Gịnị bụ a elu-elu mpaghara? Elu-akọwa Eurasia

Mmadụ ole na ole na-echeta akwụkwọ, ihe elu-akọwa. Echiche a na-akọwa mgbanwe dị ka ị na-akpali elu ihu igwe e ji mara nke e guzobere enyemaka, nkume ala mejupụtara, nakwa dị ka ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi. Ma n'ihi ihe ụfọdụ mere, dị ka etịbe ọmụma banyere onye ọ bụla akụrụngwa, elu-elu mpaghara odida obodo e ji ọtụtụ n'ụzọ ziri ezi tụọ parameters: Ihu Igwe na geomorphic.

Ahịhịa na ndị ọzọ mmiri na-etolite na-elu-elu mpaghara

Ọ bụ ezie na ahịhịa (n'agbanyeghị ya mgbe nile na ike nkewa nke ebe) na-adịghị mgbe nile, na-egosi na steeti nke oge a na ngụkọta ihe mgbochi na a ọtụtụ ihe, na-ekwesịghị imebi mkpa ya guzobe echiche banyere ihe a elu-elu mpaghara.

N'ihi nke a, ot òtù zones nke ahịhịa ebe obibi maka a dịgasị iche iche nke elu enyemaka na-atụle ga-anakwere na ihe ezi uche. Ihe e ji mara nke mmiri - ahịhịa, ala mejupụtara, idụhe, fauna, na ecosystems n'ozuzu odida obodo nwere ike kere n'ime zones nke altitudinal zones. N'ihi na dị iche iche ugwu usoro, ha bụ ndị ezi dị iche iche. Karịsịa, elu-elu mpaghara Ural ugwu ga-iche site na Tibet elu zones. Iji kwesịrị ekwesị na reliably kewaa odida obodo na ebe, ọ dị mkpa ka igbunye ngụkọta agbanwe ihe ịrịba ama.

Ihe Kpatara altitudinal zones

Tụnyere mbara ọzara, na ugwu nke di iche iche nke umu nnọọ elu - na 2-5 ugboro. Ma, olee ihe na-akpata "elu" nke eke ebe ugwu?

The isi ihe - nke a bụ elu nke ugwu, na ha obodo ebe. Natural ebe na-agbanwe agbanwe ihe ahụ dị ka mgbe ụgbọala na ìhè site n'ebe ndịda ruo n'ebe ugwu. Otú ọ dị, mgbe ụgbọala elu ugwu teren mgbanwe a gbara ọkpụrụkpụ ma oputara dịtụ ala karị.

High-elu belt kasịnụ ibu ugbu ke ebe okpomọkụ latitudes. Na mmachi Arctic gburugburu n'otu elu ugwu nta ọnụ ọgụgụ nke ndị dị otú ahụ zones.

The idụhe ke ugwu

Altitudinal zonation n'ugwu njikọ chiri na idụhe. All elu mpaghara ekpuchi ugwu ọ bụla dị n'akụkụ, ma ọ bụghị mgbe niile tiers nke otu na-abụghị mkpọda. Na ụkwụ nke ugwu ka idụhe bụ ihe yiri ọnọdụ ihu igwe gburugburu mbara ọzara. N'elu tiers ndị ọzọ na-agafeghị oke, na mgbe ahụ zuru ezu oké ihu igwe. Mgbe n'elu e nwere a mpaghara nke permafrost na snow. Na, dị ka, na nso ka Sun - ya mere, na ozizi, ọkụ, ma n'ezie na ọ bụghị.

Ọ bụ ezie na wezụga ime, kwa. Nke a na-egosi na elu mpaghara - bụghị ihe ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ onu, na ọ na-adabere ọtụtụ ihe. Na Siberia, e nwere ebe ebe idụhe bụ aka ike na ụkwụ karịa na mkpọda. Nke a bụ n'ihi na enweghị nke ikuku mgbasa ke n'oghere n'etiti ugwu.

Gịnị ka e ji mara ndị na elu-elu mpaghara nke Eurasia?

The nso ugwu nke dị n'ebe ndịda, nke ukwuu na ọnụ ọgụgụ na dịgasị iche iche nke elu zones. Urals - otu n'ime ndị kasị nnọchiteanya ugwu na usoro.

Na ndịda nke elu-elu nkebi nke Ural Mountains nwere ihe karịrị tiers karịa nke dị n'ebe ugwu, n'agbanyeghị eziokwu na ndịda ugwu n'okpuru. Ke edere edere akụkụ e nwere nanị ugwu-tundra belt.

Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri na ndị Amur-Sakhalin region

Kadị iche zones na na Black Sea n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Caucasus. Dị nnọọ ihe hour pụọ site ụgbọ ala, i nwere ike na-aga site na subtropical n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke Sochi maka sub-Alpine idụhe nke Western Caucasus.

Na Amur-Sakhalin ebe pụta ụwa nile anāchi achi nke otu ihe ịrịba ama - odida obodo Ọdịdị ibe. Ha na-ekewa n'ime:

• gornotundrovuyu;
• podgoltsovy - tojuru kedrovnikah, obere n'ọhịa Ajan spruce, kamakwa dị iche iche degrees nke ịta nkume birch.

Na ndịda Sikhote-Alin nwere niile e ji mara ahụkarị nke Amur altitudinal zones.

Ọzọ tiers bụ: ala ugwu warara (cedar n'ọhịa na sara mbara epupụta na kpụrụ ala ha, na ihu igwe) Mid gbalaga (ọhịa coniferous osisi na kwekọrọ ekwekọ kpatara n'elu), nkwọcha warara (ngwakọta nke conifer Proleski, oké ibu cedar Slanic, Asherim nkume birch) Goltsovoye warara onwe ya, nke tundra dị ọcha ụdị.

Ọ bụrụ na ihu igwe na-aghọ ndị ọzọ continental, dị otú ahụ a atụmatụ na-kwukwara deciduous ọhịa. Na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ ugwu nke South Sikhote-Alin ugbu ugboro bụ ugwu tundra warara podgoltsevyh osisi (ma ọ bụ na-akpụ akpụ ugwu ọhịa), mmachi Erman gbagọrọ agbagọ, belt fir-spruce ọhịa (spruce), belt broadleaf-pine ọhịa (pine ọhịa), belt nke deciduous ọhịa na belt ọhịa .

The ndabere nke timberline ugwu elu

Ka ụbọchị, na-akwakọba a bukwanu ego nke data banyere otú elu bụ elu ịgba nke oké ọhịa warara Southern Sikhote-Alin. Njupụta elu kere elu ịgba na ụfọdụ osisi n'elu na mkpọda nke otu iche, na-ewe zuru ezu nnukwu ụkpụrụ na esịmde karịrị 300 mita ekwesị.

Good kwesiri ngosi n'ozuzu-emekarị na-abawanye na elu nke elu nke elu ịgba nke oké ọhịa na-gbanwere elu (mmetụta nke elu nke n'usoro). Otú ọ dị, ọ bụ ezie na ugwu na ndị dị anya site na oké osimiri na a anya ke nso site na 15 105 kilomita, ruru n'etiti elu nke osisi akara na onu ire bụ fọrọ nke nta ahụ nke ọ bụla ná mkpọda. Nke a pụta bụ na ọ bụghị ezigbo ihe ezi uche, na-atụ anya, ya mere achoghidi nkọwa.

Incoherence-egosipụta onwe ya na eziokwu na nke a hà refutes oké mmetụta nke oké osimiri na ọnọdụ nke elu ókè nke oké ọhịa. Na-ọzọ kpọmkwem, n'ime ókè nke South Sikhote-Alin oké osimiri mmetụta a na-eche na elu zones na mkpokọta hà ike. Nke ahụ bụ, elu-elu mpaghara nke Eurasia bụ bụghị otú dabere na ọdịdị nke oké osimiri nile.

Ma ọ bụghị ya, dị otosịrị iru maka ala gbara osimiri okirikiri ugwu n'elu na latitudes (Hualaza-Litovka, Pidan-Livadijsky, Tavayza-Brusnichnaya) ekwesịghị dị ka nnukwu. Ebe a na-emetụta mmetụta na elu ókè nke oké ọhịa elu nke ugwu. Dị na nke a mara na-ekenyela naanị Cloud Mountain, kachasi elu na Southern Sikhote-Alin.

Iji kọwaa a onu na ụzọ abụọ: ma na n'usoro n'ebe a bụ elu na nbata-uzọ okpomọkụ akọwapụta osisi ruru a kacha elu nke obodo, ma ọ bụ enwetara site na ihe ịha ala na elu ịgba igwe ahịhịa adịghị emegharị thereto. Mmiri altitudinal zones pụta ụwa ugwu kranberị, na-na-ji site n'elu ala gbara osimiri okirikiri akụkụ na South na Middle Sikhote-Alin, dị ka e gosiri site n'ugwu di elu nke oké ọhịa ọhịa osisi oak.

High-elu mpaghara - a pụrụ iche onu na uwa

Iji zaa ajụjụ ahụ, ihe bụ elu-elu mpaghara, onye ga-aghọta na nke a bụ nnọọ peculiar onu nke karịrị na eluigwe na ala na iwu. E nwere ọtụtụ ndị ihe na-eduga mmepe nke a ihu igwe, ụdị ahịhịa na ụmụ anụmanụ. Ihe Ọmụma na mpaghara ebe a na-egosi n'ihi na ọtụtụ methodical nnyocha. Na-agbanwe agbanwe ohere na-emetụta ndị na ọnụego nke mgbanwe nke ehihie na abalị, nakwa dị ka n'oge a kara weather regimes. All n'elu ozi, Otú ọ dị, ọ bụghị n'ụzọ doro anya kọwaa ihe elu-elu mpaghara. Na a nutshell - a mgbanwe onodu ubochi zones na-amụba elu nke ugwu.