"Égbè" (egbe): ihe mere eme, nkọwa, e ji mara

"Nagan" - a egbe, kere gunsmiths si Belgium ụmụnna, Emil (1830-1902) na Leon (1833-1900) égbè. Ngwá agha ndị a na-mere ná mba ụfọdụ na mbubreyo XIX - ufọt ufọt XX narị afọ. Ọ e ji agha na ngwá agha.

History nke e kere eke

Ná ngwụsị nke XIX narị afọ, ọtụtụ ndị mba speculated banyere rearmament nke ya agha. N'oge ndị ahụ, ndị ekwe revolvers: onwe-eji égbè agbagbu obere ogwe aka jikọtara mfe nke ngwaọrụ zuru ezu, a pụrụ ịdabere na na-amụba ebubo. Na-elekwasị anya nke European ogwe mmepụta bụ obodo Liège, emi odude ke Belgium. Ebe ọ bụ na 1859 na ọ na-arụ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe nke Leon na Emile Nagant. Ọ bụ a obere ezinụlọ ogbako, nke mere ka Dutch egbe na mgbe ụfọdụ ọbụna na mepụtara a égbè.

The mbụ pụrụ iche égbè e gosiri nwoke nke okenye Emil Test Belgium agha ngalaba. O kpebiri iji dị ka ihe mara na ndị na-abụghị ọrụ ndị isi 'na ngwá agha, kwuru na dị ka "sample égbè na 1878". Nke a 9-mm egbe na 1878 bụ a isii ọbula. Ya onwem na "sọrọ-mmetụta ngwaọrụ": hama cocked ma ọ bụ n'aka akụ, ma ọ bụ site na ịpị akpalite.

Non-nyere ndị isi nke bipu, ndi agha na inyeaka nke Belgium Army kweere na "Nagan" - a egbe elu klas! Na n'ezie, na ntụziaka akwụkwọ ntuziaka nke Nwere Obi Ike agha, e mere site na a 9-mm egbe "Nagant M / 1883" na-ama ụma rụrụ arụ ọgụ àgwà: na-ewu, a ọhụrụ ihe, ewepu-agbapụ "DA mode." Nanị tinye, na égbè a sample nwere hama cocked mgbe ọ bụla ogbugba.

Dị ka a N'ihi ya, e mere ihe 2-3 mgbanwe nke dị iche iche calibers na gbọmgbọm ogologo. Mgbe a mgbe Emile Nagant ezigbo ọrịa ma kwụsịrị kpam kpam n'anya ya. Ugbu a isi ọrụ na mma nke ngwaọrụ aku Leon Nagant.

sample 1886

Ya mere, anyị na-amụ "égbè". Gun na 1886 ntukwasi a obere obere karịa ya ụzọ. Ọ bụ a pụrụ ịdabere na, na imewe aghọwo technologically elu. Nlereanya a na triga ngwaọrụ anọ iyi na-anọchi onye dvuporuyu. Ke adianade do, ọhụrụ ngwaahịa n'ime akaụntụ ọchịchọ nke mmepụta ngwá agha na ntụziaka nke usen caliber: ọkachamara họọrọ ndị kasị ewu ewu n'oge ahụ, a 7.5 mm ebubo Ahịhịa anwụrụ na ntụ ntụ.

Ihe kacha mkpa nsogbu a ga-edozi bụ ndị na-emepụta revolvers bụ penetration nke propellant gas n'ime ọdịiche, nke na-etolite a n'ihu ọgwụgwụ nke drum na breech nke gbọmgbọm ngalaba.

Onye Belgium armorer Anri Piper ahụ kwesịrị ekwesị ngwọta: triga nke ya mepụtara, na drum kpaliri n'ihu n'ihu na-agba. Égbè Henri nwere a pụrụ iche Ọdịdị, e a bullet na-zoro kpamkpam na uwe, na obturator uwe ozi Dultsev na ntụ ntụ, haruru-ekesa na enwe megide azuokokoosisi ọwa a oge volley - a edinam gbochie ihe itunanya gas.

A na-achị simplification na nnukwu ngwaọrụ kwaturu gbọmgbọm drum, Leon Naganov etinyere na 1892 afọ. N'okpuru ọhụrụ nlereanya égbè o mepụtara na ihe-ndebe uwe, onwem na a ogologo dulcitol. Na ihe na-"égbè"? a egbe aghọwo a classic atụ, na ụdi ụdị agbanwebeghị nke ukwuu na Ọdịdị.

ngwaọrụ

All revolvers "égbè" nwere a nkịtị isi na Njirimara:

• The akpalite na ngwaọrụ na-enye ohere a abụọ mmetụta gbaa dị ka hama cocked, na onwe-cocking. The naanị wezụga bụ "agha" na "NCOs" tupu revolutionary aghụghọ, na nke onwe onye na-cocking usoro a na-egbochi belata oriri nke mgbọ.
• Monolithic onye-ibe eku.
• Door, asaghe-ulo igba mpụta adiana. Nanị bụ nnọọ a sample nke 1910, nke ọnụ ụzọ swings azụ na releases na drum, awụfu nri.
• Gbọmgbọm maka ntị chiri ọdịda screwed n'ime eku.
• Ramrod ezobe na firing ọnọdụ nke drum axis. Ọ mgbe dechara agbapụ ndị ọrụ nke extractor - ejects nọrọ cartridges.
• The ngwaọrụ e enịm ke a etiti ma closable cover efere.

Igba na-eje ozi dị ka ụlọ ahịa, na-ulo n'otu oge. Na ihe ndị kasị zuru ebe nile nke sample na 1895 na ọtụtụ n'ime ọdịiche drum accommodates 7 ebubo. N'eziokwu, n'ihu etiti ịtinye a oghere drum axis na nwetara thereto shompolnye tube. Nke a tube na-enịm ke n'ihu nke drum: ọ bụ mmasị na n'olu nke azuokokoosisi nke mere na atụ ogho na ya, ma na axis. N'omume nke drum na-kwaturu gbọmgbọm, bụbu nwere a nloghachi usoro, nke ndị mejupụtara bụ a drum tube na a spring.

The kpochidoro ngwaọrụ bụ a drum mmasị ka n'akụkụ aka nri nke etiti. Ya ọrụ na-rụrụ site a spring-kwajuru ụzọ. Mgbe ọ bụ na-emeghe (weturu n'akụkụ) nwere ike ebubo na atara ngwá agha. Mgbe ụzọ na-emechi - ya emechi kpọchie, na-egbochi ihe-ndebe-ada, na ekele ya drum ike crank counterclockwise.

"Nagan" Battle na drum nwere asaa akwụ na gwupụtara chọrọ maka ụzọ ihu na a mechiri emechi na-emeghe ọnọdụ.

N'ozuzu égbè usoro na tumadi ekewet nke mmiri na-arụ ọrụ dị ka a kpochidoro usoro na-esikwa gbọmgbọm drum aga ịdakwasị: mmịfe breech, nko pawl na triga na mainspring. Ndị a gụnyere ndị na akpalite na usoro.

Itunanya bu na, n'oge ahụ ngwaọrụ gụnyere ada posted na n'ihu ogwe òkè na n'azụ ụzọ, ndị aiming oghere enwe n'elu eku. Total ngwaọrụ égbè 1895 anakọtara site na 39 ọcha.

Triga ngwaọrụ

Nke a ngwá agha na-onwem na a akpalite na triga, abụọ ihe. N'otu oge ahụ na-emepụtakwa ụdị na a triga, otu ihe. Na nke a na ngwaọrụ na striker na-pivotally n'ịnyịnya na triga, akwukwo spring mmasị ọgụ - dvuporaya ọ bụ na-aka.

The sear égbè arụpụtara ọnụ na akpalite. Fuuz bụ, ma ọ bụrụ na ị na-agbagbu m, a pụrụ iche item ekwe ka firing pin na-abịa n'ime kọntaktị na Capsule. Ọ bụrụ na triga bụ cocked, ọ na-eji a pụrụ iche kpochidoro usoro, megharia drum na-atụ ngwá agha. The akpalite na a n'oge a stalled na drum mere na ọ bụghị bugharia.

ballistic Njirimara

Gịnị bụ izi ezi na égbè ahụ "Nagan"? Nke a ngwá agha n'anya ẹkedọhọde atọrọ ka a anya nke 25 m. Ọ ga-kwuru na ọ bụ na a anya ezubere iche mgbe ekwekọ n'àgwà nke ndị midpoint pụta. Dị iche iche etiti nwere ike ịnya isi kpamkpam dị iche iche ziri ezi nke ọku wɔfrɛ wɔn T:

The anya m		na nguzo		na ogwe aka
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

The ike nke agha

Dị hà pine mbadamba na a ọkpụrụkpụ nke 2,54 cm na iri atọ na ise nzọụkwụ (25 mita) na-ekwu na penetration 3 mbadamba - 100% nke mgbọ, mbadamba 4 - 70%, mbadamba 5 - 25%. Boards na-enịm na a anya nke 8 cm onye ọ bụla ọzọ. Otu ihe e dere ede chịngọm ná ntutu isi na a anya nke ruo na narị abụọ nzọụkwụ (140 m).

mmepụta

Russian Izhevsk ogwe factory manufactures bụ ugbu a dị nnọọ elu mma revolvers. Ma Swedish "Nagan" sample ke 1887 bụ na e mere Belgium. -Akpali mmasị, 9-mm sample na 1878 ka toro Belgium agha. Nke a so mee ka ndị popularization nke ika factory "égbè" n'ụwa ahịa.

Otu egbe, kere 1895, nakwa dị ka ọdịiche-ya, na-emepụta ọtụtụ ngwá agha noo n'ụwa, ya bụ na Russian Imperial ogwe factory na Tula, ndị Polish obodo nke Radom, ndị German "Enel" na Suhl, Belgium "LePage", " Frankot "na" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "na Spain na ndị ọzọ.

"Nagan" njikere Russian agha

Ná ngwụsị nke XIX narị afọ na Russian Alaeze Ukwu were oke rearmament ndị agha. Mosin égbè, wepụtara na 1891, a họọrọ dị ka ọkọlọtọ obere ogwe aka. N'oge ahụ, Russia e-anọchi anya-eji égbè agbagbu gharazie ịba uru sample 4,2-linear (10.67-mm) Smith & Wesson egbe System III, mepụtara na 1880s.

Ọbụna Commission n'ihi na mmepụta nke obere-caliber égbè, nke na-aga site Lieutenant-General N. G. Chagin, abaala search maka samples nke nkwa. Ọ bụ na-akpali na ndị ọhụrụ agha égbè na-esonụ chọrọ:

• Nnukwu ịkwụsị ike. N'oge ahụ, isi ụdị agha agha e mere gbara na-irè anya (ruo 50 nzọụkwụ) mkpa kụtuo a ịnyịnya.
• "The agha nke agha" ga-ezu inwere site na 4-5-anụ ọhịa pine mbadamba. ala arọ (0.82-0.92 n'arọ).
• Caliber, na direction, nọmba, profaịlụ nke rifling nke gbọmgbọm na dị ka kwesịrị yiri-akara-kwa Mosin égbè. N'ihi ya, na-eke revolvers, i nwere ike iji égbè ntụpọ Kporo.
• Égbè nwere ike onwem na a onwe-cocking firing, ma ọ ga-njọ ziri ezi.
• Mbụ ike ọsọ nke bullet ga-n'okpuru 300 m / s.
• Na egbe ga-adị ugbu magburu onwe ziri ezi.
• Ọ dị mkpa na ngwaọrụ dị mfe na nkà na ụzụ.
• The ogwe aka kwesịrị pụrụ ịtụkwasị obi, adịghị emetụ unyi na ọnọdụ ọjọọ nke ọrụ, dị mfe ịnọgide na-enwe.
• Aka uwe ga-amịpụtara bụghị n'out oge ma alternately.
• Iji usoro a ga-haziri ya na trajectory nke bullet ụgbọ elu nwere ike ịgafe akara nke anya na a anya nke 35 paces.
• The drum ga-enịm dịkarịa ala asaa ebubo.
• Chuck na ndidi na bullet shei, ọla Flange uwe na Ahịhịa anwụrụ na ntụ ntụ.

Ke ofụri ofụri, onwe-cocking firing na imekotaotuugbo mwepụ nke nọrọ cartridges jụrụ n'ihi na ha siere ngwaọrụ (a nwere a na-adịghị mma utịp ke pụrụ ịdabere na uru nke égbè) na-eduga ná oké oriri nke mgbọ.

Site mara ọkwa nke mpi na nwere nnukwu arịrịọ anyị gosiri oké mmasị anụ ụlọ na ndị mba ọzọ na-akpụ ihe na ngwá agha. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị na egbe ụdị & Wesson Smith, revolvers na avtopistolety. Ná ngwụsị nke a dị oké njọ agha malitere Belgium gunsmiths Anri Piper M1889 nlereanya na "Bayard" na Leon Nagant M1892 na. Site n'ụzọ, oge a ikuku egbe "Nagan Gletcher NGT» bụ a oyiri nke ihe nlereanya, nke ndibọhọ ke mpi.

Leon Nagant gbanwere ha ngwaahịa na-Russian 7.62-mm caliber. Dị ka 1883, o wepụrụ ihe ahụ na-cocking firing, na-emebi àgwà nke na ngwá agha dị na-ekwu nke mpi.

six- na semizaryadnye revolvers - na abụọ nhọrọ na-chọrọ. Pieper nlereanya e jụrụ ruru ka massiveness na unreliability nke ngwaọrụ. The mpi e merie Leon Nagant, eleghị anya n'ihi na eziokwu na o nwere na Russian Defense Ministry ama ogologo-guzobere agbatị.

Égbè maka a patent maka a égbè na-apụghị ịchịkwa price nke 75 000 rubles. Ọ pụghị inwe ego, ka ọ nọ na-agọ. Ọ bụ n'ihu re-ndokwa egwuregwu, ma na a ọzọ aghụghọ ọnọdụ. Ugbu a, na mgbakwunye na nke afọ nke Nrite: puku mmadụ iri abụọ rubles kwa unit nke ogwe aka ya na puku mmadụ ise maka ụgwọ Ọdịdị. Ke adianade do, na-eto eto na-aghaghị inye nwa m ka zuru nwe nke Russian ọchịchị, nke enwetara nri na-emepụta ya, na ha onwe ha na mba na mba ọzọ na-enweghị ihe ọ bụla ụgwọ na nchepụta.

Piper na mpi ama ọzọ esichara na a pụrụ iche akpaka revolvers. The Commission atụle ha "ekwesighi, ma witty." Égbè S. I. Mosina na isii na Kporo na-agaghị anabata. Polishing a egbe Nagano ngwa ndị obere ịrịba. Anyị mụụrụ a comparative ule na a 4.2-linear egbe Smith & Wesson, na ngwaọrụ e mma. Na-akpali mmasị, mgbe ndị agha ọnwụnwa ọrụ chọrọ a egbe na abụọ mmetụta nke onwe-cocking na égbè.

The Commission laghachi onwe onye na-cocking version nke sample, ma hụrụ ya adabere n'ihe ụfọdụ ihe ịga nke ọma, otú ahụ ka m kpebiri na-eji égbè agbagbu Russia Ọ ga-replenished dị egbe: onwe-cocking maka ọrụ na maka privates na-abụghị ọrụ ndị isi - nesamovzvodny.

The ngwaọrụ mere a ole na ole obere mgbanwe na mma ya na opupu ihe ubi nke 1895. Holster maka "Nagano" a gbasirila e mere nke ákwà. Ọ Mans akpụkpọ anụ eriri-trenchikom na a ramrod maka nhicha ngwá agha.

Ka 13, 1895 iwu nke Nicholas II of "mara" na "onye agha" "Nagan" egbe samples nakweere Russian agha. Ọ bụ ihe kwesịrị ịrịba ama na ndị agha ngalaba nke na ngwá agha ndị na June 1896 chie nabatara n'ime ọrụ.

mgbanwe

Ukwuu nsogbu iji nweta ikike maka égbè - ọ dị mkpa ka uzo ọtụtụ klas. Na ọtụtụ na-apụghị ime ya, ya mere ndị mmadụ nweta Pneumatic. Ma atụla megharịrị ndepụta ihe atụ nke ihe ijuanya égbè "Nagan". N'ebe a, ha bụ:

• Nagant M1910 - 1910 Belgium sample ngwá agha nke afọ. Ọ nwere n'otu oge mmịpụta nọrọ cartridges.

Mara nlereanya:

• Soldier "Nagan" - a pụtara 20 na narị afọ na ngwá agha na triga nesamovzvodny ngwaọrụ. Ya mmepụta kwụsịrị na 1918.
• "Égbè", kere maka ọrụ nche, onwem na onwe-cocking akpalite na ngwaọrụ.
• Tupu World nko e mere ókè-ala agha na a obere ego: carbine integrally igba na butt na gbọmgbọm ogologo nke 300 mm na a égbè na a kemwepu butt na gbọmgbọm akp 200 mm.
• "Égbè" kere maka isi, a kọmpat égbè n'onwe zubere maka concealable. Ya azuokokoosisi na-ebelata ka 85 mm na handle nkpirikpi. The sample e mepụtara na 1927. Ọ na-emepụta obere batches ruo 1932. Total na-emepụta banyere 25 000 iberibe ndị a na ngwaahịa. Dị ka ihe nlereanya nke njikere isi nke OGPU na NKVD.
• N'ihi nyoputa onyeiro na sabotaji battalion na 1929 ọ e kere site a egbe na a silencer -equipped igwe silencers "Bram", ewepu ọdịdị nke ire ọkụ. E ụmụnna IG na VG Mitin.
• Nagant wz. 30 - ngwá agha ndị e mere égbè na 1895, mere ka okporo osisi ya. Site 1930 na 1939 ọ na-emepụta serially na Radom na ihe na ogwe aka factory. Total Poland emepụta 20,000 iberibe revolvers "égbè" abụọ samples: and wz.30 na and wz.32.

Sport ụdị - a agha nke narị afọ nke 20

Ndị a magburu onwe ngwaahịa:

• Ọzụzụ égbè Nagant-Smyrna maka ọzụzụ, mepụtara n'afọ 1926. Ya mmebe bụ A. A. Smirnsky. Site na 1925 ruo 1939 afọ ndị a ngwaahịa arụpụtara 3,500 iberibe n'okpuru 5.6 mm rimfire ụgwọ.
• "Nagan" égbè na-kere maka egwuregwu na 1953. Ya mmebe bụ VA Paramonov. Nke a sample e mepụtara site na 1956 ka 1966. Total 8220 iberibe MC-4 na MC e mepụtara-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - egwuregwu egbe sample 1962 afọ. Nlereanya a na-e EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - a egbe sample na 1972, e mere maka egwuregwu. Ya mere EL Haydurov. Ọ shortened na drum n'okpuru shortened katrij 7,62H26 mm.
• TOZ-96 bụ ihe bupu nhọrọ TOZ-49 n'okpuru ụgwọ .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. Ọ arụpụtara kemgbe 1996.

Sports na ịchụ nta ụdị

Na now anya na ngwá agha ndị na-esonụ samples:

• Carbine KR-22 "agụ nkwọ" bụ ihe atụ nke a akakabarede ndebe nke .22 LR. Nke a égbè "égbè" onwem gbọmgbọm lengthened 500 mm, osisi na osisi aka integrally igba butt. Ngwaahịa a ji 2 n'arọ. Iji mee ka ọ malitere na 2010.
• Egbe "Égbè Eluigwe" bụ a akakabarede nlereanya, arụpụtara Ukrainian ụlọ ọrụ "SBM". Nke a egwuregwu egbe n'okpuru ihe-ndebe nke 4-mm Flaubert kere maka ọzụzụ.

Civil agbachitere ngwá agha

Gịnị bụ "égbè" traumatic na gas? Ke akpa 2000s, ọtụtụ ọdịiche nke a obere égbè e mere, arụpụtara site na-agbanwe agbanwe ọgụ "Naganov".

1. Na Russian na-emepụta nzere ngwá agha na-esonụ: P1 na trauma "Naganych" n'okpuru ihe-ndebe nke 9 mm na R. A. HPE-502 "égbè-M" n'okpuru ihe-ndebe 10H32 mm T n'okpuru ego ọrụ na trauma RS 10H23 mm T.
2. Na Ukraine, na gas na-emepụta trauma na obere égbè "brigeedi iwu", "ramp 1 R", "D-Nagant" mkpirikpi "SKAT 1Rk" na "égbè Russian Federation."
3. ikuku egbe "Nagan Gletcher NGT» mere na USA. Nke a gas-cylinder ejima kpara égbè.

Ekele forensic chọrọ, ngwaọrụ ngwá agha, na-agba roba mgbọ, e nwere mgbanwe machibidoro agbapụ warheads.

Signal (mkpọtụ) ụdị

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - mgbaàmà egbe n'okpuru okpu "Zhevelo". Mere Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" osisi na okpomọkụ nke 2006.
• "Égbè MR-313" (Nagano-07). Na nke a sample, tụnyere "bluff" gbanwetụrụ azuokokoosisi okpu ngwaọrụ (y ọhụrụ stub ihe ọkaibe contours). Nlereanya a na-onwem na nta-n'obosara ogwe, ọ bụghị na etiti Oghere Usoro ọgụgụ na breech nke gbọmgbọm-egwe ọka etiti adịghị emepụta.

"Nagan MR-313" na-onwem na a drum, ndị ọnụ ọgụgụ ha na-adịghị tinye aka nọmba na eku. égbè uwe n'okpuru "Zhevelo" na-adịghị enwe n'ime-ulo nile, na screwed n'ime na eri.

Na-akpali mmasị, na 2008, na "hama" mmepụta nke a revolvers tụgharịa kwagara Izhevsk ogwe factory.

• P-2 - a na-agba ama ngwá agha n'okpuru okpu "Zhevelo", ndị ọzọ ihe nlereanya ke "Bluff" na MR-313. The emeputa bụ Kalashnikov Nchegbu.

N'ikpeazụ, ọ bụrụ na ị na-oke umengwụ na-ikike maka égbè (bụghị ọtụtụ ndị dị ka red teepu), ị nwere ike ịzụta sports "Nagant" n'okpuru ihe-ndebe nke Flaubert. Ndị a na ngwaahịa na-chụọ n'ọrụ dara ụda, n'ụzọ zuru okè echebe megide kpafuo nkịta anaghị achọ a ikike maka zuo na yi.