Ebe bụ mammoth Cave - fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ọgba na ụwa?

Mgbe anyị na-ekwu "mammoth Cave", i nwere ike ọ gaghị enyere were fossilized foduru nke Ice Age Refeyim bụ onye chọtara ndị ọsụ ụzọ na ala Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze. N'ezie, English okwu mammoth bụ "nnukwu". Ya mere, ọgba nwere ihe ọ bụla na-eme na mammoth. O sina dị, ọ dị oké na-akpali akpali ileta. Nke a bụ ihe ịtụnanya na nzuzo ụwa esịnede ibu Ụlọ Nzukọ, ogologo gafee, branched veranda. Ebe osimiri na-asọ, oké ụzụ waterfalls, e nwere a ọdọ. The mammoth Cave na-hụrụ pụrụ iche fauna - eyeless oporo, ndị ìsì azụ. Nke a na nzuzo labyrinth ka ghọtara. N'oge, anyị nwere ike ikwu banyere ndị na narị ise na iri asatọ na asaa kilomita n'ogologo. Na nke a-awụ akpata oyi na ọnụ ọgụgụ na-egosiputa mammoth Cave na-adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ isi fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ ala veranda. Ma na onye ọ bụla na-agafe afọ cavers achọpụta ọhụrụ amaokwu na Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na! Banyere ebube nke ifo, na-agụ isiokwu a.

Ebe bụ mammoth Cave

Dabere na nnukwu n'ókè nke ala veranda, anyị nwere ike ikwu na ha gbatịa n'okpuru dum Ridge ọmụ Ridge (ọmụ Ridge) na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ spurs nke Appalachian Ugwu. Mammoth Cave nwere ọtụtụ exits ka elu. Na na mbụ e kweere na Crystal, nnu, na-amaghị - ụfọdụ n'ime ala usoro. Otú ọ dị Speleological ọmụmụ ekenịmde ke n'etiti ikpeazụ nke narị afọ, ndị achọpụtala na ha na-niile ejikọrọ na mammoth. Na 1972, ihe njem nke ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị achoputala a akụkụ nke nnukwu usoro nke ala veranda Fisher Ridge. Chief, ukara na ọnụ ụzọ na-emi odude na nso nso obodo Brownsville (Kentucky, USA). Eighty kilomita efep bụ obodo nke Bowling Green, onye ya na ndị ọgba jikọọ na okporo ụzọ 31E, 31W na I-65. The kacha nso ọdụ ụgbọelu na-dị na Indianapolis, na Nashville.

uru

Kemgbe ahụ, ndị ọkà mmụta sayensị ike a njikọ n'etiti ala veranda n'okpuru riiji Fisher na nkume siri ike, mammoth Cave ghọrọ ụwa fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ. Dabere na nke a, na UNESCO na 1981 gụnyere ya na ya ndepụta nke eke World Heritage saịtị (na nọmba 150). Ọ bụrụ na ị jikọọ n'ọgba, bi abụọ na nke atọ fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ na ụwa, na mgbe ahụ ka mammoth ga-aba karịa ka ọ dị na otu narị na iri isii kilomita. Eze, ọ bụ ihe magburu onwe e kere eke nke uwa akpọ mammoth-ọmụ Ridge Cave System. Ọ nwere ike na-sụgharịrị dị ka "Giant ọgba usoro n'okpuru riiji ọmụ." Ma, ọ bụghị naanị n'ihi na nke a hà ebe a gara njem nleta. Mammoth Cave (foto a show) bụ otú iju ya ọbịa. Ebe a mummified ahu hụrụ na ihe Indian, bụ onye nwụrụ ka puku afọ abụọ gara aga mgbe na mmepụta nke gypsum. N'ihi na pụrụ iche microclimate na enweghị bacteria na ikuku na uwe zuru okè ẹnịm cadaver anụ ahụ. Anyị ekwuola banyere ihe omimi bi eyeless ala osimiri Echo na Styx. Ọkà mmụta sayensị ike ma na-agụnye ndị a kere eke ọ bụla mara ụdị nke azụ. Around mammoth Cave National Park e guzobere iji chebe pristine ọdịdị na ndị bi na nke ụsụ.

Olee otú e si n'ọgba usoro

Tupu mgbe ahụ, na saịtị nke oge a na steeti Kentucky nāra miri-emighị emi ma na-ekpo ọkụ oké osimiri. Ọtụtụ nde mollusks ndụ ma nwụọ n'ime mmiri, ha na shells miri dị na ala, crumble, enwe n'okpuru ibu arọ nke ndị ọzọ. Nke a bụ otú ike na nkume nzu guzobere. Mgbe oké osimiri ahụ malitere laa azụ, na-eme a n'obosara na waterproof oyi akwa nke sandstone Big Clift. Iri nde afọ gara aga, ọ malitere karsting nkume nzu usoro. Sandstone mere ka a cover: o kweghị ka mmiri ozuzo mmiri asa ahụ na-nzu n'elu. na nkume nzu washout ada itie ke ngiri-afọ nke uwa mmiri nke oge ochie ala osimiri. Ya mere, mammoth Cave bụkwa na-akpali na e nwere obere typical abaitiat formations - stalactites na stalagmites. Naanị n'ebe ụfọdụ, mmiri ozuzo gbapuru exits na n'elu ụwa, na leaked site sandstone, kere ụlọ "Oyi kpọnwụrụ Niagara" na ndị ọzọ.

Nke oghere nke ọgba

Dị ka isi n'ọnụ ụzọ, dị ka nke ọma dị ka ndị ọzọ oghere a na-na mbụ atụle lazami na ụfọdụ abaitiat, ọ dịwo anya maara na obodo India. Nke a na-ìhè site onye ili na ozu nke ndị nwụrụ anwụ na ọgbaa ọkụ bundles nke ahịhịa amị, nke na-eme nnyocha na-eji dị ka a oge ochie ọwa. Mama getter plaster, gburu ise ton nkume, hụrụ ise kilomita efep n'ọnụ ụzọ. Ma n'etiti Europe mammoth Cave ọ bịara mara naanị na 1797, na mgbe ahụ bụ naanị site na mberede. Abụọ dinta na-achụ nke a merụọ grizzly hụrụ nnukwu input n'ime ngiri-afọ nke ụwa.

Ebe nitrate mmepụta na obodo ịrịba ama

Uchu colonists ozugbo hụrụ ya mee ihe ọ chọpụtara. First nwe, B. Simon, nwetara ebe a potassium nitrate na ọgaranya, n'ihi na mgbe ahụ, e nwere a agha na England. Na peacetime, mgbe ina emejupụta a akụrụngwa nke gunpowder dara, ndị ọgba aghọwo a local mma. Dị nnọọ mgbe ahụ, ọ chọpụtara na Mama nke India. Ịraba ole na ole ọbịa n'ọgba, ya onye nwe ya, F. Gorin na 1838 họpụtara ndu ohu ya, Stephen Bishop. Ọ bụ nwoke anyị ga-akpa map nke ala labyrinth. Bishop jisiri site "olulu" na-ahụ na mammoth Cave, ogologo nke ahụ na-atụle ga-16 kilomita, ọtụtụ ogologo - 40 km. Nke a ndu-orù wee na ọtụtụ aha Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na veranda, nke na-ugbu a na-eji oge a na nduzi.

Sanatorium, mba park

Dzh.Kogan zụtara n'ọgba n'ime bargain Bishop si mbụ nwe na kpebiri melite na ngiri-afọ-nke ụwa sanatorium maka consumptive. Ọrịa anaghị abịa nke ukwuu, ma jiri nwayọọ nwayọọ na-ewu ewu na nke mammoth Cave ka a njegharị mma nke ala. Na 30s nke ikpeazụ nke narị afọ site ndị obodo nke ịgba akwụkwọ mere nkewapụ nke ala gburugburu n'ọnụ ụzọ na ụmụ Kogan. Na 1941, e nwere mammoth Cave National Park - «mammoth Cave - National Park".

mmụta

Kwa afọ, ọgba a gara banyere 500 puku ndị njem nleta. The management nke National Park awade ọbịa ọtụtụ ụdị nke mmụta, dị iche iche na oge, na-eri, ogologo nke ụzọ na ya mgbagwoju. Ahịa na-amalite na anọ dollar (mmalite awa Tour). Karịsịa ewu ewu isii hour njem (12 USD). Njem nleta na-eji Cleveland Avenue, onye mgbidi itike si gypsum. Mgbe ndị njem nwere a aru na "Isiokwu Snowman." The ụzọ agabiga a warara na miri akpiri Boone Avenue na-agwụ na a ulo "Oyi kpọnwụrụ Niagara." Ọkụ ụzọ niile a tour eletriki. Ma i nwere ike ịmụta otú anya mammoth Cave na mbụ, mgbe ọ na-enyocha ndị ọsụ ụzọ. Iji mee nke a, na e nwere ndị a ole na ole "anụ" tours (46 USD). Visitors e nyere okpu agha, ọwa, na ha na-aga site na maze nke ala Ụlọ Nzukọ Alaeze na veranda, nke mgbe ụfọdụ nwere ịrị n'ájá.