"Sakhalin-1". Mmanụ na gas oru ngo na Sakhalin Island

The enyoba mee nke hydrocarbons na ụwa bụ nnukwu, ma ọ bụghị ihe niile nke mmanụ ubi na-mepụtara. Isi ihe mere maka "Downtime" - aku na uba inexpedient. Ọtụtụ n'ime mmanụ na-amị n'ígwé na-edebe ke miri mmiri, ma ọ bụ (na) n'ime ime obodo ebe maka mmepe. The mbụ isi na Odoptu ubi offshore Sakhalin agwaetiti chọpụtara site Soviet geologists na 1977, ma naanị mgbe a afọ iri na-agbanwe agbanwe na ahịa na ọnọdụ na mmepe nke nkà na ụzụ ọhụrụ nke mmepụta nke Sakhalin nwa gold aghọwo uru.

nwere

Dị ka akụkụ nke "Sakhalin-1" na-abịa na mmepe na ime ihe nke atọ mmanụ na gas ubi - bụ Odoptu, Chayvo na A-D. Ha na-emi odude n'ebe ugwu ọwụwa anyanwụ nke Sakhalin Island na Sea of Okhotsk. Ha nwere ike na recoverable mee bụ nnukwu (ma ọ bụghị ndekọ) - 2.3 ijeri barel mmanụ, 485 ijeri cubic mita nke gas ^3.

Ọ bụrụ na anyị na-echebara ndị ngụkọta ikike interconnected arụ ọrụ "Sakhalin-1" na "Sakhalin 2" na nke dị na mbụ ogbo nke "Sakhalin-3", ngụkọta mee nke recoverable gas region karịa 2.4 puku ijeri m ³ mmanụ - n'elu 3.2 ijeri barel. Ọ bụ ihe ọ bụla mberede ndi oru nta akuko na-akpọ agwaetiti ahụ "nke abụọ Kuwait".

Otú ọ dị, mmepụta a na ubi na-mgbagwoju anya site ọnụnọ nke mkpọ ice isii mita oké n'ime isii ka ọnwa asaa nke afọ, nakwa dị ka ike tide na seismic ọrụ n'ime afọ. The mkpa imeri nsogbu metụtara oké ọnọdụ ihu igwe, na oruru ime ime obodo a nke ebe dum mmanụ na gas akụrụngwa mata ihe pụrụ iche agwa nke nsogbu na oru ngo.

History of ngo

Ogologo oge tupu mmejuputa oru ngo "Sakhalin-1" ka geologists, o doro anya na hydrocarbon akụ nke agwaetiti na-emi odude na-abụghị ala na shelf, ma ha mee ndị na-amaghị. Ke 70 definition nke olu nke ego nke ụlọ ọrụ na-aku "Sakhalinmorneftegaz". Mgbe ngagharị ọrụ SODEKO sonyeere a Constrium nke gbara agbata obi Japan, taa ogo n'etiti ndị sonyere nke oru ngo.

Na 1977, ndị mbụ na-Sakhalin shelf chọpụtara gas ubi Odoptu, a afọ mgbe e mesịrị - na Chayvo ubi, na ama 10 afọ - Arkutun Dagi. N'ihi ya, Sakhalin Island ghọrọ a nwere mara mma n'ihi na mmepụta nke hydrocarbons. Otú ọ dị, na enweghị kwesịrị ekwesị ego na nkà na ụzụ na-gbochie ahụ n'elu nmepe.

itunanya

Site na nmalite nke XXI narị afọ ọnọdụ gbanwere na mpaghara. Na-eto eto mkpa nke ndị kasị dị ike aku na ụwa - Japanese na Korean, nakwa dị ka ịrị elu na ndị na-eri nke ike ga-eme ka oru ngo "Sakhalin-1" rụpụtara. Kasị nke ulo oru mbo, na ọtụtụ ihe - na nkà na ụzụ aka sụgharịrị ụlọ ọrụ "Exxon-Mobil" (EM). Òkè nke a ukwuu ọkachamara otu, nke nwere afọ 85 nke ahụmahụ na mmanụ na gas mmepe na Arctic idụhe, nyere aka dozie ọtụtụ nsogbu.

N'oge, kpọmkwem ọrụ nke oru ngo - "nwa" nke ụlọ ọrụ "EM", "Exxon Neftegas Limited". Ọ bụ isi ulo oru ọrụ. Consortium Ọzọkwa doziri a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ọhaneze na aku na uba na na ọnọdụ na-Sakhalin region na ha gbara agbata obi Khabarovsk Territory, n'etiti ha - mmepe nke obodo aku na uba, agụmakwụkwọ na ọzụzụ nke ọkachamara Russian pesonel, na-elekọta mmadụ omume, ọrụ ebere, na ndị ọzọ.

Constrium òtù

Nke a mmanụ na gas oru ngo - ihe atụ nke ihe ịga nke ọma ọnụ nke mba na mgbagwoju Geophysical, ihu igwe na ala ọnọdụ. mgbalị ha mejuputa oru ngo jikọtara:

• Mega-ụlọ ọrụ "Exxon Mobil" (USA): 30% nke mbak (na njikọ na sanctions iso òkè nke American ụlọ ọrụ na ajụjụ).
• SODEKO Consortium (Japan): 30%.
• RGCs "Rosneft" site achịkwa kwadoro "Sakhalinmorneftegas-adị" (11.5%) na "RN-Astra" (8.5%).
• STC "ONGC Videsh Ltd." (India): 20%.

The isi obodo nke Sakhalin mmanụ ghọrọ obodo Okha.

arụ ọrụ usoro

Mgbe mbụ ogbo "Sakhalin 1" ruru ịmụta OPF ego eji oké osimiri "isi" mkpọpu ala ikpo okwu na ala nrụnye "egbe". Ná mmalite October 2005, a afọ iri mgbe mmalite nke mmepe, mbụ mmanụ e mepụtara si Chayvo ubi. Dị ka a n'ihi nke ẹkụre ke mbubreyo 2006. The ewu Onshore Production Facility (OPF), olu nke mmepụta ke February 2007 dịrị 250,000 orù (34,000 tọn) mmanụ kwa ụbọchị. Na ndị na-esonụ n'ụzọ nke oru ngo malitere gas mee na Chayvo n'ihi na mbupụ.

Mgbe ahụ, "egbe" a kpaliri ihe n'akụkụ ubi Odoptu maka inwekwu egwu na mmepụta nke hydrocarbons. Ka gas, na mmanụ na-abịa site ego OPF, whereupon mmanụ na-gaa na ọnụ DeKastri mmezi (Chile Krai, na Tartar Strait) maka inwekwu butekwara n'ihi na mbupụ, na gas na-ọnọ si Sakhalin ka anụ ụlọ ahịa.

The ọzọ ogbo malitere na mmepe nke-atọ ubi (kasị site ebe) A-D na Chayvo gas na ga-ekwe nkwa na-emepụta hydrocarbons ruo 2050. Iji nwekwuo aku arụmọrụ ma melite ọrụ nke usoro a na-sonye na akaụntụ pụrụ iche aka-na ahụmahụ e nwetara n'oge mbụ na-adọ nke development.

Rig "egbe"

Development nke mmanụ na gas na mpaghara ebe a bụ yiri ka ihe ngwọta ka ihe ịma aka jụrụ site na okike. Oké ọnọdụ ihu igwe, ike ice ubi na offshore mmiri, karịsịa ndị geological Ọdịdị nke mmanụ choro ọ na-eji elu ntọala.

Mpako nke dum oru ngo bụ egwu rig "egbe", na "akọnuche" nke ọtụtụ ụwa ndia tinyere ogologo na-agba nke gbapuru akọwa. Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị dị ike n'ala dabeere nrụnye na ụwa. 70 mita unit e mere maka ime ihe na seismic na oyi na-atụ arctic n'ógbè, na-enye ohere ultra-ogologo malite ịgba oghere bụ mbụ ekwesị na mgbe ịgbasapụ n'okpuru n'ala oké osimiri na a ngụkọta gbọmgbọm ogologo karịa 11 kilomita.

N'oge-egwu ndị a iyi ugbua guzosie ọtụtụ ụwa ndia na gbọmgbọm ogologo - site ụzọ, nke a bụ ebe ọma e gwutere mmanụ a ndekọ 12,700 mita Z42 (June 2013). Site n'iji elu-ọsọ-egwu technology, nke bụ na ihe onwunwe nke ụlọ ọrụ "ExxonMobil" oghere "Sakhalin-1" gafere a ndekọ ngwa ngwa.

Site n'enyemaka nke "hawks" olulu gbapuru si n'ikpere mmiri n'okpuru ala na n'akuku n'ebe omume nke offshore ubi, si otú mbenata ibu na ihe pụrụ iche na-echebe ọdịdị nke ebe ndị a. Ke adianade do, a dịtụ kọmpat unit anọchi nke nnukwu owuwu na-chọrọ iru n'oké osimiri na-esi ike ice ọnọdụ n'oge oyi. N'ihi ya, ịrịba ego na ọrụ na isi obodo na-akwụ ụgwọ. Mgbe-emecha na-arụ ọrụ na Chayvo ubi, "egbe" modernized ma kwaga a gbara agbata obi development Odoptu.

"Orlan" n'elu ikpo okwu

Ke adianade n'ala echichi "egbe", gas-mmanụ ubi nke "Sakhalin-1" mụtara ọzọ "mpako nnụnụ" - oké osimiri "Orlan" Ngwuputa n'elu ikpo okwu. The n'elu ikpo okwu na-amị ego na ndịda ọdịda anyanwụ nke ebe Chayvo ubi.

50-mita elu Ọdịdị ndọda atọrọ na ala nke Osimiri Okhotsk, ya omimi n'ebe a - 14 mita. "Orlan" na 2005 gbapuru 20 akọwa. Na 21 nkeji borehole-agagharị "egbe" na a n'ikpere mmiri, ego nke ndị dị otú ahụ a ndekọ olulu maka mmanụ na gas na otu ubi. The olu mmanụ mmepụta ụba ọtụtụ ugboro.

Na "Orlan" 9 ọnwa nke afọ gburugburu ice, na-arụ ọrụ a na-ejikọta ya na mkpebi na mbụ amaghị na mba mmepụta nsogbu. Ke adianade mgbagwoju seismic na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe bụ ike logistical nsogbu na-edozi.

"Berkut" Platform

Nke a bụ Kacha ọhụrụ n'elu ikpo okwu, kpọkọtara na shipyards of South Korea na-aga nke ọma n'aka na 2014 ka ubi A-D. Akụkụ nke "Berkut" bụ ọbụna karịa nnukwu karịa "Eagle". N'oge iga (nke bụ 2.6 puku km) bụghị a mere otu ugboro. Na-ewu iji nagide ice na a abụọ mita 18 mita mmiri na ebili mmiri na -44 C.

Onshore mmepụta nkwadebe usoro

Amịpụtara si ubi OPF na Odoptu hydrocarbons ọnọ na OPF. Ebe a na-gas bụ nkewa nke mmiri na mmanụ, na-akawanye ya maka inwekwu iga n'ihi na mbupụ site n'oge a mmanụ mbupụ ọnụ na mmezi DeKastri nhicha gas anụ ụlọ na-eji ọkụ. Ofụri Esịt kwurula osisi e maka nhazi nke ihe dị ka 250,000 barel mmanụ na Ọzọkwa 22,4 mcm ³ nke gas kwa ụbọchị.

Na-ewu nke Chayvo emepụta etinyere nnukwu-modular usoro nke ewu. Osisi dị ka Constructor kpọkọtara si 45 dị iche iche dị elu modul. All ihe na-kpọmkwem haziri maka ime ihe na ihu igwe siri ike nke Far. Kasị aghụghọ - mere nke metal, nwere ike idi okpomọkụ dị ka ala dị -40 Celsius C.

N'ihi na nnyefe nke arọ modul-ewu ihe owuwu gafee Chayvo Bay wuru a pụrụ iche 830 mita akwa. N'ihi na nke a na-ewu nke Sakhalin Island bụ ụdị ndekọ - mmiri a na-ewere unmatched inogide, uku ogologo nke ibu crossings kasị ukwuu osimiri nke Siberia - na Ob na Irtysh. The ewu bụ-adabara na-azụ ézì - ụzọ apịtị mara ụlọikwuu jụrụ budata.

mbupụ nwere

The dum mgbagwoju nke "Sakhalin-1, 2, 3" e wuru na-anya na akụ na-ebupụ. Inwe a "enweghi ike" n'akụkụ Japanese aku na uba, ọ na-erughị ike South Korea, a mmehie ghara iji uru ebe ọgaranya hydrocarbon ego na ya. Ke adianade do, ngo na-enyere ịrịba akụkụ nke akụrụngwa (tumadi gas) gaa na 'Chile' (continental Russia). Isi Importers nke Okhotsk mmanụ bụ Japan na South Korea.

mbupụ nke technology bụ dị ka ndị:

1. Gas na mmanụ si n'olulu mmiri nri osisi nke BCP.
2. Mgbe ahụ, site onshore nke navigating site Tatar mkpagide akara oriri ekpe na mmezi DeKastri na n'ụzọ pụrụ iche na Kacha ọhụrụ mbupụ ọnụ.
3. Gas n'ihi na ọtụtụ akụkụ na-aga Russian na-eji ọkụ, na mmanụ na-echekwara na nnukwu tankị, ebe Ẹnam ekese via tanka-ime n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri.

DeKastri

Development mmanụ ego na ọnọdụ nke Far East choro dozie nsogbu unhindered njem nke ngwaọrụ. Tinye ọnụ, e kpebiri na ya agaghị Sakhalin na Chile - na mmiri n'ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri nke De-Kastri. Black gold ebe a na-abịa site na ọjà, na mgbe ahụ na - mmanụ ụgbọ mmiri tanker. The ọnụ e wuru "site ọkọ", na ọhụrụ teknụzụ.

N'ihi na ọnụ ndị obodo natara ọzọ elu-akwụ ụgwọ ọrụ, e nwere iwu na mpaghara njem na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ, mma socio-elekọta mmadụ, anyị na mmezi akụrụngwa.

N'ihi na afọ-gburugburu njem chọrọ emebe na-ewu pụrụ iche ụgbọ mmiri tanker aka ike ice ọnọdụ nke klas "Afromaks", na ịdọkapụta icebreakers. Maka 5 afọ nke ọrụ ọnụ na-enweghị otu merenụ Ẹnam ekese 460 ụgbọ mmiri tanker. Total gabiga ọnụ n'elu 45 nde tọn.

Ịrụ Ọrụ Dịịrị na mma ọrụ

Ọrụ na Contractors "Sakhalin-1" oru ngo na-arụ ọrụ 68 nde awa magburu onwe nchekwa na unan, nke anya gafere ụlọ ọrụ nkezi. Nnabata na usoro iwu chọrọ dịgidere echesinụ ụkpụrụ na-achịkwa nke mmepụta eme.

Environmental jikoro bụ ihe akụkụ nke ndị na-ewu na ime ihe nke oru ngo na-agụnye a ọnụ ọgụgụ nke pụrụ iche na mmemme maka nchedo nke anụ ọhịa, tinyere nchebe nke dị n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ awọ whales, Steller si n'oké osimiri ugo ọzọ bi.

Active oge na ụmụ amaala bi Sakhalin ENL nyeere mata kasị akpa obodo nsogbu. Karịsịa, mmanụ na-ekwe site na mpaghara na-azụ ézì iji ya wuru akwa gafee Chayvo Bay n'ihi na kwa afọ osisi atụ ìgwè ehi.

Adọta na ọzụzụ nke Russian mkpara

Mgbe mbụ ogbo nke mmepe maka Russian ụmụ amaala 13 000 ọrụ e kere. Metụtara obodo mkpara emepụta ohere ọhụrụ na-eme ka n'ozuzu na mpaghara mmepe. N'otu oge ahụ, ENL emetụta ndị kasị oge a na-arụ ọrụ na ụkpụrụ na norms nke nche, nakwa dị ka na-ewu technology, mkpọpu ala, mmepụta na-ebikwasị nke pipelines.

Na-arụ ọrụ mmepụta saịtị dọtara ihe karịrị otu narị Russian injinia na technicians. Onye ọ bụla nke goro technicians rue a ogologo oge ọzụzụ N'ezie. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na e zigara maka ọzụzụ na ihe nke ụlọ ọrụ "Exxon Mobil" ke United States na Canada.

Help agwaetiti

The technical ọzụzụ omume suppliers na ngo gụnyere ihe ndị ọzọ bi Sakhalin. Arụ ọrụ na njikọ na Agency for International Development (USA), na-arụrụ ọrụ na-eme ka ntozu nke welders site na nzukọ nke ọzụzụ pụrụ iche ọmụmụ na-enye Micro mgbazinye ego maka Itie azụmahịa ọzụzụ na mmepe nke Sakhalin obere na-ajụ-sized ulo oru. The Constrium mere ka ihe karịrị otu nde dollar na ego ego site na nke na narị ise ọrụ kere na-akwado ihe karịrị 180 ulo oru.

Mgbe niile na-amụba òkè nke Russian ụlọ ọrụ dị ka suppliers na ngo. The na-eri nke contracts na anụ ụlọ sịrị karịa ijeri $ 4, ma ọ bụ banyere abụọ n'ụzọ atọ nke mkpokọta na-eri nke oru ngo contracts.

Ke adianade na-enye ala ụtụ site n'ụzọ nke royalties, ngo na-eme ka mmepe nke obodo akụrụngwa - ụzọ-ewu ya, àkwà mmiri, na-ewu nke na ọdụ ụgbọ mmiri na ọdụ ụgbọelu, na ọchịchị ike oru. Nkwado ndị ọzọ mmemme gụnyere nyere onyinye muta, nlekọta ahụ ike na rụọ ọrụ ndị obodo na nkà mmụta sayensị na nkà na ụzụ ikike.