Design, ewu, echichi nke utilities. Utilities - ya ...

Utilities - nke a bụ a dị iche iche ụdị usoro, mma bi na obodo ụlọ na ụlọ. Nọkwasịrị n'ịnyịnya na ngwá ọrụ nke ụdị na-na ụlọ ahịa, ụlọ ọrụ, ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ogige na na. D. The nzukọ nile ụdị utilities achọ echiche atụmatụ na idebe ụfọdụ teknụzụ maka arịọnụ.

Types of utilities

Ụdị ngwá ọrụ nke ụdị, e nwere ọtụtụ. Utilities - bụ, nke mbụ:

• kpo oku;
• Sewerage;
• ventilashion usoro;
• mains;
• gas ọkọnọ;
• usoro nke na-ekpo ọkụ na mmiri oyi.

imewe

Construction engineering ọrụ na-amalite na mmepe nke zuru ezu wiring osise nke ihe ndị bụ isi ihe na oke nke akụrụngwa, ndị dị mkpa arụmọrụ. Weere na netwọk na-ebikwasị oru ngo na atụmatụ na ije nke ụlọ. Ndị nwe nke nnukwu ụlọ na-na-e kenyere na-arụ ọrụ na mmepe nke atụmatụ ọkachamara. N'ihi na a obere residential ụlọ, dị ka a n'oge okpomọkụ obi, ngo nwere ike ime ka ha onwe ha. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ọ dị mkpa ka a tụlee mmepe nke ụkpụrụ kwuru SNIP, na-rube isi na ọkụ nchekwa iwu.

Ijikọ ike

Dị otú ahụ utilities - bụ ihe ejikọ na a mba ụlọ ma ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla ọzọ ụlọ ke akpa itie. Na obere osisi-ejikarị otu-adọ mains. The cottages jikọọ atọ-adọ. Wires ịgbatị si kacha nso ike nnyefe akara osisi na a elu nke na-erughị 2,75 m n'elu ala (na walkways - 3.5 m). Na-ewu ha osisi trubostoyke site n'elu ụlọ n'ala. Mgbe ụfọdụ ọzọ na-eji a adịgboroja post. Site ụlọ ụlọ ndị wires na-wetara pụrụ iche ọkụ na-eguzogide cable ducts.

Kpo oku na Ịme Plọmba

Na-aṅụ mmiri na-enye ụlọ, na-emekarị site na-egwu ala olulu mmiri, submersible mgbapụta na gaskets okporo ụzọ awara awara. Heating atụmatụ na-agụnye a ji esi mmiri ọkụ nke nwere ike ịbụ a gas, siri ike mmanụ ụgbọala, dizel ma ọ bụ eletriki, radiators, ọkpọkọ. Na-na nzukọ utilities a umu-eji na mgbasa tank, nchekwa otu, ekesa mgbapụta na dị iche iche na valves.

DHW na a onwe home nwere ike haziri n'out oge na kpo oku usoro. Na nke a, ka double- ji esi mmiri ọkụ. Nwụnye nke utilities na otu a bụ dị ka ndị:

1. On ogige nke ụlọ a rụrụ akara.
2. Jikọọ radiators.
3. Wụnye nchekwa otu ke esenyịn anwụrụ na ozugbo visiniti nke ji esi mmiri ọkụ.
4. On nloghachi anwụrụ na-n'ịnyịnya ihe mgbasa tank na a na-ekesa mgbapụta.
5. Jikọọ anwụrụ na ji esi mmiri ọkụ.
6. Jikọọ reverse nri anwụrụ usoro na mmiri ọkụ.
7. Lelee na ngwá ọrụ.

Gas ọkọnọ ụlọ

Nri, nakwa dị ka boilers na mmiri heaters, na-arụ ọrụ na-acha anụnụ anụnụ na mmanụ ụgbọala, jikọọ na mains naanị na ikike nke iche na otu. Otu na-aga n'ihi na gas tankị. Iji a cylinder na gasị gas afụnwu ọkụ nwere ike mmasị na-enweghị tupu nchikota. na okporo ụzọ na gas tankị Connection nwekwara nri na-emepụta naanị ikikere ọkachamara. gas n'ụlọ wiring eri na-adabere n'ụzọ dị ukwuu na nso conduit na-centralized site na ya. The otu na-emetụta ndị gas tank. Otú ọ dị, na nke ikpeazụ a, ndị nwe mkpa iji kwụọ ụgwọ maka onwe ya, na nke a ike (banyere 60 puku. Ruble).

Sewerage ụlọ: imewe na nwụnye

Nke a na ụdị utilities na nso nso-anakọtara dị ka n'ebe obibi na mba ụlọ. The isi mmiri nke siwa usoro bụ:

• septic tank ma ọ bụ cesspool;
• conduit;
• Ịme Plọmba fixtures na ulo;
• wiring usoro.

Septic tank arụnyere na a olulu, gwuru na a anya nke bụghị ihe na-erughị 5 m n'ụlọ. Design utilities nke ụdị a rụrụ-ewere n'ime akaụntụ eziokwu na si riser anwụrụ n'ime cesspool ga-nwetara na a grajentị nke 2-3 cm na 1 S / m na miri dọrọ n'okpuru omimi nke ala kefriza. Na mpe mpe akwa ụzọ otú ahụ dum ogologo nke akara e ikpere ewekarị na nnukwu n'akuku.

Dị ka riser n'ebe obibi ndị na-emekarị na-eji anwụrụ dayameta nke 110 mm. Ụlọ mposi dị na ozugbo gburugburu. The ime ebe ọ ga-arụnyere, nke ukwuu likelihood nke blockages. Ụlọ ịwụ sink na jikọọ na riser abụkarị site a ịnyara anwụ. All setịrị na ulo na-emechi site na pụrụ iche anwụrụ ji achọ plastic igbe.

ventilashion usoro

Dị otú ahụ utilities ewu na-adịbeghị anya na-esiwanye na-ewu ewu. N'ihi na ọbụna obere mba ụlọ a na sealable plastic windo na oge a ụzọ, echichi nke ventilashion systems - ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe ngwa ngwa mkpa. Ọtụtụ mgbe na obodo ụlọ ka ọkọnọ na iyuzucha ngwá ọrụ nke ụdị. Ọ na-n'ịnyịnya dị ka ndị a:

• Na n'uko ma ọ bụ ke Re bụ ikuku njikwa unit. Ọtụtụ mgbe ọ na-gbakwunyere na okpomọkụ mgbake, ikwe ịzọpụta na kpo oku.
• Bred na ogige ducts. N'oghere mgbidi emechi ji achọ grilles. Na n'èzí inflow anwụrụ a na-etinye n'ime ọjà site na mgbidi. The igbapu na-emekarị egosipụta na ụlọ.

Mgbe ụfọdụ oge a ventilashion usoro na-gbakwunyere site iche iche iche iche nke ngwá, nke enwekwu na nkasi obi nke bi na ulo. Ọ nwere ike, n'ihi na ihe atụ, wuru na-ntụ oyi ma ọ bụ ikuku humidifiers.

Utilities - bụ ya mere oké egwu usoro, ndụ ntụsara, na-enweghị a ala ụlọ bụ nanị agaghị ekwe omume. Design na echichi nke ndị dị otú ahụ akụrụngwa - ọ dị ezigbo mkpa. Ime ihe ọ bụla njehie nwere ike ịbụ na arụmọrụ nke ndị a arụmọrụ. Nke a nwere ike imetụta ọ bụghị nanị na na mma, ma na-iru ala n'ụlọ ọnụnọ. The obere mba ụlọ isi nkwukọrịta echichi nwere ike rụrụ site n'aka. Akwado nke nnukwu ụlọ ka mma na-enyefe a ọrụ ọkachamara.