Eighty Agha Afọ

Na oge a historiography maara dị ka ndị Eighty Agha Afọ, Eighty Agha Afọ (1568 - 1648) - agha Seventeen Provinces (onye otu nke na-ekwu na Low N'ókèala) maka onwe megide ndị kasị dị ike na Europe, na Spanish Empire n'okpuru King Philip II.

Anyị na-adịghị ekwu okwu banyere a ogologo agha. Kemgbe afọ 80, ọ pụtara na ọtụtụ ndị nupụrụ isi na-multi-afọ truce (na 1609 -1621 afọ). The alụ maka onwe ada ka nkewa nke North na South nke Netherlands na guzobe nke Republic nke United Provinces nke Netherlands.

Kacha nkịtị uche na-atụle na Eighty Agha Afọ malite na looting ụka na convents na 1566.

Na-akpata nsogbu n'ihi na ndị ogbenye ọnọdụ akụ na ụba nke ndị mmadụ, akwa ụtụ isi, mmegbu nke ọhụrụ Calvin okpukpe.

-Agbawa nke mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ndị Katọlik na ndị eze na otu aka, na aka nke ọzọ okpukpe Calvin na disgruntled ma ama choro nnwere onwe na-efe ofufe, mere ka nnupụisi. The ndú nke okpukpe Calvin ghọrọ Vilgelm m Oransky.

Na-ebelata nnupụisi, Philip zigara Low Mba nke gọvanọ ọhụrụ, Fernando Alvarez de Toledo, Duke nke Alba, nke na-nnọọ energetically malitere ilebara ya ọrụ. N'ụbọchị ya rutere na Brussels na isi nke J.Randall agha ọ kwadoro ndị Board ọrịa - mma maara dị ka ọbara Board n'ihi nke ọtụtụ n'ime igbu. The Council e kere ka ahụhụ ndị instigators nke ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị na okpukpe nsogbu na Netherlands. Na ngụkọta, na Duke nke Alba si 1567 na 1573 afọ, e gburu banyere 18 000 ndị na Netherlands.

Eighty Agha Afọ malite na abụọ ọma mwakpo na 1568 na 1572, karị, Vilgelma Oranskogo na a goro agha oké osimiri gozov, oge ufodu Dutch ala na naval agha. N'ihi na nke ndị ogbenye ego na a obere agha nke ọha nkwado maka mbuso agha na-aga ibibi site ná mmalite.

Ma nnọọ na-atụghị anya jide obodo nke Brielle geuzen April 1, 1572, nke bụ ihe ịrịba ama maka okpukpe Calvin na anāchi achi nke Holland na Zeeland ebili ọzọ.

Spaniards n'ozuzu nwere ihe ịga nke ọma, ma Eighty Agha Afọ-eri ha na nnukwu ego outlays. Na nke a, na okwu udo e butere, Otú ọ dị, ha na-emezughị. Ka ọ dịgodị na Duke nke Alba, na-adịghị amasị ndị Low N'ókèala, isi n'ihi na iru mmiri ihu igwe, jụrụ ọtụtụ ugboro Philippe hapụ ya si ya ọrụ dị ka gọvanọ. Philip, na ọgwụgwụ, kwetara, na 1573 a gọvanọ ọhụrụ a họpụtara Luis De Rekezens. Ma na 1576, ọ nwụrụ na mberede.

Ke adianade do, n'oge ahụ, e nweghị nọchiri ruo ọtụtụ ọnwa mercenaries e-adịghị akwụ ụgwọ a ụgwọ, na Spanish agha nwere oké njọ mkpesa, nke nyere a mmalite nnupụisi, na-akpọ "Spanish iwe". Agha bibie na bukọrọwo Antwerp, na-egbu 10,000 nke ndị bi n'ime ya.

Mgbanwe ke Netherlands nọgidere dị ọnọdụ ndị a n'ihu ike na mkpebi siri ike nke insurgents nweta mba onwe.

8 November 1576 e banyere Pacification nke Ghent. Holland, Zeeland na ndịda (Catholic) ógbè kwetara na okpukpe ndidi na ibe co-operation na-achụpụ ndị Spaniards si Dutch ala. Ghent sonyeere nkwekọrịta na ndị ọzọ na ugwu anāchi achi.

January 6, 1579 na alụmdi na ebelatawo site na mgba okpuru nke Walloon anāchi achi Ghent nkwekọrịta signatories Arras n'otu, nke na ha kwuru na ha na-eguzosi ike n'ihe na Spanish eze. Na nzaghachi, January 23, 1579 na Utrecht n'otu e kere megide Spanish na-achị, jikọta asaa ugwu anāchi achi nke Netherlands na itọ ntọ-ala ga-eme n'ọdịnihu onwe ha Republic.

Site 1588 Spanish, mgbe gọvanọ nke Netherlands Alessandro Farnese, Duke Parma, reconquered ala n'ebe ndịda mba. The ọmụmụ nke Dutch Republic na n'ebe ugwu bịara n'okpuru agha. Ma Spain ukem edu agha megide England na France, nke kwere ka Netherlands na-amalite a counter-akpasu iwe

Mgbe oge nke iri na abụọ na afọ truce (na 1609) ókè nke Dutch State e mesịrị ofu.

Site na nnukwu, na Netherlands bourgeois mgbanwe ekpuchi akpa afọ iri ise nke ọgụ n'etiti Spain na Netherlands (1568 -1618). N'oge ikpeazụ orú arọ na iri (1618 -1648) ndị agha dị n'etiti Spain na Netherlands, e jikọrọ ya n'ozuzu European agha, mara dị ka Agha Iri Afọ Atọ.