Fundamentals nke Inorganic Chemistry. ọxịdashọn ogo

The ọxịdashọn na ala - a haziri ụgwọ mmewere atọm na molekul. Nke a echiche bụ isi na inorganic onwu, na-enweghị nghọta ya ọ gaghị ekwe omume iche na usoro nke redox Jeremaya mere, ụdị nke njikọ na ụmụ irighiri ihe, na-chemical na n'ụzọ anụ ahụ Njirimara nke ọcha. Iji ghọta ihe bụ ogo ọxịdashọn bụ ụzọ dị mkpa ịghọta ihe kasị atọm onwe ya na otú ọ na-akpa àgwà mgbe mmekọrịta na ndị ọgbọ ha.

Dị ka a maara, ndị atọm mejupụtara protons, neutrons na electrons. The protons na electrons, na-akpọ nucleons, ụdị ghaghị ebubo ntọala ọjọọ electrons dabeere ya. A nti nuclear ego eguzozie n'ozuzu ọjọọ elekọta electrons. N'ihi ya, na-anọpụ iche atọm.

Onye ọ bụla elektrọn nwere ụfọdụ ume larịị, nke na-ekpebi nso nke ya na ọnọdụ na isi: na nso ka isi - na obere ume. Ha mere ndokwa na n'ígwé. The electrons nke otu oyi akwa nwere n'ụzọ otu ike ọkọnọ na ume larịị n'ụdị ma ọ bụ electronic oyi akwa. The electrons na elu ume larịị na-adịghị kwa ike agbụ na ntọala, ya mere, ha nwere ike na-ekere òkè chemical Jeremaya mere. Ihe na-enwe externally si otu anọ electrons na chemical Jeremaya mere, na-emekarị inye electrons, na ndị ahụ na-ise asaa electrons - na-.

E nwekwara chemical ọcha na-akpọ inert, haruru, nke na elu ume larịị mejupụtara asatọ electrons - kacha ekwe omume ego. Ha fọrọ unu abanyekwala chemical Jeremaya mere. Ya mere, ọ bụla atọm Aims "emeju" elu ha elektrọn oyi akwa na chọrọ asatọ electrons. Ebe m ga-efu? Na ọzọ atọm. Na usoro nke chemical mmeghachi omume mmewere na ukwuu electronegativity "wereziiri" electrons na ihe mmewere na a ala electronegativity. Electronegativity chemical mmewere na-adabere na ọnụ ọgụgụ nke electrons na valence larịị na ike nke ha mma ntọala. Ihe mmewere, ewerekwa electrons, n'ozuzu ọjọọ ụgwọ dị ukwuu karịa mma-ndebe nke ntọala, mgbe inye electrons - Anglịkan. Ihe atụ, na a compound nke sọlfọ oxide NKE oxygen enwe a elu electronegativity, na sọlfọ na-ewe 2 electrons na-enweta a na-adịghị mma ụgwọ, ka sọlfọ nọgidere na-enweghị abụọ electrons obtains a mma ego. Na nke a, ogo ọxịdashọn nke oxygen hà ogo sọlfọ ọxịdashọn, iwere na ndị na-abụghị ihe ịrịba ama. The ọxịdashọn ala e dere n'elu nri akuku nke chemical mmewere. Na nke a atụ, dị ka ndị a: S ⁺² O ^-2.

The n'elu atụ pụtara simplistic. N'ezie, ná mpụta electrons nke otu atọm na-ọlị zigara ndị ọzọ, ha na-aghọ a "nkịtị" Ya mere, ogo ọxịdashọn nke ndị ọcha bụ mgbe nta karịa ẹkedọhọde na akwụkwọ ọgụgụ.

Ma ka mfe nghọta nke chemical Filiks nke eziokwu a na-eleghara anya.