Gịnị bụ boreal n'oké ọhịa? Coniferous ọhịa nke apịtị: nkọwa, ụmụ anụmanụ na osisi

The kasị eke ebe ke Russia bụ apịtị. Coniferous ọhịa nwere ike obi ike ga-akpọ "akpa ume nke Earth", n'ihi na ọ bụ site na ha na-adabere na ala nke ikuku, oxygen itule na carbon dioxide. Ebe a na-lekwasị ọgaranya akụ nke osisi, ịnweta ego, ọtụtụ nke na-emeghe ka a ụbọchị.

Location na Russia

Wide warara na-agbasa ná mba anyị, na apịtị. Coniferous ọhịa na-ekpuchi ka ukwuu nke Siberia (East, West), na Urals, na Baikal mpaghara, na Far East na Altai n'ugwu. The malite nke na mpaghara na-ewe ke Russia si n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ, ọ na-erukwa na Pacific Ocean - Japan na Okhotsk oké osimiri nile.

Coniferous ọhịa nke apịtị n'ókè na ndị ọzọ ihu igwe zones. Na n'ebe ugwu, ha na-jikọtara na tundra, na n'ebe ọdịda anyanwụ - na sara mbara-leaved ọhịa. Na ụfọdụ obodo e nwere bụ nrutu nke apịtị na steppe na weere ọhịa.

Location na Europe

Coniferous apịtị ọhịa na-ekpuchi ọ bụghị naanị Russia, ma ụfọdụ mba ọzọ. Otu n'ime ha - mba nke Scandinavia, Canada. Na ụwa apịtị arrays ogide a buru ibu n'ókèala na a na-ewere ndị kasị ibu ebe n'ụwa.

Nsọtụ biome emi odude ke n'ebe ndịda nke agwaetiti nke Hokkaido (Japan). N'ebe ugwu na-bounded Taimyr. Ndokwa a bụ n'ihi na ndị na-eduga ọnọdụ nke apịtị-fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ n'etiti ndị ọzọ eke ebe.

ihu igwe

Nso biome dị na abụọ onodu ubochi zones - ọnọdụ na subarctic. Nke a na-akọwa dị iche iche nke ọnọdụ ihu igwe dị n'oké ọhịa. The ọnọdụ ihu igwe na-enye ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ. The nkezi okpomọkụ nke a eke ebe ke ndaeyo bụ 20 degrees n'elu efu. Oyi arctic ikuku na-emetụta ndị na mberede mgbanwe okpomọkụ ma na-emetụta boreal winters, ikuku nwere ike ebe a ga-mma na 45 degrees n'okpuru efu. Ke adianade do, ịkpọpu ifufe hụrụ mgbe niile nke afọ.

Coniferous apịtị ọhịa na-ji nnukwu iru mmiri ruru ka ebe ke marshland na ala volatility. N'oge okpomọkụ kasị nke ọdịda dara n'ụdị obere na oké mmiri ozuzo. N'oge oyi a otutu snow - ọkpụrụkpụ nke ya oyi akwa bụ 50-80 sentimita,-agbazekwa ya maka 6-7 ọnwa. Na Siberia e permafrost.

atụmatụ

Nnukwu, fọdụrụ n'ezinụlọ baa ọgaranya eke ebe - na apịtị. Coniferous ọhịa na-ekpuchi iri na ise nde square kilomita nke ala ebe nke Earth! The obosara nke na mpaghara na European akụkụ nke 800 kilomita, na Siberia - karịrị 2 puku kilomita.

Formation nke apịtị ọhịa malitere ke akpatre oge, tupu na -agbaze kpụkọrọ. Otú ọ dị, ihe ọmụma zuru ezu analysis nke e ji mara ebe na natara naanị na 1898 ekele P. N. Krylovu, onye kọwaa echiche nke "apịtị", na chepụtara ya isi e ji mara.

Karịsịa ọgaranya biome ponds. Ebe a sitere ama Russian osimiri - na Volga, Lena, Kama, Northern Dvina na ndị ọzọ. Obe apịtị Yenisey na Ob. Na coniferous ọhịa nke Russia kasị ukwuu esite odude - Fraternal, Rybinsk, Kama. Ke adianade do, dị n'oké ọhịa na e nwere ọtụtụ ala mmiri, nke na-akọwa na predominance nke etiti (karịsịa n'ebe ugwu Siberia na Canada). N'ihi nwayọọ idụhe na ezigbo hydration, ebe a na e nwere ngwa mmepe nke osisi ụwa.

apịtị subzone

Nature Area ekewa atọ sub-zones, nke dị iche iche ọnọdụ ihu igwe, na osisi fauna.

• North. Ji a oyi idụhe. N'ebe a, aka ike winters na jụụ summers. Nnukwu ebe nke ala ji site marshland. Oké ọhịa ọtụtụ mgbe, undersized, e nwere na-ajụ-sized spruce, pine.
• Nkezi. Ji imeru ihe n'ókè. The idụhe bụ ọnọdụ - ekpo ọkụ n'oge okpomọkụ, oyi, ma ọ bụghị kentuoyi winters. Bogs plurality nke dị iche iche. High iru mmiri. Osisi nkịtị elu, ukwuu n'ime puo spruce-bilberry.
• South. Ebe e nwere bụ ihe kasị iche iche fauna na osisi, coniferous ọhịa. Apịtị admixture ka leaved osisi na broadleaf umu. The idụhe bụ na-ekpo ọkụ, dị iche iche na-ekpo ọkụ summers, nke na-ewe ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọnwa anọ. Belata waterlogging.

ụdị ọhịa

Dabere na ahịhịa nwere ọtụtụ ụdị nke apịtị. Ndị bụ isi bụ ìhè coniferous na coniferous ọhịa. Na osisi e nwere ahịhịa na pụta na saịtị nke igbukpọsị oké ọhịa.

• Coniferous ụdị. Tumadi kesaa Siberia. Ọ na-hụrụ na ndị ọzọ ebe (na Urals, Canada). Dị na a sharply continental idụhe mpaghara, ihe e ji mara site na otutu ọdịda na nwayọọ ọnọdụ ihu igwe. Otu n'ime ihe ndị kasị ụdị osisi bụ pine - heliophilous nnọchiteanya apịtị. Ndị a oké ọhịa na-obosara ma na-egbuke egbuke. Larch - ọzọ ụdị. Woods ma Mkpa ọkụ ka pine. osisi ịdị iche iche obere, n'ihi ya, ndị dị otú ahụ "ogwu" a mmetụta nke na-emeghe obodo.
• Dark coniferous ụdị - kasị nkịtị dị n'ebe ugwu Europe na ugwu (Alps, na Altai Mountains, nke Carpathians). Ya n'ókèala dị na a ọnọdụ ugwu na ihu igwe, ji nnukwu iru mmiri. Ọ na-adịkwaghị fir na spruce, bụ obere nkịtị juniper, ọchịchịrị coniferous pine.

akwukwo nri ụwa

Laa azụ ná mmalite nke narị afọ 19, ọ dịghị onye na-akọrọ eke ebe, na ha dị iche iche na peculiarities na-amaghị. Ọ dabara nke ọma, ka ụbọchị, ọdịdị ala na-amụ n'ụzọ zuru ezu, na niile ozi ndị dị mkpa dị. Apịtị coniferous ọhịa - osisi, osisi, osisi ... Gịnị bụ ihe e ji mara na-akpali osisi nke ebe a?

N'ọhịa - bland ma ọ dịghị n'okpuru, nke bụ n'ihi enweghị ìhè, karịsịa na ọchịchịrị-ogwu. E nwere otu ụdị akpaetu - dị ka a na-achị, e nwere ike hụrụ naanị a green anya. Na-eto eto osisi - currants, junipa na Dwarf osisi - berry, blueberries.

Forest ụdị na-adabere na Ọnọdụ Ihu Igwe. N'akuku Ọdida-anyanwu nke apịtị e ji dominance nke spruce na Siberia. Ugwu ugwu ebe puo spruce-fir ọhịa. N'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ gbatịrị ụyọkọ larches. Okhotsk n'ụsọ oké osimiri nke ndị ọgaranya di iche iche nke ụdị osisi. Ke adianade nnọchiteanya nke conifers, bụ fraught na apịtị na deciduous osisi. Mixed ọhịa na-ekewet nke Aspen, alder, birch.

The fauna nke apịtị

The fauna nke apịtị coniferous ọhịa bụ iche iche na pụrụ iche. Ọ bụ ebe obibi a dịgasị iche iche nke ụmụ ahụhụ. Ọ dịghị ebe e nwere ọtụtụ furry critters, gụnyere ermine, Sable, oke bekee, weasel. Ihu Igwe ọnọdụ dị mma maka sedentary ụmụ anụmanụ, ma adịghị anakwere maka oyi-blooded kere eke. Na oké ọhịa bi nanị ole na ole ụdị amphibians na akpụ akpụ. Ha ala nọmba metụtara na oké oyi. The ike nke ndị bi n'ime emegharị ka oyi oge. Ụfọdụ n'ime ha na-aga n'ime ino na mkpu ma ọ bụ kwụsịtụrụ na-aga aga, na ha nwere ike na-ebi ndụ braked.

Olee anụmanụ ndị bi na coniferous ọhịa? Apịtị, bụ ebe ọtụtụ echebe ụmụ anụmanụ na ụba ihe oriri, e ji ọnụnọ nke anụ ndị dị otú ahụ dị ka lynx, aja aja bear, wolf, nkịta ọhịa. Ndụ ebe a ungulates - ele, Bison, elk, mgbada. Na alaka nke osisi na n'okpuru ha bi òké - beavers, squirrels, ụmụ oke, chipmunks.

nnụnụ

Na-ogwu akwu ihe karịrị 300 ụdị nnụnụ. A pụrụ iche iche iche hụrụ n'ebe ọwụwa anyanwụ apịtị - bụ n'ụlọ ka osisi grouse, hazel grouse, ọtụtụ ụdị ikwiikwii na woodpeckers. Oké ọhịa na-ji elu iru mmiri na ọtụtụ ponds, ya mere ebe a na-karịsịa na-ewu ewu nkịtị Waterfowl. Ụfọdụ ndị nnọchiteanya nke coniferous expanses nwere kwapụ oyi n'ebe ndịda, ebe ọnọdụ ndị ọzọ mma adị. N'etiti ha, Siberia Thrush na ọhịa songster.

The nwoke na ọhịa

Human ọrụ bụ bụghị mgbe niile bara uru nke ala nke uwa. Ọtụtụ ọkụ kpatara akpachapụghị anya na-echeghị echiche ndị mmadụ, igbukpọsị oké ọhịa na Ngwuputa-edu ndú ka a gụnyere ya ná size nke anụmanụ ụwa oké ọhịa.

Buru tomato, mushrooms, mkpụrụ - a typical klas, ewu ewu n'etiti ndị obodo, nke a maara maka mgbụsị akwụkwọ apịtị. Coniferous ọhịa na a isi soplaya nke osisi ego. Ebe a na e nwere nnukwu ego nke eke ego (mmanụ, gas, coal). N'ihi na ooh na tụụrụ ala, na n'ebe ndịda na mpaghara nke mepụtara agriculture. Ekesa site anụmanụ ozuzu na ịchụ nta nke anụ ọhịa.