 18 March na 28 May. Paris mmekota edu nnọchiteanya nke ọzọ anarchists na socialists. Ndú ya ekwusawo ma nke mbụ sample nke proletarian ọchịchị aka ike.

Natural onu nke akụkọ ihe mere eme bụ ntoputa nke Paris mmekota. Ihe kpatara ya bụ oké na-elekọta mmadụ na-emegiderịta dịịrị na French ọha mmadụ, nke njọ nnọọ sharply e merisịrị nke mba n'oge Franco-Prussian War, nke e kere si 1870 na 1871. E guzobere February, ndị ọchịchị nke Thiers (ya foto a na-egosi n'okpuru), na protege nke nnukwu bourgeoisie, nabatara a ihere na njọ nke udo nkwekorita. The revolutionary agha anabatala kere eke nke Republican Federation nke National Nche. Gawa site ya Central kọmitii.

N'ụbọchị ndị mbụ nke mgbanwe

N'abalị nke March 18, e mere site na Government nke Thiers agbali inapu ndi proletarian distrikti nke Paris na ijide ndị nnọchiteanya nke Central Committee nke National Nche. Otú ọ dị, atụmatụ okpu. Na a egwu, ndị ọchịchị gbagara Versailles si Paris. The National Nche na emi odude ke ụlọ ezumezu obodo, ibi akwụkwọ ụlọ na n'ogige ahụ. N'elu ụlọ ezumezu obodo kowe uhie ọkọlọtọ. N'ihi ya, ọ e kwuru ka a na ihe agha nnupụisi na nkwatu nke bourgeois ọchịchị, ndị Paris mmekota. Elections na Council of Paris mmekota e ẹkenịmde on 26 March. Ụbọchị abụọ gasịrị, ọ nọrọ nzukọ mbụ ya, bụ nke mere Proudhon Bele. New Town Ụlọ Nzukọ, March 29 e renamed na eze na Paris mmekota.

Day nke Paris mmekota

Ụbọchị March 18, 1871 bụ a pụrụ iche na ihe ndị mere France. Ya mara ma na-echeta nke ọma n'ụwa nile. Ọ na-ama ahụ mezuru proletarian mgbanwe. March 18 dara ike nke bourgeoisie. Ọ bụ ụbọchị mbụ nke Paris mmekota. 1848 ihe e kpọkwasịwo, dị ka anyị ekwuola, oké ụbọchị. Site na mkpebi nke mbụ International, na-esote afọ na ụbọchị March 18 bụ a ezumike mbụ ọma iji ẹkemụm ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị ike site na-arụ ọrụ. Nke a Day nke Paris mmekota. Ya na-eme ememe ruo mgbe 1917, na mba anyị na iwu na-akwadoghị nzukọ nke revolutionary òtù. N'ihi na oge mbụ a revolutionary ụbọchị ghọrọ ebe ememe mgbe na March 1923, ndị Central Committee nke DENR mara ọkwa ha ezumike Day nke Paris mmekota.

Nke so kpata ntoputa nke Paris mmekota?

N'ihu ọdachi nke mba ọdachi France mgbe merie Sedan. Kasị nke ókèala ji site Prussian agha. Ha na-na-arụ maka a obere oge, ụfọdụ ebe nke isi obodo. The National Assembly hoputara na 1871, 8 February, gụnyere n'ụzọ pụtara ìhè na-nzuzo monarchists. More njikere ọrụ karịa Bismarck, na-atụ egwu na nnukwu bourgeoisie. France n'okpuru okwu nke mbido nkwekọrịta ga-akwụ a nnukwu indemnity nke Prussia. Ya size bụ 5 ijeri franc gold. Prussia kpalikwara Alsace na Lorraine.

mba nche

Ọrụ na-aga n'ihu gụrụ wee agbachitere nke isi obodo. Na Paris, na September 1870 na National Nche e guzobere - 215 battalions. N'otu oge ahụ, e nwere otu òtù ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. The Central Committee nke National Nche n'okpuru nwa bụ n'ezie ndị mmadụ ike.

Ọnọdụ nke na oyi na isi obodo

Low-ego ndị bi nọchibidoro Paris diri agụụ na oyi na-atụ oyi. Ọzọkwa, isi obodo shelling bụ Prussian. Nri ọjọọ. Dị ka ụfọdụ atụmatụ ndị Paris rie puku mmadụ iri anọ ịnyịnya. Nnukwu ichekwa ego na ha na-akwụ ụgwọ maka oke, nwamba na nkịta. Nkịtị nri kwa ụbọchị bụ 50 grams anụ anyịnya, na 300 grams nke ogbenye mma achịcha si oat na osikapa. Nnukwu queues nọ na-eme bred. Matured nsogbu, a ọnọdụ na nke mgbanwe bụ apụghị izere ezere.

Nga revolutionary ọnọdụ ghọrọ na Paris. A. Thiers kpebiri mgbe gbapụ National Nche ike nke ogwe aka, Central kọmitii e jidere ya, banye a ikpeazụ udo na Bismarck, wee weghachi onyeeze. Na Bordeaux, ọ kpọkọrọ a mgbakọ mba ahụ, bụ nke a na kwagara Versailles.

Mgbanwe Division Versailles na n'akụkụ nke ndị nnupụisi

Government agha ke 1871, n'abalị on March 18, jisiri weghara fọrọ nke nta niile dị na elu nke Montmartre ogbunigwe. The ndị Paris bilie na anya. N'oge na-adịghị, ndị nnupụisi gafere fọrọ nke nta dum nkewa nke Versailles. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị bụrụkwa ihe ndị mere proletarian mgbanwe. The battalions nke National Nche na iwu nke Central Committee were ozi ụlọ ahụ, ogige ndị uwe ojii, na n'ọdụ ụgbọ okporo ígwè. N'elu ụlọ ezumezu obodo na mgbede na March 19, kowe uhie ọkọlọtọ. N'ihi ya bilie na Paris mmekota (ụbọchị - 18/03/1871) - The proletarian ala, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ngwa nke ọchịchị aka ike nke na-arụ ọrụ. Ọ kere naanị 72 ụbọchị. Otú ọ dị, akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Paris agaghị na-enweghị omume, nke jupụtara a.

Mkpọsa nke Central Committee nke National Nche ndị

The Central Committee nke National Nche na otu ụbọchị agbala-akpali ndị France, na nke o kwupụtara olileanya na isi obodo ga-a nlereanya nke e guzobere ọhụrụ Republic. Filmed nnọchibido na akaghi aka. Ya kwuru na adreesị ndị nche na ike nke Central Committee arụkwaghịm, n'ihi na ha achọghị ẹkemụm ebe ndị na-amaja dị nnọọ ka oké ifufe nke iwe nke ndị mmadụ. The ndú nke nsogbu n'onwe ya na-adịghị ọbụna mara ọkwa site obere ọchịchị. Ha agaghị anwa anwa na-zuru ike.

Elections na mmekota

CC kama hazie njem ka Versailles, m malitere ịkwadebe ntuli aka na mmekota. Ma ọ dịghị ekenịmde ifịk ọha n'ịrịọ maka-aga ime nke na-arụ ọrụ. N'ihi ya ụzọ furu efu oge. Na-egbu egbu na ya pụta nwere egwu ebubo ike usurpation. nsogbu a na-akwado na ọtụtụ ngalaba nke France na isi obodo, ma n'ihi enweghị ịdị n'otu nke ihe nke na-achị party bụghị e ruru.

On March 26, ntuli aka na-ẹkenịmde ke Council nke mmekota, bụ ikike kasị ukwuu. Nanị 25 oche ya wee si 86. The ike nke na-arụ ọrụ were ohu na ụbụrụ na-aghọ. The unit nke Paris mmekota e nwetara dị ka a ụdị ike isi eziokwu na-aghọta n'ụzọ zuru ezu dị ka o kwere omume na amamihe aga-eme setịpụrụ n'ezie ihe omume.

Ọ bụghị naanị na mkpebi e mere site na mmekota Council. Ha na-ha bara uru, mmejuputa iwu. Tutu amama otú dị iche iche na oru nakwa dị ka nkewa nke ike. Council mmekota 10 kọmitii si n'etiti ndị òtù ya họrọ, maka akụkụ dị iche iche nke ọha mmadụ.

agha

The Paris mmekota, dị ka oge nke ndị Jacobin ọchịchị aka ike, dabeere na ngwá agha ndị mmadụ. Na ọtụtụ distrikti nke isi obodo mgbe March 18 uwe ojii dochie na National Nche, ya idobere battalion.

The iwu nke March 29, 1871 nwekwara kagburu conscription na kwuru na ụmụ amaala na ndị kwesịrị ekwesị na ọrụ ahụ na-gụnyere ke National Nche.

Omume Versailles Government

Ezobe na Paris mmekota ka iro niile na-esi na-agba iji disorganize ndụ nke isi obodo, siere ọnọdụ nke mmekota na otú mee ngwangwa mbibi ya. Dị ka ihe atụ, ọ bụ sabotaji ọrụ nke ọchịchị na ala oru, nke haziri Versailles ọchịchị. Mmekota nke March 29 kpebiri na iwu na ya iwu ukwuu iwu ike na-adịghị na na bụ isiokwu ozugbo mgbasa ọrụ ndị bu n'obi na-eleghara a na-achị.

N'ụbọchị ndị mbụ mgbe ihe ndị March 18 ghọrọ obi ọjọọ megide ike na ike nke bourgeois pịa. Ọ malitere eweda ndị ndú nke Paris mmekota, igbari na ha adreesị obi fabrications. CC, wee obodo rụrụ a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke omume megide ndị a jikoro. Naanị banyere 30 Paris akwụkwọ akụkọ na magazin e mechiri n'oge ịdị adị nke mmekota.

Iwu nke April 2,

The akụkọ ihe mere eme nke Paris na 1871 ji a usoro nke dị ịrịba ama mere. April 2 kpebiri isere Thiers, nakwa dị ka ise òtù nke Versailles ọchịchị na akaụntụ. Ha e boro ebubo na unleashing agha obodo, na-ahazi ihe agha na isi obodo. Omume na égbè ndị mkpọrọ na April 5th mmekota nyere iwu na ndi edoro na mbe. Dị ka ya, ọ bụla onye e boro ebubo na nke abụkwa na ndị ọchịchị na-na Versailles, ijide ya. Iwu egwu ogbugbu nke atọ edoro na mbe bụla shot Communards.

Ọtụtụ narị ndị mmadụ e jidere na ndabere nke a iwu. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha bụ Bonzhan, a mbụ senator, Darbua, Akwa Bishop Zhekker, nnukwu onye oru banki, na otu ìgwè nke ndị uwe ojii, ndị nchụàjà na ndị ọchịchị. N'oge nke égbè ndị mkpọrọ na-amanye kwụsịtụ Versailles. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ bịara doo anya na ogbugbu nke edoro na mbe mmekota bụ na ọ dịghị ọsọ ọsọ, maliteghachiri igbu ndị mkpọrọ federates. Government isi n'ụzọ doro anya enweghị nghọta na mkpa nke ada megide klas iro. Lenin, na-enyocha ihe mere maka odida nke Paris mmekota, kwuru na ọ bụ ezughị ike etinyere na-ebelata-eguzogide ndị agha.

N'agbanyeghị eziokwu na on May 28, mgbanwe e meriri, na-ahụ n'ụwa taa, ọtụtụ ndị na-eme ememe na Day nke Paris mmekota. Ọ bụ ihe nnọchianya nke mmeri nke proletariat na-alụ maka ike. Kwa France maara na na March 18 - Day nke Paris mmekota. Nke a ụbọchị we rida na akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka mmezu nke mbụ na ụwa proletarian mgbanwe.