Echichi nke ntọ-ala ulo: isi ihe

The ala akụkụ nke ụlọ ahụ, ya bụ na ntọala ahụ, na-ewe brunt nke ibu-ya, na-ebufe ya n'ala. Echichi nke ntọala taa nwere ike site na otu nke a dịgasị iche iche nke usoro, na ọ ga-mere onwe ha. Otu n'ime ha na-enye ohere ị na-ewu a na isi nke teepu, nke bụ nnọọ ewu ewu na onwe ụlọ ewu, dị ka ọ na-achọ di ntakiri oru nleeta. Ya guzobere na-esonyere ezi uche investments na mmejuputa iwu ígwè adịghị kwa ike. The ngwaọrụ nke a haziri - usoro mfe ezuru mmejuputa zubere naanị mkpa ịmụ ọrụ nke technology. Nke a na ụdị na ntọala na-tọrọ nkụ bụghị awụ ọsọ Ona, dị ka ma ọ bụrụ na miri ala freezes, ndị na-ewu ga-eri ihe n'ihi na ogwugwu onu ga nwere nnukwu olu. Ya mere, ọ dị mma ịtụle ekwe omume nke ịgbaziri arọ n'aka usoro.

Nkwadebe maka ewu nke warara ntọala

Echichi nke ntọala amalite na nzacha na mkpocha na saịtị layout. On n'ala a ga-akara axis nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu ụlọ na idozi mkpọ, nke ga-dị n'agbata ụdọ. Ọ dị mkpa na-elele akụkụ, nke ga-hà 90 degrees. Akwadebe saịtị kwesịrị ime ka o a size ibu n'akụkụ nke ọ bụla site 2 mita. Lelee correctness nke nkè nwere ike atụnyere diagonals.

Kwadebe trenches na-ewu ụlọ nke formwork

Arịọnụ warara ntọala na-esonụ na-adọ na-agụnye egwu ala a trenchi, ndị a ọrụ nwere ike rụrụ aka ma ọ bụ na-enyemaka nke ihe excavator. Na nke ikpeazụ ahụ ike ga-kpochara na-boo shọvel. Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ i nwere ike na-amalite na-ebikwasị ndị kwushin, na ọkpụrụkpụ nke kwesịrị ikere 200 mm. Ọ na-mere si obere akụkụ nke gravel ma ọ bụ ájá. Layer a wụsara mmiri, na-compacted, na n'elu na-tọrọ plastic film, nke na-aghọ a waterproofing ihe onwunwe. Nhọrọ, ndochi wee si cement slurry otú ahụ ka mmiri na-adịghị na-aga n'ime ala, n'ihi na ọ pụrụ imebi ike e ji mara Ohiri isi.

Echichi nke ntọala nke ụlọ ọzọ ogbo agụnye akwadebe ndị formwork, nke ndị mejupụtara Planed na otu akụkụ mbadamba. Ha ọkpụrụkpụ hara ka ókè nke 40 ruo 50 millimeters. Ọ ga-eji ịkpakọba formwork panel osisi ji ígwè. The ọcha na-ntukwasi-obi ofu mgbidi nke miri dọrọ. Ọ dị mkpa ịghọta via plumb na verticality nke mgbidi, ebe ọ bụ na izi ezi nke a kwa ga-adabere na oge nke ọrụ nke ga-eme n'ọdịnihu Ọdịdị. Ọ dị mkpa iji nye n'ihi na ọnụnọ nke oghere maka ebikwasị nke mmiri na Sewerage usoro.

Nwee ume na agbapụtara ihe

ntọala echichi technology fọrọ nke nta mgbe agụnye echichi nke fixtures, nke ga-ebu unit. Ogwe-aga eku, na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ha na ọnọdụ, nakwa dị ka n'obosara ga-kpọmkwem na oru ngo. The kpuchie ga-ekewet nke abụọ vetikal mkwado ibe, nke na-ẹkenịmde ọnụ site na kwụ Ogwe. Ọ dị mkpa iburu n'obi na mgbe agbapụtara ihe ngwakọta ga nwere a elu karịa 1.5 mita, ihe ngwọta stratified. Ya mere, ọ na-atụ aro iji a obere paseeji. Mgbe a na ogbo, ngwakọta a wụsara na formwork, nke ọkpụrụkpụ nke n'ígwé kwesịrị odika 20 sentimita. Onye ọ bụla oyi akwa bụ sụkọtara, nke na-egbochi guzobe voids. N'ihi na nke a shuttering mgbidi nkụkọrịta. The ngwọta ekwesịghị mmiri mmiri.

waterproofing

Echichi nke ntọala waterproofing na-esonyere ọrụ ndị na-na-rụrụ n'ime 10 ụbọchị mgbe agbapụtara. Ị nwere ike iji bitumen mastic, etinyere elu mgbidi. Mgbe a na mejupụtara gbasoro waterproofing ihe onwunwe, a ọrụ nke nwere ike na-eme ka roofing ihe onwunwe. Mgbe oge ụfọdụ gasịrị, na àgwà nke ihe onwunwe fixation nwere ike-enyocha.

Final ọrụ

Mgbe-emecha niile n'elu kọwara manipulations nwere ike rụrụ backfill, nke a na-eji usoro srednefraktsionny ájá. Ọ na-compacted na n'ígwé na jupụta na mmiri, si otú ọ dị mkpa inyocha ala nke waterproofing, ọ na-ekwesịghị mebiri emebi.

Construction ịghasa-ikpo ntọala

Uru nke a na-doro anya ahịhịa ya, na-agba nke na-arụ ọrụ kwesịrị ekenyela n'etiti ha, pụrụ ịdabere, ala na-eri, anwụ ngwa ngwa na-ekwe omume nke ngwaọrụ n'oge opupu ihe ubi ala awụ ọsọ. Na mbụ ogbo ọ dị mkpa ka ikpo nkuku na mkpọ n'ọdịnihu ụlọ, n'etiti ha agbatị eriri na ka ndị ọzọ ndokwa mkpọ. N'ebe ha na ndị gwuo olulu ebe na-eme n'ọdịnihu na anyị na-eme atụmatụ ighikota ikpo. Omimi nke olulu kwesịrị banyere 20 sentimita. n'aka menjuobi ga-eji na-achọ ikpo, ọ ga-mere dị ka ndị a: na nkà na ụzụ oghere na elu njedebe nke ikpo ga-arụnyere valves, yi a scrap iberibe si abụọ n'akụkụ nke square tube. Ha ga-eme a menjuobi. The ogologo nke menjuobi, ndị na-erughị a chọrọ mgbalị ime. The kacha size nke ndị dị otú aka uwe ga-egosi nke 3 mita. Onye ọ bụla ikpo nwere na-gbagọrọ gburugburu ya axis. Iji mepụta ndị a ọrụ site na iji ọzọ mmadụ, mgbe nke atọ na-arụ ọrụ ga ịchịkwa vetikal ọcha site larịị.

Ọ bụrụ na ị na-ahọrọ iji ntuziaka nweghi, na ndiiche nke kwụ ọtọ ga-gafere 2 degrees, ma ibu nkesa ga-mkpumkpu na ikpo na-nkwarụ. Arịọnụ ịghasa-ikpo ntọala Ẹnịm ka ala onu nke mmewere bụ n'okpuru larịị nke ala kefriza. Ọ bụ ya mere mkpa ịma ihe na nke a mma maka otu ebe. Mgbe ọ na-abịa Central Russia, ọ bụ 1.5 mita. Ozugbo ikpo ga-emeri larịị nke kefriza, ọ dị mkpa na ha na-egosipụta ihe siri ike ala. Nke a ga-enyere gị aka ịghọta mgbe otu ihe na-akwụsị mfe banye n'ime ala. Ọ bụrụ na ị na-abịa gafee oké nkume, ala ga-ewepụ support na achọ ọzọ ubé na n'akuku. Mgbe ikpo ndokwasa ekwesị ka ndị chọrọ larịị.

itinye n'ọnọdụ ntọala

Arịọnụ ntọala ikpo-ụdị ịghasa ọcha sochiri trimming na a ụfọdụ larịị. Ịchịkwa ihe adaba iji kwụ haịdrọlik larịị, nke a na mgbe ụfọdụ, dochie anya leveling ngwá. Keikuku akụkụ ga-hà 60 sentimita. Na grinder metal nwere ike ebipụ na a ụfọdụ larịị.

Concreting na ogbugbu nke strapping

The ime ohere bụ adịghị anakwere ikpo ekpe ide, dị ka nke a nwere ike ime ka corrosion nke elu ma belata ọrụ ndụ. Inside ọcha jupụtara grout, onye ọ bụla ikpo ga-ahapụ ihe dị ka 1.5 bọket ngwakọta. Ọ bụrụ na ụlọ ahụ bụ nnọọ arọ, na rafti ntọala nwere ike nke metal, mgbe ị nwere ike ịpụ maka mfe ewu nke ya. Na nke a, ọrụ ya ga-ebu a osisi ma ọ bụ metal strapping headroom. On ikpo a na-etinye na headroom, nke a na ekekọtara na kposara ekekọta nke square osisi na a n'akụkụ nke 150 mm. Ihe na-adịgide adịgide na nkwonkwo ga-emeso ya na bitumen. Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ, i nwere ike na-amalite na-ewu mgbidi ụlọ ahụ. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ntọala ikpo-ịghasa mgbe ẹkụre imewe-enwe ike idi ibu, ọ dị njikere maka ọrụ. Nwụnye nke ịghasa-ikpo ntọala na-eji na otu ebe na-ewu ga-agwụ agwụ na nke kasị nso-ekwe omume n'oge.

The ewu nke ntọala ịghasa

Mgbe ịghasa a rụrụ echichi nke ntọala, ọ dị mkpa ime ka mkpuchi, naanị otú ahụ ka ụlọ a ga-ọkụ n'ala. Iji malite igbu ndị isi kwesịrị n'ihi ihe ndị na ga-ekechi ọnyá niile free-guzo na-akwado. The waterproofing na-tọrọ mkpuchi. Ọ bụ omume na-eji polystyrene mbadamba ma ọ bụ ịnweta owu. Mgbe kwesịrị ịmalite arụmọrụ nke finishing na-arụ ọrụ na n'ihu.

Iwuli ntọala uwe

Ndị dị otú ahụ sitere na-eji ikpe ebe isi kwesịrị nwere a elu ike. The ngwaọrụ ka na iji mesikwuru nwee ume atụmatụ. N'ihi na nke a haziri ga-adị njikere na-ege ntị n'ihi na ọbụna aba. Ndị a bases abụghị maka onye na-ewu. Ha na-agaghị na subsidence na-ama Ona, nkà na ụzụ na-enye maka nwụnye nke kọlụm. Fundam otú arụpụtara iji ihe ọkwa M-200, watertightness e ji mara nke izu oke nke designation B2. Tupu ịmalite ọrụ, kwadebere n'elu na bụ boo na sụkọtara. Na nzọụkwụ ọzọ olulu na-gwuru, nke akara site gravel. Mgbe ahụ ị pụrụ wụnye blocks. Ajịrịja nkume kwushin nwere ike dochie anya na a ájá nkwadebe, nke arụnyere isi na kọlụm. pụrụ iche na-ebuli ngwá chọrọ ka e si ndị a ọrụ. Echichi na-mere site na ọnọdụ nke anyụike, zoro aka n'ihe ize ndụ nke na n'ọnụ nke iko. Ha na-etinyere tupu adịghị apụ apụ. Stakeout anyu ga-akara eriri na plumb akara, na n'oge echichi nke a na-akpọ akpụkpọ ụkwụ na-elekọta kwesịrị iwere na axis na ala nke iko na ekwekọghị na center anyu. Enweghị ọzọ enyemaka ga-ekwe omume ime ka nwụnye nke akụrụngwa. Ntọala nke ụdị bụkwa n'ihi nke a na-ahụkarị na onwe-ewu.