Fundamentals nke onwu: Njirimara, ngwa na nnata nke nitrogen

Nitrogen bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ọcha na ụwa - na ihe ikuku nke ọdịnaya karịa 78%. Ịdị adị nke ndị dị otú ahụ a nnukwu ego nke nitrogen na free ala kwuru ya inertia na ike mmekọrịta na ndị ọzọ ọcha n'okpuru nkịtị ọnọdụ.

Na ibikwa ala, a umi nwere ike dị na organic na inorganic okwu. Metụtara na carbon na oxygen, nitrogen echekwara na osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na-edozi.

N'onwe ya, aha "nitrogen" chepụtara site Lavoisier, onye na N'ezie nke ọtụtụ nwere ike ọnụnọ ke ikuku nke ụfọdụ inert umi. Scientist hụrụ na umi-adịghị ndụ - Greek «azote».

The nitrogen okirikiri

Ọ bụ ezie na nitrogen inertness, ndammana na-ewere ọnọdụ Filiks ya na-adịgide adịgide nsogbu ma ọ bụ bonding. Ihe atụ, na mgbọrọgwụ nke leguminous osisi akpọkọtara pụrụ iche bacteria na idozi nitrogen, nhazi ya n'ime nitrati.

Na nke a gas ikuku na-oxidized n'oge àmụmà agbapụta n'ahụ. Mgbe ahụ nitrogen oxides etisasịwo ke ọdịda, akpụ acid bụ nitric na nitrous. Na snow, na mmiri ozuzo, igirigi, nitrogen n'ime ala, ebe mgbanwe n'ime nitrati ma ọ bụ nitrites. The dị iche iche osisi na-eji ha na-ewu protein. Animals eri osisi, na akwukwo nri protein esichara n'ime anụmanụ. Na decomposition nke osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ ọnwụ, mgbe nile nitrogen ogige ke ozu ha tọghatara n'ime amonia. The bacteria na-ebibi ya mfe ọcha, ọ pụta ìhè ọzọ na-agwaghị agwa nitrogen na hydrogen. Nke a na-eme nitrogen okirikiri ma ọ bụ a nitrogen okirikiri ke uwa.

Chemical Njirimara nke nitrogen

Ya isi onwunwe bụ na nkịtị ọnọdụ - bụ inertia, ie, kacha nta reactivity. The nitrogen atọm nwere ike na-etolite a nkekọ na-ọzọ nitrogen atọm, nke bụ nnọọ ihe ọhụrụ n'ihi na chemical ọcha (na wezụga nke naanị sịlịkọn na carbon).

Mgbe ewe iwe, mmewere mkpatụ na kasị ọla. N'ụdị a ionic, covalent ma ọ bụ n'etiti nitrides na-ezighị ezi-na ebubo nitrogen ion.

Na mmeghachi omume na hydrogen, nitrogen forms zuru ezu anụ ogige - azotovodorody na vaguely yiri hydrocarbons. N'ihi na ndị dị otú ahụ bekee gụnyere amonia, hydrazine na hydrazoic acid.

Nkwadebe na ngwa nke nitrogen

Ogige nke a umi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa na ọrụ ụlọ ọrụ ugbo. A usoro nke na-amị nitrogen n'ụdị a chemical mmewere bụ dabere na chọrọ ogo-adị ọcha. Kasị nitrogen mkpa maka amonia mmepụta, ma na-ekwe na a obere ọdịnaya nke nējide onwe-enweta ụdị.

Nkwadebe nke ikuku nitrogen

Nke a bụ otu n'ime ndị kasị echekwa ụzọ nke na-ọcha ikuku gasị site obi jụrụ successively na mmụba. Ihe mmiri mmiri ikuku nta distilled n'elu nwayọọ nwayọọ na-azụ okpomọkụ. Mgbe usoro a na-mbụ ekenyela magburu, haruru, wee nitrogen. Ọ na-anọgide na mmiri mmiri oxygen.

Dị ka na-a otutu nitrogen mere ka o kwe omume mepụtara ọtụtụ nde tọn nke umi n'afọ ọ bụla. Nitrogen bụ-eji maka ụdi mmepụta nke amonia nke n'aka nke na-eje ozi dị ka a akụrụngwa maka ulo oru ugbo nitrogen ogige.

Pure nitrogen ikuku nwekwara ike-eji mgbe ọ dị mkpa ka a zuru ezu enweghị oxygen.

Nkwadebe nitrogen na a laabu

Obere obere, ihe gas na-emepụta site oxidizing amonia ma ọ bụ ammonium ion. Karịsịa, ammonium ion nwere ike oxidized na nitrite ion.

Nkwadebe nitrogen n'oge decomposition

Azides amalite irekasị mgbe kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ, erekasịchaala n'ime amonia ọla kọpa oxide, nitrati na-akadiahade site mmeghachi omume na urea ma ọ bụ sulfamic acid - nitrogen a kpụrụ site ndị a niile Jeremaya mere.