Desert: nsogbu gburugburu ebe obibi, na ndụ nke desert

Desert - akọrọ ohere na a elu okpomọkụ arụmọrụ na ala iru mmiri. Researchers kwere ahụ n'ebe ndị na-ala ala n'ókèala yiri ụgha. Ọdịdị mbara ala na ndị ọkà na-ekwu na nnọọ desert - a bụ isi na gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu nke ụwa, ma ọ bụ kama ozara. Ya mere anyị na-akpọ ọnwụ nke eke ahịhịa mgbagwoju mgbe nile, enweghi nke eke mgbake enweghị mmadụ aka. Ka anyị chọpụta ihe na ókèala desert na map. Environmental nsogbu nke eke ebe ga iwunye ozugbo metụtara ụmụ mmadụ anya.

Country ala yiri ụgha

Kasị dryland ebe nke ụwa bụ na ogbe, ha na-enweta site 0 250 mm nke mmiri ozuzo kwa afọ. Evaporation a ugboro iri elu karịa ego nke ọdịda. Ọtụtụ mgbe idebe adịghị eru ụwa elu, ọ anwụ na-amịrị na ikuku. Na nkume Gobi na na Central Asia oyi okpomọkụ n'okpuru 0 Celsius C. A ịrịba njupụta - a mara mma nke ihu igwe nke desert. N'oge ehihie, ọ pụrụ ịbụ 25-30 ° C, na Sahara esịmde 40-45 Celsius C. Ọzọ obodo yiri ụgha desat nke Earth:

• ọdịda enweghị wetting ala;
• ájá oké ifufe na vortices miri-ozuzo;
• undrained ọdọ mmiri na elu nnu ọdịnaya;
• isi mmalite na-efu na ájá, ọ naghị enye ịrị elu iyi;
• River enweghị ọnụ, ala akọrọ na ala kpọrọ nkụ nke osimiri ìgwè ke Delta;
• meandering ọdọ mmiri na-agbanwe mgbe nile coastlines;
• osisi, osisi na herbs na-enweghị epupụta, ma na ogwu.

The kasị desert na ụwa

Sara Mbara ebe ndebe ndebe ahịhịa e ekewet n'ime obodo ebe nke planet. Ọ na-adịkwaghị osisi, osisi na herbs na-enweghị epupụta ma ọ bụ ọ ahịhịa, nke na-egosipụta na okwu bụ "desert" n'onwe ya. Photos agba na isiokwu, nye ihe echiche nke aka ike ọnọdụ nke akọrọ ebe. The map na-egosi na desert dị na Northern na Southern ammamihe na-ekpo ọkụ climates. Naanị na Central Asia, a eke ebe dị na ọnọdụ mpaghara, ruo 50 Celsius C. w. Nnukwu desert nke ụwa:

• Sahara, Libyan, Kalahari na Namib na Africa;
• Monte, Patagonian na Atacama na South America;
• Great Sandy na Victoria na Australia;
• Arabian, Gobi, Siria, Ete Al Khali desert, na Karakum, Kyzylkum na Eurasia.

Ebe ndị dị otú dị ka ọkara desert na desert, na ụwa map dị ka a dum na-ahụ site na 17 ruo 25% nke ngụkọta ala ebe nke ụwa, na Africa na Australia - 40% nke ebe.

Oké ọkọchị na seaside

The pụrụ iche na ọnọdụ nke ndị e ji mara nke Atacama Desert na Namibia. Ndị a na-adịghị ndụ kpọrọ nkụ Okirikiri bụ na osimiri! The Atacama Desert emi odude ke n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ nke South America, gbara ya gburugburu nkume ọnụ ọnụ nke Andes ugwu usoro, emi esịmde a dị elu nke n'elu 6.500 m. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ-na-asa site na Pacific Ocean na ya oyi Peruvian ugbu a.

Atacama - ada desert, ebe a akara ndekọ ala mmiri ozuzo - 0 mm. Light mmiri ozuzo na-eme ozugbo ọ bụla afọ ole na ole, ma n'oge oyi, na-eru mists si osimiri. Na nke a kpọrọ nkụ region bụ n'ụlọ ka banyere 1 nde mmadụ. Ndị bi na aku anụmanụ husbandry: gburugburu ịta ahịhịa na ala ahịhịa juru, niile elu desert. Photos ke ibuotikọ enye otu echiche nke ndị aka ike Okirikiri nke Atacama.

Types of desat (gburugburu ebe obibi nhazi ọkwa)

1. Kpọrọ nkụ - mpaghara ụdị, e ji mara nke ebe okpomọkụ na subtropical zones. The idụhe ke mpaghara ebe a bụ na-ekpo ọkụ ma na akọrọ.
2. Anthropogenic - bụ n'ihi nke kpọmkwem ma ọ bụ anọ mmadụ mmetụta na okike. E nwere a nchepụta nke na-akọwa na nke a bụ desert, na gburugburu ebe obibi nsogbu na na-metụtara ya ndọtị. Na ihe niile a na-kpatara ọrụ nke ndị bi na.
3. Bi - ebe nke e nwere na-adịgide adịgide bi. E n'ụzọ osimiri, oases, nke na-guzobere ebe ala.
4. Industrial - ebe nnọọ ogbenye ahịhịa cover na anụ ọhịa, na nke e mere site ulo oru ọrụ na a mebiri nke eke gburugburu ebe obibi.
5. Arctic - snowy na oké expanses na elu latitudes.

Ebe obibi nsogbu nke ọzara na ọkara desat na n'ebe ugwu na na ogbe ndị yiri n'ọtụtụ ụzọ: n'ihi na ihe atụ, e nwere ụkọ nke mmiri ozuzo, nke bụ a na ịmachi ihe na osisi ndụ. Ma oké mbara Arctic e ji nnọọ ala okpomọkụ.

Ozara - ọnwụ nke a na-aga n'ihu ahịhịa cover

Banyere 150 afọ gara aga, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị kwuru na-abawanye na mpaghara nke Sahara. Archaeological gwupụtara na paleontological ọmụmụ gosiri na ọ na-adịghị mgbe niile nnọọ desert nọ n'ógbè. Environmental nsogbu mgbe a na-akpọ "shrinking" nke Sahara. Ya mere, na XI narị afọ, agriculture na North Africa nwere ike obibi ruo 21 Celsius ohere. N'ihi na narị afọ asaa na ugwu ókè nke agriculture kpaliri ndịda nke 17 yiri, na XXI narị afọ gbanwere ọbụna n'ihu. Gịnị bụ ala ọzara? Ụfọdụ na-eme nnyocha na-akọwa usoro na Africa "ihicha elu" nke ihu igwe na ndị ọzọ mmegharị ájá, na-ero ụra Oasis. The ụjọ bụ ọrụ nke Stebbing "Desert, kere mmadụ", wepụtara na 1938. Na-ede na-enye ihe ọmụma banyere ọganihu nke Sahara nke dị n'ebe ndịda na kọwara onu nke na-ekwesịghị ịdị ugbo, karịsịa anụ ụlọ nzọda ahịhịa ahịhịa, unsustainable ugbo usoro.

Mmadụ mere akpata ozara

N'ihi ya, ije nke ájá na Sahara Research, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị chọpụtara na n'oge Agha Ụwa Mbụ, na ebe nke ala ubi na anụ ụlọ nke ehi mgbada n'usoro. Osisi na achara na, mgbe ahụ, pụtaghachi, nke na-alaghachi azụ desert! Environmental nsogbu na-now nọrọkwa na fọrọ nke nta ezu enweghị ikpe nke ókèala napụrụ ugbo ojiji maka ha eke imu. Rụrụ reclamation eme ihe na reclamation na obere square.

Ozara na-eme mmadụ ọrụ, na-akpata nke "shrinkage" bụghị ihu igwe na anthropogenic jikọtara ihe gabiga ókè-erigbu ịta ahịhịa, oké mmepe nke ụzọ ewu na unsustainable agriculture. Ozara n'okpuru nduzi nke eke ihe ndị nwere ike ime na ókè nke ẹdude kpọrọ nkụ ebe, ma ihe na-erughị n'okpuru nduzi nke mmadụ na-eme. The isi na-akpatara ndị anthropogenic ozara:

• egwupụta oghe olulu (agbari okwute);
• na-ata nri na-enweghị eweghachiri arụpụtaghị ịta ahịhịa;
• aghara-aghara nke ọhịa ila, ala mkwado;
• ekwesịghị ịdị na mmiri (mmiri);
• ike nke mmiri na ifufe ozize:
• agwụ ọdọ, dị ka ọ na ofufe nke Aral Sea na Central Asia.

Ebe obibi nsogbu nke ọzara na ọkara desat (ndepụta)

1. Enweghị mmiri - isi ihe na-enwekwu ndị na-vulnerability nke desert Okirikiri. Strong evaporation na ájá oké ifufe na-edu gụkwuo umuihe na ozize keokere Ona.
2. Ịtọ ụtọ - ụba ọdịnaya nke soluble salts, nnu marshes, na guzobe solonetzes fọrọ unusable maka osisi.
3. Ájá na ájá oké ifufe - Air eruba ebili si ụwa elu a dị ịrịba ego nke ezi irighiri. On ifufe na-eburu nnu ala opitoropi nnu. Ọ bụrụ na ájá na ụrọ na-aka mma na ígwè ogige, mgbe ahụ, e nwere odo-agba aja aja na-acha uhie uhie na ájá oké ifufe. Ha nwere ike ikpuchi ọtụtụ narị ma ọ bụ ọtụtụ puku square kilomita.
4. "Ekwensu nke Desert" - uzuzu uzuzu ájá aja n'ekueku, adahade n'ime ikuku a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ nke obere mpekere ka a elu nke ọtụtụ iri puku kwuru iri mita. Aja okporo osisi ndị na-ahụ n'elu nke ndọtị. Ha si dị iche na enwekarị oké ifufe enweghị cumulus ígwé ojii na-ebu mmiri ozuzo.
5. Ájá nnukwu efere - otu ebe e nwere a kpata ajọ ozize dị ka a n'ihi nke oké ọkọchị na-achịkwaghị achịkwa na-akọ ubi ruo n'ala.
6. Karịrị akarị n'ụlọikpe, n'efu ìgwè - mpụga eke gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe na ruo ogologo oge na-adịghị na-amalite irekasị ma ọ bụ hapụ nsi.
7. Nrigbu na mmetọ nke mmadụ na Ngwuputa arụmọrụ, mmepe nke anụmanụ husbandry, iga na njem.
8. Ibenata mmasi na ebe ji site desert osisi, Mbelata nke fauna. Loss nke biodiversity.

Ibi Desert. Osisi na Animals

Aka ike ọnọdụ, mmachi mmiri na ego na-àgà desert odida obodo gbanwere mgbe mmiri ozuzo. Ọtụtụ succulents, cacti, na Jade e.g., ike banye na-echekwa ibikwa mmiri na ị ga na epupụta. Xeromorphic osisi ndị ọzọ dị ka saxaul na wormwood, ịzụlite ogologo mgbọrọgwụ na iru aquifer. Animals nwere emegharị ha aka inweta ihe ndị dị mkpa mmiri si nri. Ọtụtụ fauna Switched nocturnal zere ekpo oke ọkụ.

The gburugburu ụwa, desert akpan akpan, na-enwe ndị na-ezighị ezi mmetụta nke ndị bi na-eme. Bụ mbibi nke ndị na eke na gburugburu ebe obibi, dị ka a n'ihi nke nwoke ahụ n'onwe ya ike na-enweta onyinye nke okike. Mgbe ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi ida ha na mbụ ebe obibi, ọ na-nwere a ezighị ezi mmetụta na ndụ ndị mmadụ.