Gịnị bacteria ahụ orderlies nke mbara ala: a obere azịza

Kasị ndụ ntule na mbara ala ruru eru nke onwe onye na-na-amị organic bekee mkpa maka ọrụ ha na, Ya mere, ga-eji ẹdude organic okwu, iji maka nke a pụrụ iche enzymes.

Autotrophs na heterotrophs

Nke mbụ bụ na-ekwu na ndị bụ isi na-emepụta nke organic ọcha, ntụgharị ndị nke nwere carbon, a ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu nke osisi na-eji maka nke a usoro nke photosynthesis. Nke a na usoro nke nri-akpọ autotrophic.

Ọzọ usoro nke na-amị organic bekee bụ chemosynthesis, nke via mgbagwoju redox Jeremaya mere, nke organic okwu na-emepụta si sọlfọ, waxes, ndi na-edozi, na ọbụna hydrogen. Nke a ụzọ nke na-eri bụ n'etiti ndị na-achị nke microorganisms na-ebi na oké ogbu.

Na organic bekee mere ọzọ ntule na usoro nke photosynthesis na chemosynthesis, na-eri nri na ntule iji heterotrophic oriri na-edozi. N'ihi ya, heterotrophs ogide a n'ọkwá ka elu nri yinye, ma n'otu oge ndị dabere na ndị ọzọ ntule.

Heterotrophs: saprophytes, na osmotrofy Biotroph

Otu n'ime ihe ndị dịgasị iche iche nke ndụ ntule ọsọ nri atụmatụ. Autotrophic oriri na-edozi pụta ụwa a ukwuu haziri multicellular ntule, mgbe dịkwa ka usoro ha na mmadụ nje na na mmalite nke họọrọ heterotrophic oriri na-edozi.

Heterotrophic oriri na-edozi na-agụnye ọtụtụ isi azum inweta ume site a okokụre organic okwu.

Ka ihe atụ, n'ụzọ na ụfọdụ nke dịkwa ka usoro ha na bacteria na-erite ike na gburugburu ebe obibi, na-akpọ osmotrofiya, i.e. inweta nri ozugbo site na cell mgbidi. N'ihi nke a, e setịpụrụ dị iche iche fungal enzymes nke umi mbụ rapara na-ajụ gbara ya gburugburu na fungal mgbidi.

The elu ogbo nke nri yinye iri Biotroph, nke na-agụnye ụmụ anụmanụ na-eri nri na osisi na ụmụ anụmanụ na-eri nri na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ, ie anụ.

Nke dị oké mkpa maka ilekota nke dum planet nwekwara saprotrophs bacteria - a na-akpọ oge a na usoro ndu ntule, mara bụ dị ka saprophytes.

Ammonification dị ka isi nri pyramid

Iji ghọta ihe bụ ntụgharị nke organic okwu na ọdịdị na ọrụ a dị mgbagwoju usoro na-egwuri site microorganisms, ọ dị mkpa na-aza ajụjụ nke ihe bacteria ahụ orderlies planet.

Ka iju dị ka ọ na-ada, ma otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị mkpa Filiks na mbara ala bụ ammonification, na-rere ere. Nke a bụ a kama mgbagwoju anya si a chemical echiche, na usoro na-ewe ogologo oge.

Maka mmejuputa iwu usoro a-ederịta akwụkwọ ozi microorganisms, udia organic okwu, ma si otú ọ bụla umi nwere a protein. Mkpa nke usoro si ndu ele ihe anya nyere widest nkesa ammonifiers na na ọnụ ọgụgụ buru ibu na-hụrụ na mmiri, ala, nri na ndu eme ntule. Ozugbo bacteria na-akawanye ezu nke a kwesịrị ekwesị mkpụrụ, na rere ere usoro amalite.

Ebe a na-bacteria Chọta orderlies nke mbara ala:

• spore na-akpụ bacteria nke genus nje na-akpata;
• clostridia;
• enterobacteria.

Ndị a microorganisms ndị kasị akpalite na usoro miri decomposition nke ndi na-edozi iche iche nitrogen-free na nitrogen ogige, nke, na-ada n'ime mmiri, ikuku na ala na-eji ike osisi, bụ nke n'aka nke re-eji ha n'ihi na mmepụta nke organic ogige, ya bụ, ibu na-amụba.

Kpebie nke bacteria ahụ orderlies nke mbara ala, ọ dị mkpa na-eche banyere uru ada site na ha ecosystems. Ọ ga-tụọ ekwe omume nsogbu na akụ na ụba na azụmahịa eme.

Mere saprotrophs bacteria ahụ orderlies agwa

Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị chemical ọcha na agwa bụ nitrogen, nke dị oké mkpa maka uto nke osisi na ndu eme ntule. N'oge ọ na-na mmepe nke osisi na-aṅụ nnukwu ichekwa free nitrogen si ala, ikuku na mmiri. N'ihi ya nitrogen ejikọ aka ma na-ọ dịghịzi adị maka inwekwu were.

Mgbe ọnwụ nke ahụ ahụ na nitrogen bụ na a na steeti ebe agaghị abara ya uru site osisi ndị ọzọ. Ọ bụ na a ogbo ke ikpe-abịa na bacteria, ndị isi mma nke bụ heterotrophic oriri na-edozi. Nwayọọ nwayọọ ma ha n'ụzọ dị irè rapara n'aru niile gụnyere ke organic okwu nke umi ke kasị mfe ọcha, nke si otú laghachiri eke ntụgharị.

Site saprophytes bụghị naanị uru

Ozugbo ị matara ihe nke bacteria ahụ orderlies nke mbara ala, ọ nwekwara ike na-akpọ saprotrophs na bacteria na pụrụ imerụ onye. Ọ bụ ezie na nsia microflora nke ụmụ mmadụ na nwere ọtụtụ putrefying bacteria, ha oké multiplication pụrụ imerụ onye.

The kasị emerụ bụ saprotrophs eskerikiya, Clostridium na streptococcus.

Ke adianade do, ụfọdụ ụdị nke bacteria ime ka akaghi spoilage nri, na-eme ya akụ na ụba nsogbu.