Ebe mmanụ nkwụ na-etolite?

Ọtụtụ ndị mmadụ mara banyere ịdị adị nke a palm mmanụ. Taa ọ bụ onye nke kasị eji na-ahụkarị ndị herbal ngwaahịa n'ụwa nile. Isiokwu a ga-ele anya na ụfọdụ ajụjụ banyere nke a ọchịchọ ịmata osisi na osisi, na-enye a dị mkpa ngwaahịa a: ihe mmanụ nkwụ, nke na-etolite na otú pụta.

Mbụ, m chọrọ iji mara na nke mbụ nkọwa nke a osisi, yiri mmanụ nkwụ, e mere site na aha nke Venetian Alvise da Mosto Cada na XV narị afọ. Nke a ọkà mmụta sayensị na-eme nnyocha na West Africa.

Ihe karịrị afọ 50 gara aga, mkpụrụ nke palm oilseed abịa a ogologo ụzọ ọnụ na ohu gafee Atlantic Ocean, mgbe nke mmanụ aghọwo otú jupụtara n'ụwa.

E nwere agwaetiti Solomon (South-West Pacific), ebe ị pụrụ ịhụ-adịghị agwụ agwụ ahịrị nkwụ, nke mkpụrụ ya mmanụ na-emepụta.

Oil palm: photos, nkọwa

Nke a na osisi ezinụlọ palm na otu onye nke umu mmanụ nkwụ.

Na ọhịa na-eto eto ụdị, na ọ bụ nnukwu osisi onye elu nwere ike iru 20 ruo 30 mita, ma na a omenala na-esiwanye na-etolite site 10 ruo 15 mita. Isi ogwe nke nkwụ na 4-6 naanị na-egosi na n'afọ mbụ nke ndụ, na na ndò (n'okpuru kanopi) - na na 15-20 afọ. Toro osisi ogwe nwere a dayameta nke 25 sentimita.

nkwụ mgbọrọgwụ usoro bụ nnọọ dị ike, ma ya emee, dị ka a na-achị, ọ bụghị ezigbo omimi. Tozuru okè osisi nwere azuokokoosisi bases nwere ọtụtụ inyịme mpụta adventitious mgbọrọgwụ. Ụfọdụ osisi nwere oké ejiji ekpuchi ogwe ruo a elu nke 1 mita.

The epupụta nkwụ ogologo (ruo 7 mita), nnukwu na feathery. Na okenye osisi na okpueze nwere ike gua 20-40 iberibe. Ma onye ọ bụla afọ na n'ọbụ aka anwụ na 25 epupụta, ọhụrụ dochie. Large aja aja spines ekpuchi akwukwo okporo.

E wezụga nke niile dị n'elu, ọ bụ nnọọ mara mma ma na ebube anya, a dị ịtụnanya mmanụ nkwụ.

mkpụrụ

Nke a bụ a nkịtị drupe size of a ụbọchị. Oval mkpụrụ nke mmanụ palm n'elu ntekwasa fibrous pericarp, na n'ime nke a na-emi odude na pulp nwere mmanụ. N'okpuru a pulp kpuchie a pụtara siri ike ukpa shei, n'ime nke - na isi (ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ). Nke ikpeazụ mejupụtara tumadi nke endosperm, ẹmbrayo na nkpuru bụ obere.

Oil palm (foto na n'elu nke mkpụrụ) bụ a nnukwu ọnụ ọgụgụ drupes. Uka nke ọ bụla nke bụ 55-100 g na-anakọtara na paniculate inflorescences nwere a ngụkọta nke si 1300 na 2300 ụmụaka ebu n'afọ.

njirimara mmanụ

Palm mmanụ na-emepụta si mkpụrụ pulp. Ya na agba nwere ike ịdị iche iche site ọchịchịrị edo edo ka ọchịchịrị red shades, ọ na-bụ-eji dị ka a mmanu na usoro maka mmepụta nke ncha.

Palm kernel mmanụ na-emepụta si ndụ nke mkpụrụ nkwụ. Dị ka ya Njirimara na mejupụtara yiri aki oyibo na a na-eji kama.

Ọ bụ ezie na nke a mmanụ nwere a agbaze n'ókè nke 27 ruo 30 degrees Celsius, ọ na-emekarị doro hydrogenation, na-eji na admixture na ndị ọzọ akwukwo nri mmanụ ma ọ bụ mmiri mmiri iche iche iji nweta nri hydrogenated abụba ke majarin rụpụta.

Iji mepụta otu ton nke palm mmanụ ga-anọ na ọkara tọn mkpụrụ.

owuwe ihe ubi

Oil palm, dị ka e kwuru n'elu, nwere ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke mkpụrụ ya. Na ihe nile nke a ọkpọ ọrụ Kpọkọtanụ ripened owuwe ihe ubi nke elu 2 tọn (ọ bụ si na 80 100 bunches) site n'aka kwa ụbọchị. Rịba ama na otu ụyọkọ esịmde 25 n'arọ na ibu ibu. Na nke ọ bụla n'ime ha banyere abụọ na narị abụọ mkpụrụ osisi.

Anakọta mkpụrụ bụ nnọọ ike na-ewe oge, n'ihi na ha na-emi odude na a elu nke anọ-storey ụlọ. Olee otú nke a mere? Ọrụ itinye nkọ mma na njedebe nke ihe extendable osisi. Eji ihe ndị a na-anakọta gbuturu osisi na mkpụrụ osisi na-anakọtara na obo na n'akụkụ ụzọ. Mgbe ahụ bunches ada nhazi osisi.

na-eto eto na ọnọdụ

Na mba na a na-ekpo ọkụ na ihu igwe na-eto eto mmanụ nkwụ. Ebe ọ na-okokpon? E nwere African palm nke ụdị (Elaeis guieneensis). Ọ bụ ezie na ya n'ala nna - okpomọkụ Africa (Nigeria), ọ na-etolite na Malaysia, Central America na Indonesia.

E nwekwara ebe a na ha na-eto a nkwụ (umu Elaeis melanococca, Acrocomia na Coco Mbocaya) na South America (akpan akpan, na Paraguay). Ịzụlite osisi n'ihi na mmepụta nke ulo oru na nri mmanụ.

arụpụtaghị

Wild-eto eto mmanụ palm blooms na-agba mkpụrụ naanị na 10-20-nke afọ nke ndụ, na-akpan akụ osisi na-amalite na-amị mkpụrụ na-atọ ma ọ bụ afọ anọ mgbe kere.

Zaa kacha ruru na afọ 15-18 afọ, na ngụkọta ndụ nke osisi na osisi na nkezi, si 80 120 afọ.

A obere akụkọ ihe mere eme

Mmanụ si mkpụrụ nke a magburu onwe ya bara uru osisi emepụta si oge ochie. N'oge na ihe ochie gwupụtara chọtara a n'akụkụ na-doo anya ihe ịrịba ama nke palm mmanụ (African olili mgbakwasị nke na III narị afọ iri BC. E.).

The cultivation nkwụ bụ na ihe ulo oru ọnụ ọgụgụ malitere naanị na nke iri abụọ na narị afọ. N'oge ahụ, mmanụ mkpụrụ ya ndị nwere mmasị na ụlọ ọrụ, nke na-emepụta ncha na margarine.

Nnukwu-ọnụ ọgụgụ cultivation nke osisi malitere na Indonesia na 1911, na Malaysia - na 1919. Malitere mụbaa ebe na akuku nke ndị a osisi na African mba.

Ugbu a, mmanụ nkwụ - otu n'ime ndị na-eduga ọkụkụ na ụwa, na-eji maka mmepụta nke ihe oriri na mmanụ. Dị ka ọnụ ọgụgụ, ya karịa 9 nde ise e mepụtara na 1988, na kwa afọ a na-aghọ ndị ọzọ na ndị ọzọ.

na ojiji nke

The natives onwe ha na-ejikarị nri enwetara site drupes freshest butter, n'oge ahụ, nụrụ ụtọ yiri ahụekere. Gasịrị, uto na isi nke ya na-agbanwe bụghị nnọọ obi ụtọ.

N'ozuzu, mmanụ nkwụ a na-eji nnọọ iche iche: si emep uta eri nke nwa ya epupụta na-mere nke eriri, akọrọ epupụta na-eji maka ịkpa ákwà ute, ákwà-nkwuba, mere nke ha na ụlọ ahụ dị n'elu ụlọ. Site ị ga kpaa nkata, nnọọ ụtọ na-eto eto Ome na-eji nri (na-akpọ palm kabeeji), site na ihe ọṅụṅụ nke palm wine na-emepụta.

Na England, mmanụ a na-eji ịtụ igwe na kandụl Ndinam.

Na-adịbeghị anya, ọ malitere na-eto eto a nkwụ Brazil.

Na ọgwụgwụ - banyere peculiarities nke mmanụ ngwa

Ọ bụ ihe ijuanya na nkwụ mmanụ eji na nkà mmụta banyere ígwè (lubricants maka mills inyefe na m. P.) a na-eji na-na nri ụlọ ọrụ.

Ya iji na mmepụta nke nwekwara, disintegrants, ice ude na ulo oru frying nduku ibe (crisps).

Ke adianade do, ọ na-eji ke imewe nke ntecha na-emepụta ọgwụ na ngwaahịa. Ma ebe ọ bụ na mmalite nke 2000s, palm mmanụ nnọọ ifịk ifịk na-eji na imewe nke biofuels.